Salmonella는 전 세계적으로 위장관 질환을 일으키는 주 요 식중독 원인균 중 하나이다. 본 연구에서는 국내 유통 닭고기에서 분리된 Salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar Enteritidis (S. Enteritidis) IJCS4-13 균주에 대해 WGS를 이용한 유전체 분석을 진행하였다. 해당 균주의 유전체는 4,678,812 bp 크기의 원형 염색체 (G+C 함량 52.17%)와 59,372 bp 크기의 플라스미드 (G+C 함량 51.96%)로 구성되어 있었다. 유전체 분석 결과, 총 147개 의 병원성 관련 유전자를 확인하였다. 이들 유전자는 부 착, 침입, 대식세포 내 생존, 스트레스 적응 등 다양한 병 원성 기전에 관여하는 것으로 알려져있다. 따라서 본 균 주는 다수의 병원성 인자를 보유하고 있어 높은 독력 잠 재력을 지니고 있음을 시사한다. 본 연구에서 보고한 유 전체 정보는 S. Enteritidis의 병원성 메커니즘 규명 및 식 품 매개 감염병 관리에 중요한 기초 자료를 제공할 것이다.

Between July 2024 and July 2025, we collected spleen samples from 119 wild rodents captured across various zoogeographical regions of Gwangju City, Republic of Korea, to screen for major zoonotic pathogens, including Anaplasma, Babesia, Bartonella, Borrelia, Coxiella, Ehrlichia, and Rickettsia species. Of these, 13 samples (10.92%) tested positive for Bartonella spp. The positive samples were cultured on blood agar, resulting in eight bacterial isolates. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) gene sequencing and phylogenetic analysis confirmed all Bartonella-positive samples as B. grahamii. Antibiotic susceptibility testing revealed that all B. grahamii isolates exhibited multidrug resistance (MDR) to ciprofloxacin, nalidixic acid, cefoxitin, streptomycin, and tetracycline, and showed intermediate resistance to ampicillin. In contrast, the isolates were susceptible to ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, imipenem, gentamicin, amikacin, azithromycin, chloramphenicol, and trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. These findings provide essential baseline data on the presence and resistance patterns of B. grahamii in wild rodent populations inhabiting peri-urban environments. The detection of MDR Bartonella strains underscores a potential public health concern, particularly regarding zoonotic spillover via ectoparasites such as ticks. Sustained molecular surveillance and antimicrobial resistance monitoring are warranted to mitigate future zoonotic threats.

This case report describes a 40-year-old captive male hippopotamus exhibiting systemic clinical signs, including anorexia and coughing, prior to death. Despite comprehensive medical treatments, the animal died due to age-related immunodepression, which led to severe pneumonia. Necropsy and subsequent histopathological examination revealed severe acute diffuse seropurulent bronchopneumonia, right ventricular hypertrophy, hepatic congestion, and glomerulonephritis. These findings highlight the vulnerability of geriatric large animals to systemic infections and emphasize the need for improved pathological understanding and the development of evidence-based treatment protocols for these less-studied species like the hippopotamus. To enhance disease management and veterinary care for aging zoo animals, future research should prioritize gut microbiome analysis and antimicrobial resistance profiling.

Emerging RNA viruses continue to pose serious threats to animal and human health, necessitating the development of broad-spectrum antiviral agents within a One Health framework. In this study, we evaluated the antiviral potential of Desmodesmus multivariabilis extracts against three representative RNA viruses: influenza A virus (IAV), porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), and hepatitis A virus (HAV). Extracts derived from four closely related microalgal isolates were tested using pre- and post-treatment protocols in vitro. Among them, strain ME749 demonstrated the most potent and consistent antiviral activity, with low cytotoxicity and high selectivity index (SI), particularly against IAV (SI = 23.8), followed by PEDV (SI = 10.7) and HAV (SI = 6.2). ME752 also showed moderate antiviral efficacy. RT-qPCR confirmed significant reductions in viral RNA levels for all three viruses, with ME749 achieving up to 3-log₁₀ reduction in IAV and 2.4-log₁₀ reduction in HAV. These results suggest that the antiviral effect may be mediated through mechanisms beyond direct virucidal activity, potentially involving host immune modulation. Although the active compounds remain unidentified, carotenoids are hypothesized as key bioactive components. This study highlights Desmodesmus multivariabilis, particularly ME749, as a promising source of novel, natural antiviral agents with applications in both veterinary and zoonotic disease control. Future studies including metabolomic profiling, mechanism-of-action analyses, and in vivo validation are warranted to further explore its potential in combating current and emerging RNA virus threats.

Lumpy Skin Disease (LSD) and Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) cause substantial economic losses on the livestock industry. Therefore, vaccinations have been implemented as the control strategy in endemic countries. However, the potential adverse effects of administering vaccines for both diseases simultaneously have not been thoroughly evaluated. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of vaccinating dairy cows with either or both LSD and FMD vaccines on milk production and physiological parameters such as milk temperature, rumination time and body weight. The experimental groups were divided into four according to the injection materials: 1) saline, 2) LSD vaccine, 3) FMD vaccine, and 4) both vaccines. The impact of vaccination on milk yield and physiological parameters was evaluated daily until 12 days post-vaccination, and milk components were analyzed twice, once per week. Among the experimental groups as well as each vaccine group, no statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) were observed at milk yield, milk components, or milk temperature. This suggests that simultaneous vaccination of LSD and FMD can be administered without adverse effects.

