이 연구는 우리나라 참나무 중 식생의 교목층에 분포하는 떡갈나무(Quercus dentata)의 유식물을 대상으로 대기 중의 CO2 농도와 기온이 상승하고 환경요소인 광(L), 수분(M), 영양소(N) 그리고 토성(S)이 변화할 때 식물의 생육에 어떠한 변화가 있는지를 연구하였다. CO2 농도와 기온을 상승시킨 온난화처리구(Treatment)와 유리 온실 대조구(Control) 내에 서 광(L), 수분(M), 영양소(N) 그리고 토성(S)을 각 4개 구배 (1, 2, 3, 4)로 처리하여 실험하였다. 대조구는 유리온실 내에 서 대기 중의 농도를 그대로 반영하였으며 온난화처리구는 유리온실 내에서 CO2 농도와 온도를 조합하여 처리하였다. 조절된 CO2 농도는 대조구 CO2 농도의 약 1.6배(평균 602.7 ± 64.1ppm)로 유지시켰다. 이는 유엔 정부간 기후변화위원회 (IPCC)에서 제시한 2100년 지구온난화에 대한 가장 낙관적 인 시나리오인 B1 시나리오(CO2 농도: 600ppm, 온도 18℃ 상승)에 해당한다. 광 처리는 온실에 입사되는 전 일광을 차광막의 두께를 조절하여 10%(L1, 76.8±2.16 μmol m-2s-1), 30%(L2, 236.42±32.15 μmol m-2s-1), 70%(L3, 539.21±54.66 μmol m-2s-1), 100%(L4, 787.75±77.76 μmol m-2s-1)로 처리하 였다. 수분 처리는 포장용수량(carrying water capacity) 700ml(M4)를 최댓값으로 하고, 이보다 적은 100ml(M1), 300ml(M2), 500ml(M3)로 구분하였다. 수분의 공급주기는 증발이 빠른 여름철에는 3~4일 간격으로, 그 외 기간에는 7일 간격으로 공급하였다. 영양소는 모래와 유기물을 배합하 였으며 모래(100%)를 기준으로 하여 유기물의 비율을 0%(N1), 5%(N2), 10%(N3), 15%(N4)로 처리하였다. 토성 은 모래와 질석(vermiculate)을 배합하였으며 모래(100%)를 기준으로 하여 질석의 비율을 0%(S2), 25%(S2), 50%(S3), 75%(S4)로 처리하였다. 각 환경구배 당 6개의 화분에 4개체 씩 파종하여 24반복 하였다. 떡갈나무 종자는 2017년 3월에 파종하여 같은 해 6월에 발아율을 측정하고 9월에 잎 수, 지상부 높이(cm)를 측정하였다. 식물에서 종자의 크기와 무 게는 식물의 발아, 생존과 유식물의 생장 등에 큰 영향을 미친다. 따라서 파종 전 종자의 무게를 측정하여 평균 무게의 종자(2.8g±0.72)를 사용하여 종자 크기에 따른 발아, 생존과 유식물의 생장의 차이를 최소화하였다. 이 결과, 토성 처리를 제외한 모든 구배에서 온난화처리구에서의 발아율은 대조구 보다 낮았다. 잎 수는 M1과 L3에서 온난화처리구가 대조구보 다 적었으며 나머지 환경구배간에는 차이가 없었다. 또한 대조구와 온난화처리구 모두에서 광 구배에 따른 잎 수는 차이가 없었다. 지상부 길이는 S1과 L1에서 대조구와 온난화 처리구 간에 차이가 있었다. 지상부 길이는 질석이 없는 S1구 배에서 온난화처리구가 대조구보다 낮았으며 광이 가장 적은 L1에서는 대조구가 온난화처리구보다 낮았다. 또한 수분구 배에 따른 지상부의 길이는 차이가 없었다. 이것으로 보아 지구온난화가 진행되었을 때 떡갈나무의 발아율은 낮아질 것으로 보이며 발아한 유식물의 잎 수는 수분과 광에 따른 영향이 없을 것으로 보인다. 또한 지상부 길이는 광량이 적을 때 증가할 것으로 보인다. 이 연구는 2017년 중견연구지원사 업(NRF-2016R1A2B1010709)에 의하여 지원되었다.

