목적: 본 연구에서는 착색렌즈 농도와 색상에 따라 눈의 조절기능에 변화가 있는지 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 연구대상자는 폭주값이 정상, 안위이상과 색각이상, 안질환이 없으며, 안과관련 수술 경험이 없는 20대 남녀 대학생 31명을 대상으로 무착색렌즈와 50%, 80%로 농도로 착색된 gray, blue, brown렌즈를 착용하고 조절기능을 측정하였다. 조절기능검사는 조절력, 조절효율, 양성·음성 상대조절검사 및 조절래그검사를 시행하였다. 결과: 본 연구 대상자들은 착색렌즈를 착용 하였을 때 조절력과 조절래그가증가하였으며, 음성상대조절력은 무착색렌즈 착용 시 보다 착색렌즈 착용하였을 때 양안, 단안, 좌안에서 증가하였다. 양성상대조절력은 blue 50%착용 시 크게 나타났다. 또한, 착색렌즈를 착용 하였을 때 조절용이성은 증가하였으나, 착색렌즈의 농도가 증가함에 따라 조절용이성은 감소하였다. 결론: 착색렌즈의 농도에 따라 조절기능의 변화가 나타나므로 착색렌즈 농도 및 색상 선택 시 작업거리, 착색렌즈 착용 환경 등을 고려하여 선택해야 할 것으로 사료된다.

목적: 본 연구는 시력교정술 후 써클 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 조도 환경에 따른 동공크기 및 시력의 차이에 대해 알아보고자 하였다. 방법: 시력교정술을 받지 않은 28안과 시력교정술을 받은 26안에 두 종류의 무도수의 써클 콘택트렌즈를 각각 착용시키고, 동공크기 및 시력을 측정하였다. 결과: 시력교정술을 받지 않은(Control group)은 써클 콘택트렌즈 착용 전 밝은 상태에서의 Log MAR시 력은 렌즈 A를 착용 하였을 때 보다 감소하였으며, 시력교정술을 받은 군에서의 써클 콘택트렌즈 착용 전 Log MAR시력은 착용 후 밝은 상태에서 렌즈 A, B를 착용하였을 때 보다 높게 나타났다. 렌즈 B를 착용 하 였을 때의 Log MAR시력이 렌즈 A를 착용 하였을 때 보다 낮게 나타났다. 밝은 상태에서 대비감도 3, 6 cpd의 공간주파수에 두 그룹간의 유의한 차이가 나타났다. 써클 콘택트렌즈 A를 착용하였을 경우 시력교정 술을 받은 군의 대비감도가 시력교정술을 받지 않은 대조군(Control Group)의 대비감도 보다 낮게 측정되 었으며, 시력교정술을 받지 않은 대조군(Control group)이 시력교정술을 받은 군 보다 밝은, 어두운 상태에 서의 대비감도가 높게 나타났다. 결론: 시력교정술을 받은 사람이 써클 콘택트렌즈 착용 시 대비감도 변화가 나타날 수 있으니 이에 대한 이해 및 착용자의 고려가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

Purpose: To asses the prevalence of refractive error in school-aged children. Methods: A total of 735 school-aged children in Jenman province were included. In all participants, visual acuity, auto Ref-Keratometer, and subjective refraction were determined. A spherical equivalent of -0.5 diopter(D) or worse was defined as myopia, +0.5D or more was defined as hyperopia, and a cylinder refraction greater than 0.75D was defined as astigmatism. Myopia was categorized as either low myopia -0.75∼ -2.00D, medium myopia -2.00 to -6.00 D or high myopia -6.00D or greater. Hyperopia was categorized as low hyperopia +0.75D to 2.00D, and medium hyperopia +2.00D or more. Results: The prevalence of presenting, spectacle corrected visual acuity of 0.5 worse eye was 28%, 48.2%. The prevalence rate of myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism were 43.7, 7.6%, 12.1%. The prevalence of myopia was the highest and followed by the prevalence of astigmatism. The prevalence of hyperopia decreased with age. Conclusion: Compared with other reported rates, the prevalence of myopia in the school-aged children of Jennam is similar to that in most places excluding the other countries, and that hyperopia is in the mid range.

