This study investigated the photosynthetic responses of the CAM ornamental plant Schlumbergera truncata ‘Pink Dew’ under low-temperature greenhouse conditions to evaluate the potential for energy-saving cultivation. Greenhouse production requires substantial energy for heating, and reducing temperature is a possible strategy to save energy. However, low temperatures can suppress photosynthesis and plant growth. CAM plants, which absorb CO2 mainly at night, may respond differently to temperature, making it important to determine temperature ranges that maintain carbon assimilation while reducing energy use. Plants were grown in a greenhouse at average temperatures of 15/11°C (January, early flowering) and 21/12°C (March, late flowering). Gas exchange, chlorophyll fluorescence (Fv/Fm), and growth characteristics were measured, with comparisons made between top and second phylloclades. Results showed that during the early-flowering period, total net CO2 uptake was negative, indicating suppressed carbon assimilation under low temperature. During the late-flowering period, net CO2 uptake became positive, suggesting recovery of photosynthetic activity as temperatures increased. The second phylloclades generally exhibited higher CO2 uptake than the top phylloclades. The maximum quantum yield of PSII (Fv/Fm) increased from early to late flowering but remained below optimal values, indicating that plants experienced low temperature stress but maintained moderate photosynthetic function, suggesting some degree of acclimation. Morphological observations showed phylloclade discoloration and occasional lesions, which were consistent with symptoms of cold stress, although plants continued to grow and produce flower buds. Overall, the results indicate that low temperatures below the optimal range can suppress photosynthesis in S. truncata, but the plants retain a capacity for acclimation and recovery. These findings contribute to understanding the temperature sensitivity of CAM photosynthesis and may help define energy-saving temperature strategies in greenhouse cultivation.

In this paper, we describe the control of safely grasping various objects using a three-finger gripper. An experimental device was constructed for the characteristic experiment of a three-finger gripper, a control system for closed-loop control was constructed, and experiments were conducted to obtain proportional gain and differential gain experimentally. As a result of the experiment, the proportional gain of the three-finger gripper was Kp=0.25, and the differential gain was Kd=5.0. As a result of the special experiment, the rising time was within 0.31 seconds, the steady-state error was within ±0.02 N, and the overshoot was within 0.03 N. By applying this to control the gripping force, it was possible to safely grip various objects. Therefore, we believe that applying the control method of this study to a three-finger gripper will enable it to grasp various objects safely.

This study aims to reinterpret the four components of fashion store Visual Merchandising Design (VMD)-Visual Presentation (VP), Point of Purchase Presentation (PP), Item Presentation (IP), and Experience Presentation (EP)-through the lens of affordance theory. It explores how phygital retail environments stimulate consumer experiences and interactions. As the boundaries between online and offline retail become increasingly fluid, VMD no longer functions merely as a visual display but as an experiential medium that integrates sensory, interactive, and emotional dimensions of fashion consumption. This study examines four flagship stores opened or renewed within the past three years - Gentle Monster House Nowhere Dosan (2025), Ader Error Seongsu Space (2024), Musinsa Standard Seongsu (2023), and Nike Gangnam (2024). Field observations were conducted to document circulation paths, display configurations, and the integration of interactive technologies. Observations were complemented by analysis of brand archives and professional media sources to understand each space's experiential intent. The collected data were coded into physical, perceptual, and social affordance categories and comparatively analyzed. The results reveal that phygital fashion stores reinforce action-oriented affordances through participatory design elements, enhance sensory immersion by combining material and digital stimuli, and expand social affordances through community-based and digitally connected spaces. These findings suggest that the VP-PP-IP-EP framework should evolve from a visually centered approach to a consumer experience-centered model. In conclusion, the study redefines VMD as an experiential medium mediated by affordances and provides strategic insights for designing immersive and interactive retail environments in the phygital era.

장미 ‘Sahara’는 국립원예특작과학원에서 2022년에 육성한 분홍톤 아이보리 스프레이 장미 품종으로 2013년 빨간색 스프레 이 품종 ‘Fangfare’에 아이보리색 스프레이 품종 ‘Vivien’을 부본으로 인공 교배 하였다. 총 73개의 교배 실생을 얻었으며 2015년부터 1, 2, 3차 특성검정을 통해,화색과 화형이 안정적이 며 생산성 및 절화 특성이 우수한 ‘원교 D1-360’을 최종 선발하 여 2022년 ‘Sahara’로 명명하고 국립종자원에 품종보호 출원· 등록하였다(등록번호 제9771호). 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종은 분홍톤 크림색(155D)의 꽃잎수는 71.5매인 겹꽃으로 화폭과 화고는 각각 4.9, 3.1cm이며 소화수가 7.4개/줄기인 스프레이 장미이 다. 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종의 절화장은 평균 73.8cm로 대조 품종 ‘Pink shin’56.9cm 대비 길며, 절화 수명은 약 17.8일로 ‘Pink shin’ 15.6일 보다 2일 정도 길다. ‘Sahara’는 절화 생산량은 연간 168본/m2로 ‘Pink Shine’ 140본 대비 생산량이 많다. 전자코를 이용한 PCA분석결과 주성분1과 2는 각각 99.3%와 0.6%로 전체 변이량의 99.9%를 반영하고 있다. Rader plot 분석결과 P10/2,P40/1 및 T30/1 센서 반응이 높았으며 총 6개 센서에서 모두 ‘Sahara’는 대조품종 ‘Pink Shine’에 비해 반응이 낮았다. 절화용 스프레이 장미 ‘Sahara’ 품종은 파스텔톤 의 중형 소화로, 균일한 절화 품질 및 우수한 수량으로 재배농가 의 선호도가 높아 국내에서 많이 재배될 것으로 기대된다.

Bone-related diseases (e.g., osteoporosis) represent a significant health challenge, prompting research for effective therapeutic agents, particularly from natural sources. The edible mushroom, Mycoleptodonoides aitchisonii has attracted interest due to its wide range of biological activities. Cytotoxicity assays revealed no significant toxicity of the M. aitchisonii water extract (MAWE) up to 50 μg/mL. MAWE significantly promoted dose-dependent osteoblast differentiation with ALP activity and mineralization increase by 109.17 % and 23 %, respectively, compared with the differentiation-only group. Moreover, MAWE significantly upregulated osteoblast-related gene expressions, including that of type I collagen (COL1A), osterix (Osx), and osteopontin (OPN). Furthermore, MAWE treatment significantly increased AMPK phosphorylation. This effect was further confirmed by demonstrating that the AMPK inhibitor compound C suppressed AMPK phosphorylation, and subsequent MAWE treatment restored it. In summary, these results demonstrate that MAWE possesses potent osteoblast differentiation-promoting efficacy, primarily through AMPK signaling pathway activation.