Microfluidics based on nanobio sensors technologies can provide convenient and accurate diagnosis tools. In this talk, we present recent developments of nanobio sensors & diagnosis chip using microfluidics, with special emphasis on disposable plastic devices format. In detail, we overview of the common methods used in the fabrication of polymer microfluidic systems, including replica and injection mold-ing. Also we explain the different methods by which on-chip operations—such as the pumping and valving of fluid flow, the mixing of different reagents, and the separation and detection of different biochemical species implemented in a microfluidic format. Finally, a few select biotechnological applications of microfluidics are presented to illustrate both the utility of this technology and its potential applications with insect models in the near future.

The purpose of this study is to explore one bilingual person’s language development in relation to the changing environments in which she has lived. Bronfenbrenner's (1977, 1979, 1992) bioecological model provided insight as a theoretical framework in that the model emphasizes active interactions and strong interconnectedness between the individual and her surrounding environments, as well as interactions among environments (micro, meso, exo, and macrosystem). As a main data source, a two and half hour semi-structured interview was conducted with the participant, who is a Korean-English bilingual pursuing a graduate degree at an American university. The analysis of the interview data revealed that 1) the participant's developing characteristics (e.g., outgoing personality, age of language learning), 2) the changing environments (e.g., parents’ belief and philosophy, home residential location), and 3) the interactions between the participant and her environments (e.g., the participant’s intrinsic motivation and the mother’s philosophy) and interactions between inner and outer environments (e.g., school system and national educational policy) played out for the participant's reach on the current language development in Korean and English.

This study has investigated the effect of isometric contractile force and muscle activity applying sperficial heat according to the time from the biceps brachii muscle. In this study, 20 university students participants without musculoskeletal and neurological disorders. By applying a hot pack 5min, 10min, 20min and 30min respectively. After that measurement are skin temperature, contractile force and muscle activity. Skin temperature of the hot 5 min applied that rapidly changing. Increasing the time it takes to apply a variance has been reduced(p<.001). Isometric contractile force was not statistically significant but highest when applying the hot pack 5 minutes and lowest when applying the hot pack 30 minutes(p<.001). Muscle activity and median frequency was highest when applying the hot pack 5 minutes. To analyze the above results, it was found that isometric contractile force and muscle activity changed according to the applying time. These result lead us to the conclusion that this study will be more evidence for changes in muscle contraction to apply hot pack on clinic.

본 연구는 모든 국가연구개발사업의 전주기적(life-cycle) 과정을 합목적적이며 통합적으로 관리하고, 사업의 타당성과 중복성을 검증하기 위한 도구로서 미션(mission)개념을 구체화하고, 구조화하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 미션이란 공공사업을 기획하고 추진함에 있어 근본적인 존재근거로서 의미를 가질 수 있지만, 아직까지 개념이 모호하고, 구체적이지 못하여 그 역할이 간과되어 왔다. 따라서 기존문헌의 고찰을 통해서 이제까지 조직단위, 특히 기업차원에서 연구되어온 미션을 공공사업단위로 확장하기 위한 방안을 모색해 보고, 이를 통해 국가연구개발사업 맥락에 적합한 미션의 정의와 그 구성요소를 발견한다. 본 연구에서 도출한 미션구성체는 존재근거, 사업정의, 사업확인 그리고 사업목표 등의 네 가지 차원으로 구성되며, 각 차원별로 복수의 구성요소들로 구성된다.