Antibiotic Detection Kit (Combination I), a lateral flow immunoassay (LFIA) developed for the detection of antibiotic residues in milk, was utilized for the analysis of antibiotic residues in the muscle tissue of olive flounder. After 60-min treatment by dipping in water dosed with ampicillin (200-g/ton water), the residue depletion of ampicillin was investigated in 25 cultured olive flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus). Muscles of fish were sampled on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th day after drug treatment. The concentration of ampicillin in the muscle was determined by LFIA. The absorbance ratio of the sample to the control blank (Bs/Bo) was employed as an index to determine the muscle residues in olive flounder. To investigate the recovery rate, standard solutions were added to muscle samples to give final concentrations in the muscle of 4 and 8 ng/ml. The recovery rates of all spiked samples were > 96% of the spiked value. Ampicillin was detected in the muscle of fish treated with the drug until the 2nd day of the withdrawal period. The present study showed that the LFIA can be easily adopted to predict ampicillin residues in tissue of farmed fishes.

The Chinese Hamster Ovarian cells CHOK1 are one of the most extensively used cells for the evaluation of gene expression and toxicology. However, these cells are frequently used for biomedical research without consideration of their cytogenetic characteristics. Therefore, we carried out to investigate the karyologic profiles, the frequency and type of chromosome aberration, and the distribution of telomeric DNA on chromosomes of the CHOK1 cells. The GTGbanding and fluorescence in situ hybridization on CHOK1 cells were performed to characterize the karyotype and the distribution of telomeric DNA. The present study revealed that the chromosome modal number of CHOK1 cells was 2n=20; eight chromosomes appeared to be identical with those of the normal Chinese hamster, whereas the remaining 12 chromosomes were shown to be translocated, deleted, inversed, or rearranged from Chinese hamster chromosomes. The telomeric DNA on CHOK1 chromosomes was intensively distributed at the centromeres rather than the ends of chromosomes. In addition, three chromosomes had interstitial telomeres and one marker chromosome entirely consisted of telomeric DNAs. The frequency and type of chromosome aberrations in CHOK1 cells were examined. Of the 822 metaphase spreads, 68 (8.3%) cells resulted in chromosome aberrations of which the chromosome breakage was the most frequently occurred.

본 논문의 연구목적은 Choroidal neovascularization (맥락막 신생혈관) 모텔에서 HO-1 발현제와 억제재의 영향을 알아보고자 한다. 30마리의 Brown Norway rat을 각각 10마리씩 세 그룹， Hemin treated group, SnPP treated group, Contorl group으 로 나누어서 실험을 진행하였다. Hemin treat group은 10μmol/kg hemin(Frontier Scientific Inc. USA) 을 SnPP treat group은 10 μmol/kg SnPP(Frontier Scientific Inc. USA)을 laser 시술 2 일에서 14 일까지 복강내 주사하였고 Control군은 0.5 mß씩 식 염 수를 주사하였다. 14 일 후 안저사진촬영과 형광안저촬영을 실시하였다. SnPP treated group에서 Hemin treated group보다 더 많은 선생혈관이 생성되었다. Hemin treated group에서는 맥락막 신생혈관 형성의 정도가 정상대조군에 비교하여 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구의 결과 HO-1 의 inducer 인 Hemin 이 맥락막의 신생혈관 억제에 영향을 미치는 것으로 보여진다.

A noble method was developed for determining indoor greenery ratio through a digital camera and image analysis. Photographs with 10 different exposure compensations level were taken at indoor room using the function of “Partial color (green)” in a digital camera under varied indoor light conditions. RGB photographs were converted into Lab mode using [Image/Mode] function of Photoshop software program. The number of green pixels were calculated within 1 to 127 level (equivalent to -127 to -1 of Hunter a* value) through “Channel a” in [Histogram] function of the software. Greenery ratio was calculated by maximum green pixel number of an exposure compensation in relation to total pixel number, as maximum green pixels number would be obtained under a certain exposure compensation level when it minimizes achromatic color by partially excessive lower or higher light condition within certain area of photograph. When greenery ratio obtained from this method was compared with general greenery calculation of green area through manual selection, coefficient of determination was 0.9852, indicating appropriate greenery ratio estimating method. When applied to vertical planter of veranda and office, greenery ratio varied at 0.53～14.96%. In our experimental condition, error of the function, “Partial color” by the digital camera was within 0.013, while the error of the function, “Channel a” by the software was within 0.005.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different light-emitting diode (LED) on the stress response of workers before and after a flower arrangement (FA) activity. Participants were 16 office workers who performed FA under 7 out of 8 LED lighting conditions: darkness, white (at correlated color temperature of 4,500 K), red, blue, green, magenta, cyan, and yellow; no FA is performed in the darkness condition. To identify significant differences among the different lighting conditions, the heart rate (HR), blood pressure (BP), heart rate variability (HRV) consisting of standard deviation of the normal-normal intervals (SDNN), total power (TP), ratio of the low and high frequency (LF/HF), and blood pressure were measured before and after FA. The salivary cortisol level was analyzed immediately after FA. The correlations among HR, HRV, and cortisol showed that the blue and green lights positively affected stress-responses and caused considerable reduction of stress. However, there was only a minor significant difference among other lighting colors, although individual lights may impact one or more parameters. These findings reflect that the methodologies and results of this study can be effectively used to achieve a highly active horticultural therapy with the constructive assistance of LED lighting colors.