Maturity at harvest is the key factor influencing storage life and the final quality of fruit. This study examined how the firmness of ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit at harvest affects its post-ripening characteristics to create a maturity chart. Throughout the storage period, firmness decreased in all categories of fruit: hard, medium, and soft. ‘Soft’ fruits lost 40% of their firmness within 2 days after harvest, whereas ‘hard’ fruits remained firmer than soft fruits throughout the storage period and had the least soluble solids content, indicating a slower ripening progression. The acidity of ‘soft’ kiwifruit was very low from the day of harvest, suggesting that it was utilized as a respiratory substrate during ripening. The a-values (indicating redness) for ‘soft’ fruits gradually increased until day 6, stabilizing thereafter. ‘Soft’ fruits exhibited the highest ethylene production rate throughout storage. They showed a climacteric rise in ethylene on day 13, compared to ‘medium’ and ‘hard’ fruits, which exhibited increases on days 19 and 21, respectively. This data can help determine the optimal ethylene treatment duration for ripening ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit. The firmness of ‘Sweet Gold’ kiwifruit at harvest is a crucial factor in determining its marketability and can effectively serve as a maturity index to estimate its shelf life.

고추온실에서 꽃노랑총채벌레(Frankliniella occidentalis)의 이항표본추출법을 개발하였다. 무작위로 선택된 고추를 상, 중 하단으로 나누어, 각 구간에서 세 개의 꽃에 있는 꽃노랑총채벌레를 70% 에탄올이 든 바이알에 털어서 채취한뒤 실체현미경 하에서 밀도를 확인하였다. 꽃노랑총채 벌레의 평균밀도와 3가지 Tally threshold (1, 3, 5) 밀도 이상인 감염비율(PT)간의 이항관계 모형을 평가하여 개발하고 검증하였다. 꽃노랑총채벌 레의 이항표본조사를 위한 최적의 Tally threshold는 3으로 나타났다. 개발된 이항표본추출법의 검증은 이항표본추출법 개발에 사용되지 않은 독 립적 자료를 사용해서 RVSP (Resampling Validation for Sampling Plan) 프로그램으로 진행했으며, 고정 표본 크기(FSS)와 Wald의 순차적 확률비 검정(SPRT)을 사용했다. FSS는 Tally threshold를 3으로, SPRT는 상한값 0.55와 하한값 0.32로 설정해 1000번의 시뮬레이션을 수행했 다. 시뮬레이션 결과 실제 평균과 예측 평균 간의 차이가 없었으므로 개발된 이항표본조사법이 효과적인 것으로 나타났다.

정원과 대조구 간 열 환경 요소의 차이와 정원 구성 요소 간 열 환경과 열 스트레스 지수의 차이에 대한 결과는 다음과 같다. 정원과 대조구 간 열 환경 요소의 시계열 변화에서 대기 온도의 차이는 0.8°C에서 2.4°C까지 나타났고, 흑구 온도는 4.4°C까 지 나타났으며, WBGT는 1.6°C 차이가 나타났다. 대조구에 비 해 정원의 열 환경이 모든 온도에서 낮게 나타난 것이다. 특히, 대조구와 정원의 온도 증가 폭을 비교해 보면, 정원에서 모두 온도의 완만한 증가 폭을 확인할 수 있었다. 정원이 급격한 온도 차이는 만들어낼 수 없으나, 소규모 녹지를 활용한 지속적인 온도 조절에 효과를 보일 수 있겠다. 이용객이 느끼는 열 스트레 스 지수도 정원에서 낮게 나타나 정원이 열 쾌적감 증진 역할을 할 수 있다고 판단된다. 정원 구성 요소에 따른 열 환경 변화를 비교하였을 때, 목재 소재의 시설물이 표면 온도가 높았고, 녹지 에 의해서 생긴 그늘이 온도 차이를 줄일 수 있는 요소가 되었다. 실외 미기후를 대상으로, 정원 입지 환경 중에 하나인 건물에 의한 그늘과 녹지 그늘이 열 스트레스 지수인 UTCI에서 동일하 게 ‘moderate’ 수준을 나타냈다. 즉, 건물 그늘의 일사 차단 효과로 인해 열 쾌적감이 증진되는데, 건물이 없는 소규모 녹지 에서도 교목과 초지 식재로 열 쾌적감 증진에 효과를 높일 수 있다. 이와 같이 정원 구성 요소에 미기후 조절 효과에 관련이 있는 요소를 선정하였을 때, 건물→수목→주변 포장재→정원 포 장재→시설물의 순서로 정원 입지 선정과 구성 요소 선택에 활 용할 수 있는 가이드를 마련할 수 있을 것이다.

The AlSi10Mg alloy has garnered significant attention for its application in laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF), due to its lightweight properties and good printability using L-PBF. However, the low production speed of the L-PBF process is the main bottleneck in the industrial commercialization of L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy parts. Furthermore, while L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy exhibits excellent mechanical properties, the properties are often over-specified compared to the target properties of parts traditionally fabricated by casting. To accelerate production speed in L-PBF, this study investigated the effects of process parameters on the build rate and mechanical properties of the AlSi10Mg alloy. Guidelines are proposed for high-speed additive manufacturing of the AlSi10Mg alloy for use in automotive parts. The results show a significant increase in the build rate, exceeding the conventional build rate by a factor of 3.6 times or more, while the L-PBF AlSi10Mg alloy met the specifications for automotive prototype parts. This strategy can be expected to offer significant cost advantages while maintaining acceptable mechanical properties of topology-optimized parts used in the automobile industry.