[n order to obtain the trlle expected DNA prod uct from PCR and RT-PCR using genornic DNA or cDNA reversely transcribed from mRNA. the PCR should be done in an appropriated condition. Sometimes the PCR was repeatedly fail ed. and cventllally the PCR product was turned out to be nonspecific and rudimentary . And more‘ t he PCR prodllctwas not reproducible even though careflll repeat of experiments. As the PCR was based on the exact primel hybridization. the condition of primer hybridization should be properly controlled by a nnealing temperatllre. But the selection of primer seqllences for targeting a specific gene is mostly important. A new method of primer eval uation is now available llsing DNA base pair polarity program. This study presents an example of PCR targeting to human Bax gene using genomic DNA. The DNA base pair polarity theory can di vide the genetic cord into propel DNA segments and calclllaLe their DNA base pair hybridization energy. Thus. mathematically the degree 0(' exact primer hybridization can be expected for the t r1l8 targeting of PCR. However, the DNA base pair polal'ityanalysis demonstrates that the more frequent number of DNA segment incl'eased the specificity of PCR. but decreased its sensitivity . While the greater polarity of DNA segment composed of increased nllmber of polarized DNA base pairs showed increased sensitivi ty 0 1' PCR. bllt relati vely decreased specificity of PCR. With the mllltiple analysis of PCR. especially for PCR cloning from the gDNA and cDNA, we found that the primers themselves showed secondary strllcture of partial hybridization between sameprimers or each pair primers. The DNA base pail‘ polarity signal can directly demonstrated symmetric sequences 0 1' each primer. and also can distinguish the dimmer formation from each pair primers. At least the symmetric seqllence of fOlll‘ base pairs dramatically showed the dimrner formation. On the other hand. in addi tion Lo the statlls of DNA base pair polarity the three-dimensional strllctllre of DNA dOllble helix targeted by the primer seqllences may affect the sensitivity and specificity of PCR detection. The present study introduced a new method of primer evalllation and selection in order to obtain abundant and exacL! y-trlle DNA product for genomic ffilltation analysis and gene expression profï le

Gene reg비 at i o n during the human craniofacial development is not well understood In effort to understand n ewly identifï ed genes that may play role(s) in the human craniofacial development, non-redundan t genes were isolated from the s ubtracted cDNA libra ry of human embryonal craniofacial tissues and examined their possible structu ral rolc in parallcl with thosc gcncs from isolatecl human c h o nclroc)πes cDNA library. Fifty genes were init ia ll y chosen from 398 clones iso latecl were used for selective dominant expression in both chondrocytes and the craniofacial sections of 10 weeks old human embryo by in situ hybridization method. Based upon the high levels 。f expression, we have identifi ecl seven unknown genes; ch89, ch96. ch129. ch 153. ch 276 ch285. and ch334 . In 。rder to unde rs tancl the possi ble role of these genes‘ the structural simulation of the expressed proteins were constructecl by Sybyl 6.6 program. Ch 276 gene was same with a clone, c14 0 1' f173. registered in GenBank(NM_022489) a nd is composed 0 1' 323 amino acids having a reverse s ignaling domain from the extra- cellular matrix(C-terminal) to cell membrane(N-terminal) and 12 turns of helical structure. Gene protein also r etains a famil iar fïbronectin binding domain(RGD). three s ites 0 1' Ca ion binding motifs. cAMP- and cGMP-dep endent protein kinase phos phorylation site, two regions of protein kinase C phosphorylation s ites. glyco- saminoglycan attachment s ite ancl N-glycosylation site. transmembrane and Al kaline Phosphatase active s ite domains This newly iclentifï ed human protein from human choncl rocytes cDNA library appearecl to be related to a known calcification s ignaling protein. was named as Ca lsin(Ch276) . Ch153 appeared to be related a family of anti-microbial peptide acting as an inflammation mediator and Ch334 clone as a zinc finger protein whose expression in creases in human adult ti ssue‘ These results suggest that these novel genes ident i!ï ed from human chondrocytes rnay provide a new path 0 1' embryonic cartilage development and human craniofacial development.