Since sylvian arteriovenous malformations’ (AVMs) arterial feeders are supplied from middle cerebral artery (MCA) branches and their nidus is located adjacent to functional structures, they are challenging lesions to remove surgically. We review the different characteristics of AVMs such as size, flow, feeders, venous drainage, eloquence and therapeutic strategies. With low postoperative morbidity, almost patients achieved favorable outcomes. The author recommend that microsurgery should be selected as the primary treatment for sylvian AVMs. Removal of nidus completely without new neurological impairment is very important in the treatment for sylvian fissure AVMs.

Rice is a staple food for over one-half of the world population, especially in Asian countries. Recently, the growth and yield of crop plants was affected by various abiotic stresses, such as salt, drought, and high temperature due to change of climate environment. To study molecular functions of Oryza sativa nuclear-targeted RING Finger Proteins (OsNRFPs) in response to abiotic stresses, we selected 44 OsNRFPs genes, whose subcelluar localizations are predicted to the nucluear, on the basis of expression patterns of a microarray dataset. A total of 44 OsNRFPs were grouped into two types such as RING-HC and RING-H2 via phylogeneitc analysis of their RING domains structures. Subsequently, we surveyed the expression patterns of 44 genes in response to salt stress via qRT-PCR in roots. We found 10 salt stress-induced OsNRFPs and then examined their subcellular localizations. These genes were clearly localized to the nucleus (OsNRFPHC-10), cytoplasm (OsNRFPHC-17 and OsNRFPH2-16) and microtuble (OsNRFPHC-23, OsNRFPH2-17 and OsNRFPH2-05), respectively. These results might provide a key clue for understanding moleuclar functions of the OsNRFP genes associated with salt stress-related signaling pathway

TILLING (Targeting Induced Local Lesions IN Genomes) is broadly regarded as an excellent methodology for reverse genetics applications. Approximately 15,000 M3 TILLING lines have been developed via the application of gamma-ray irradiation to rice seeds (cv. Donganbyeo), followed by subsequent selections. In an effort to evaluate the genetic diversity of the TILLING population, we have employed the AFLP multiple dominant marker technique. A total of 96 (0.64%) TILLING lines as well as Donganbyeo were selected randomly and their genetic diversity was assessed based on AFLP marker polymorphisms using 5 primer combinations. An average of 100.4 loci in a range of 97 to 106 was detected using these primer combinations, yielding a total of 158 (31.4%) polymorphic loci between Donganbyeo and each of the 96 lines. A broad range of similarity from 80% to 96% with an average of 89.4% between Donganbyeo and each of the 96 lines was also observed, reflecting the genetic diversity of the TILLING population. Approximately 28 polymorphic loci have been cloned and their sequences were BLAST-searched against rice whole genome sequences, resulting in 20 matches to each of the gene bodies including exon, intron, 1 kb upstream and 1 kb downstream regions. Six polymorphic loci evidenced changes in the coding regions of genes as compared to the rice pseudomolecules, 4 loci of which exhibited missense mutations and 2 loci of which exhibited silent mutations. Therefore, the results of our study show that the TILLING rice population should prove to be a useful genetic material pool for functional genomics as well as mutation breeding applications.

TILLING (Targeting Induced local Lesions IN Genomes) is known to be an excellent methodology for reverse genetics approach. About 15,000 M3 TILLING lines have been developed after gamma-ray irradiation to the rice seeds of Donganbye. In order to assess genetic diversity of the TILLING population. we have employed a multiple dominant marker technique, such as AFLP. A total of 96 (0.64%) lines including Dongganbye were randomly selected and their genetic diversity was assessed on the basis of AFLP marker polymorphism by using 5 primer combinations. An average of 100.4 loci with a range of 97 to 106 were detected by using the primer combinations, resulting in 173 (34.6%) polymorphic loci among 96 lines. A broad range of similarities with 80% to 96% was evidenced between Donganbye and each of 96 TILLING lines, reflecting genetic diversity of the TILLING population. About 30 polymorphic loci have been cloned and their sequences have been blasted against rice whole genome sequences. The sequences evidenced highly significant matches to each of genes including exons and introns, upstream sequences and downstream of genes, and intergeneic sequences. Therefore, the TILLING rice population would be valuable genetic sources for rice functional genomics.