Resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporin in Enterobacteriaceae is increasingly prevalent in South Korea. This study aims to explore the distribution of AmpC genes in Proteus mirabilis isolated from stray and hospital-admitted companion animals in South Korea. AmpC β-lactamases hold clinical significance due to its potential to facilitate antimicrobial resistance to cefoxitin, cefazolin, and most penicillins. A total of 163 bacterial isolates belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family were collected from dogs (n = 158) and cats (n=5). Of them, 134 isolates were from hospital-admitted animals, while 29 isolates from stray animals. Boronic acid tests and antimicrobial susceptibility tests were conducted for an initial screening to detect AmpC β-lactamase resistant P. mirabilis. Gene-specific PCRs were conducted to identify the type of AmpC genes, which include six groups (MOXM, CITM, DHAM, ACCM, EBCM, and FOXM), in the resistant isolates. The boronic acid disk tests revealed 45 (27.6%) positive isolates out of 163 isolates tested. Of these 45 isolates, six were determined to harbor the EBCM gene, 13 for CITM, one for FOXM, and one for DHAM by single detection PCR. No isolates carried for ACCM or MOXM. Thus, a total of 21 out of 163 isolates (12.9%) were demonstrated to possess AmpC genes. No isolates contain more than one group of AmpC gene family. A significantly higher percentage of P. mirabilis was found to possess AmpC genes compared to past studies. Therefore, the increasing trend in antimicrobial resistance in P. mirabilis indicates a dire need to monitor antimicrobial prescription in the veterinary field.

Cymbidium ‘Aroma Pink’는 국립원예특작과학원에서 2017년 도에 육성한 신품종으로, 2000년에 C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’과 C. eburneum을 인공교배하여 개발된 품종이다. 교배 후 기내파종과 하우스 순화를 통해 120개의 실생묘를 얻었고, 그 중 화색, 엽형, 꽃대 및 생육특성 등을 고려하여 3계통을 1차 선발하였고, 2011년부터 2016년까지 특성 검정을 통하여 품종의 안정성과 균일성을 확인하였다. 그 결과, 최종적으로 ‘00-1174-100’한 계통을 선발하였고 ‘원교 F1-62’로 계통명을 부 여한 후, ‘Aroma Pink’로 명명하였다. ‘Aroma Pink’ 품종은 백 색 바탕에 꽃받침 일부가 연한 분홍색, 순판 가운데가 노란색 을 띄며 화형은 꽃잎과 꽃받침이 약간 안쪽으로 오므라드는 안 아피기 형태이며 꽃의 길이와 폭은 6.1cm, 5.2cm로 작은 편이다. 전체적으로 동그란 화형과 중형종 크기는 모본인 C. Lucky Rainbow ‘Lapin Hot’과 유사하나 진한 적색 순판 대신 부본의 노란색 순판과 화색을 닮아 강렬한 느낌보다는 전체적으로 화 사한 느낌을 준다. 꽃대는 평균 2.9개 발생하고 화서당 꽃 수 가 6.5개로 적은 편에 속하지만, 부본인 C. eburneum 원종의 향기를 가지고 있다. 또한 직립한 꽃대에 늘어짐이 적은 잎을 가져 전체적으로 안정적인 형태를 이루며 개화시기는 3월경으 로 만생종에 속한다. 한편 고온에 의해 화색이 탁해질 수 있 으나, 전반적으로 재배 관리가 용이한 편이다.

농촌진흥청 국립원예특작과학원에서는 2017년에 절화 수명이 길고 수량이 많은 연한 핑크색의 스프레이 장미 ‘Pink Shine’ 을 육성하였다. 모본은 ‘Fire Flash’로 붉은 복색의 스프레이 장미이며, 부본은 ‘Pink Charm’으로 핑크색이며 흰가루병에 강하다. 이 두 품종을 2012년 인공교배하여 이듬해인 2013년 1월에 파종, 9cm 포트 묘에 정식하여 관능 평가 실시 후 도태시켜 39개체 의 실생을 얻었다. 이후 화형, 화색, 꽃잎 수, 절화수량, 병 저항성 등을 고려하여 2015년까지 5개체를 선발하여 유사 품종인 ‘Missha’를 대조로 하여 2017년까지 3차에 걸친 특성 검정을 실시하였다. 그 결과 가장 우수한 ‘원교 D1-325’를 최종선발하여 ‘Pink Shine’으로 명명 후 2018년 3월 22일 품종보호출원(제 2018-212호)하여 2019년 6월 21일에 품종보호권(제7786호)이 등록되었다. 화색은 연한 핑크색(RHS, R36D)이며 잎의 색은 녹색(RHS, G137A)으로 대조 품종 ‘Missha’와 동일하였다. 꽃잎 수는 67.8개, 화폭 5.4cm, 화고 3.2cm로 ‘Missha’보다 컸으며 평방미터당 연간 절화수량은 131본, 절화수명은 15.3일로 ‘Missha’ 보다 우수하였다.

