The in vitro culture of Toxoplasma gondii was evaluated using a JNUCK cell strain that was independently developed by our research team. The sensitivity of the JNUCK strain was compared with those of MDCK and vero cell strains, which were previously shown to be sensitive to T. gondii. Morphological observation and 3H-uracil absorption tests showed that JNUCK cell strain has the highest sensitivity, while the MDCK and vero cell strains showed lower sensitivities. The optimal culture conditions using the JNUCK cell strain were determined by inoculating T. gondii at multiplicity of infection (MOI) 1, MOI 5, and MOI 25 and the numbers of T. gondii were measured 24, 48, and 72 hours after inoculation. The optimal medium composition was determined by adding different concentrations of FBS to DMEM medium for inoculation at MOI 5, and then calculating the numbers of tachyzoites inside the cells and in the medium. The numbers of tachyzoites inside the cell were highest for 10% FBS, while the numbers of tachyzoites in the medium peaked after addition of 30% FBS. These studies confirmed that the optimal culture condition of T. gondii using the JNUCK cell strain was achieved by inoculation at MOI 5, using medium containing 20% FBS and culturing for 72 hours.

Vulpes zerda is a fox that inhabits the desert regions of North Africa and Asia, whereas Vulpes pallida is a fox that inhabits the savannah zones of North Africa and the Sahara desert. Vulpes zerda, which is on the “Red List of Threatened Species” designated by the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), belongs to the “Appendix II” group drawn up by the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES) and hence its cross-border trade is prohibited. In contrast, Vulpes pallida is classified as being of “Least concern” (LC) by IUCN. However, distinguishing between Vulpes pallida and Vulpes zerda by shape alone is difficult. This study attempted to differentiate between the two species by examining the chromosomes of Vulpe szerda and Vulpes pallida that were raised in Korea. According to the examination, two of eight foxes believed to be Vulpes zerda were Vulpes pallida and one of six foxes believed to be Vulpes pallida was actually Vulpes zerda. Considering the ambiguity of making a formal distinction between Vulpes zerda and Vulpes pallida, a more scientific approach to differentiation will be required.

This study investigate the correlation of Dan-Jeon and Meridian point in the lower abdomen. We considered that Dan-Jeon is not one meridian point of Lower Abdomen surface but a elastic and cubic round space of lower abdomen. And we considered that Dan-Jeon and meridian point in the lower abdomen has close relationship and similar function with characteristic of each meridian point, disease and diagnosis.

In the present study, we aimed to consider the name of twelve main Meridian in order to understand the concept of the Meridian system and to applicate acupuncture theory in the clinical field properly and fundamentally. We referred to several literatures on the matter and we found out that the name of present twelve Meridian was not settled until the period of Yellow Emperor's Classic. In the time of Yellow Emperor's Classic, the two theory of Internal Organ and Meridian system were combined and added new theory of ‘WoonGi'. The general rule of combination is that the component of name of Meridian consist of 'Hand' or 'Foot' , 'three Eum and Yang' and internal organ. The internal organ coupled with the root ki or middle ki of 'three Eum and Yang' and the 'Hand' or 'Foot' depend on the location of internal organ that belongs to meridian. The name of Twelve Meridian is a kind of system formed to analyze the two concepts organically and dynamically. One is material internal organ and the other is immaterial meridian system.

Newly hatched black porgy larvae (Acanthopagrus schlegeli) swam to the surface, with the mouth and anus still closed and were 1.90–2.11 mm (mean, 2.0 mm) in total length (TL). The larvae were 2.71–2.94 mm TL (mean, 2.82 mm) on day 2 after hatching. At this time, about two-thirds of the yolk was absorbed, the bladder and intestines had formed, and the mouth and anus were open. Total length was 4.32–4.66 mm (mean, 4.45 mm) at the post-larval stage on days 5–6 after hatching, and the yolk and oil globule were almost absorbed. The end of the notochord began to flex, and 6–8 caudal fin rays were visible. The larvae were 15.37–16.1 mm TL (mean, 15.83 mm) at the juvenile stage on days 30–32 after hatching, and the number of rays in all fins was completely revealed.

이 연구는 2003년 4월부터 5월까지 전라남도 보성군 겸백면 율어리 소재의 보성강 중류에서 투망과 족대를 이용하여 채집된 모래무지 어미들을 전남대학교 해양기술학부 자원생물실험실로 운반하여 실내 사육하면서 난발생 및 자치어 형태발달을 관찰하였다. 모래무지의 수정란은 구형의 침성부착란으로 난경은 1.98±0.19 ㎜(n=50)였고, 반투명하였다. 부화에 소요되는 시간은 수정 후 164시간부터였고, 이 때 근절수가 31～32개였으며, 배체의 움직임이 활발하였으며, 머리부터 난막을 뚫고 부화하기 시작하였다. 부화 직후의 자어는 전장이 4.61±0.83 ㎜(n=10)로 난황은 아직 흡수하지 않은 상태였으며, 입과 항문은 열려 있지 않았다. 등쪽과 배쪽, 꼬리쪽에 별모양과 점모양의 흑색소포가 산재하였으며, 눈에는 색소포가 진하게 착색되어 있었다. 부화 후 42일째는 전장 16.22±0.65 ㎜(n=10)로 흑색소포가 두부와 등쪽과 체측면에 따라 짙게 산재하였고, 주둥이 양쪽에 수염이 나타났으며, 체형이나 반문이 성어와 완전히 닮아 있어 치어기로 이행하였다.