상선에 당직사관으로 승선하기 위한 해기사는 승선 전 해기사로서 갖추어야 할 적절한 자격요건을 국제규정에 맞게 충족시켜야 한다. 해사영어 활용 능력은 이와 관련한 중요한 요소 중 하나이다. 해기 교육 과정에 입교한 학생들은 교내 수업을 통해 선박과 관련된 영 문 서류, 검사 문서 그리고 사고 보고서에 이르기까지 다양한 상황에 대한 해사영어활용능력을 습득하게 되며 이를 통해 일반 영어뿐만이 아닌 실무에서 사용되는 해사분야 전문 용어 및 특수 문장까지 학습하게 된다. 하지만 선박 및 해운산업의 특수성으로 인해 해사영어를 포함한 해기 지식이 전달되고 또 평가되는 데에는 많은 제약이 존재한다. 해당 연구는 항시 접속 가능한 해사영어 학습 및 시험 플랫폼의 활용을 기반으로 학생들의 학습 결과를 측정하고 이를 통한 교육 효과를 조사하였다. 실험은 승선실습 과정에 참여한 실습항해사를 두 집단으로 나누어 진행되었다. 한 집단은 해사영어 학습 및 평가 플랫폼을 활용하였고 다른 한 집단은 해사영어 학습 및 평가 플랫폼을 활용하지 않았다. 6주의 실험을 통한 최종 시험 결과 두 집단 간 해사영어 시험성적에 유의한 차이가 발생하였으며 이를 통해 해사영어 학습 및 평가 플랫폼의 활용이 해사영어 시험 점수에 유의미한 점수 차이를 가져오는 것을 확인하였다. 또한 학생들의 개인 학습시간을 조사하여 그 교 육 효과를 정량화하였으며 나아가 추후 연구에 대한 개선방향을 제시하고자 하였다. 해당 연구는 해사 교육 분야에 다양하게 적용하여 활 용할 수 있는 학습 플랫폼 활용 효능을 조사하였으며 향후 해사영어 교육 외에 그 범위를 넓혀 활용될 수 있을 것으로 사료된다.

Stroke is a health problem experienced by many elderly people around the world. Stroke has a devastating effect on quality of life, causing death or disability. Hemiplegia is clearly an early sign of a stroke and can be detected through patterns of body balance and gait. The goal of this study was to determine various feature vectors of foot pressure and gait parameters of patients with stroke through the use of a wearable sensor and to compare the gait parameters with those of healthy elderly people. To monitor the participants at all times, we used a simple measuring device rather than a medical device. We measured gait data of 220 healthy people older than 65 years of age and of 63 elderly patients who had experienced stroke less than 6 months earlier. The center of pressure and the acceleration during standing and gait-related tasks were recorded by a wearable insole sensor worn by the participants. Both the average acceleration and the maximum acceleration were significantly higher in the healthy participants (p < .01) than in the patients with stroke. Thus gait parameters are helpful for determining whether they are patients with stroke or normal elderly people.

PURPOSES : It is well known that low temperature cracking is one of the most serious distresses on asphalt pavement, especially for northern U.S. (including Alaska), Canada and the northern part of south Korea. The risk of thermal cracking can be numerically measured by estimating thermal stress of a given asphalt mixture. This thermal stress can be computed by low temperature creep testing. Currently, in-direct tensile (IDT) mixture creep test mentioned in AASHTO specification is used for measuring low temperature creep properties of a given asphalt mixture. However, IDT requires the use of expensive testing equipment for performing the sophisticated analysis process, however, very few laboratories utilize this equipment. In this paper, a new and simple performance test (SPT) method: bending beam rheometer (BBR) mixture creep testing equipment is introduced, and the estimated experimental results were compared with those of conventional IDT tests. METHODS: Three different asphalt mixtures containing reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) and roofing shingles were prepared in the Korea Expressway Corporation (KEC) research laboratory. Using the BBR and IDT, the low temperature creep stiffness data were measured and subsequently computed. Using a simple power-law function, the creep stiffness data were converted into relaxation modulus, and subsequently compared. Finally, thermal stress results were computed from relaxation modulus master curve using Gaussian quadrature approach with condierations of 24 Gauss number. RESULTS: In the case of the conventional asphalt mixture, similar trends were observed when the relaxation modulus and thermal stress results were compared. In the case of RAP and Shingle added mixtures, relatively different computation results were obtained. It can be estimated that different experimental surroundings and specimen sizes affected the results. CONCLUSIONS: It can be said that the BBR mixture creep test can be a more viable approach for measuring low temperature properties of asphalt mixture compared to expensive and complex IDT testing methods. However, more extensive research and analysis are required to further verify the feasibility of the BBR mixture creep test.

The periodic occurrence of biological population is affected by several biological and environmental factors and ancient literature survey offers insight into ecological process related to the cyclicity. The periodic occurrence of a Lepidopteran species, the pine caterpillar (Dendrolimus spectabilis), was estimated based on ancient literature survey. The pine caterpillar was one of the most injurious defoliators of pine trees in northeast Asia, especially Korea during 1960s and 1970s. Outbreaks of this species have long history in Korea. Since about 900 years ago, damages of pine forest by this species and its control were recorded both in History of Corea dynasty which cover 475 years (918-1392) of the history of the Corea Dynasty and in the Annals of Joseon Dynasty (Joseon Wangjo Shillok) which cover 472 years (1392-1863) of the history of the Joseon Dynasty, respectively. At least over 20 and 30 occurrences of pine caterpillar were recorded during Corea dynasty and Joseon Dynasty, respectively. These results showed that the pine caterpillar had been one of the most severe forest pests during Corea and Joseon Dynasty. Our result showed that the ancient literature survey is useful to understand the long-term periodic occurrence of the pine caterpillar.

This study was conducted aiming to figure out two things. First, knowledge of the change in spatial distribution of Tetranychus urticae depending on how to control it (using pesticide or natural enemy). Second, spatial association of T. urticae and Phytoseiulus persimilis in biocontrol plot (B.P). The data was analyzed by spatial analysis by distance indices (SADIE) using global aggregation index, Ia . Ia values were 0.77-1.37 in conventional plot (C.P) and 0.88-1.68 in B.P, respectively. However, the fluctuation level of Ia in B.P was higher than C.P. Therefore, the results indicated that there was a clear spatial pattern change in B.P, i.e. prey’s spatial distribution is affected by natural enemy. And spatial association analysis showed that T. urticae and P. persimilis have positively associated. It means that T. urticae is relatively low mobile prey, and P. persimilis is relatively high mobile predator.