Selenium (Se), a vital trace element found naturally, plays a pivotal role for human being in low concentrations. Notably, within the spectrum of essential elements, Se possesses the most restricted range between the dietary deficiency (< 40 μg day-1) and the acute toxicity (> 400 μg day-1). Therefore, it is of paramount importance to maintain bioavailable Se levels within permissible limits in our drinking water sources. Among the various Se species, inorganic variants such as selenite (SeO3 2-) and selenate (SeO4 2-) are highly water-soluble, with SeO3 2- being notably more toxic than SeO4 2-. Consequently, the primary focus lies in effectively sequestering SeO3 2- from aquatic environments. Numerous methods have been investigated for SeO3 2- adsorption, including the use of metal oxides and carbon-based materials. Especially, iron oxides have garnered extensive attention due to their water stability and environmentally friendly properties. Nevertheless, their limited surface area and insufficient adsorption sites impose constraints on their efficacy as materials for SeO3 2- removal. Recently, metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), composed of metal centers bridged by organic linkers have increasingly focused as promising adsorbents for SeO3 2- removal, offering significant advantages such as large surface areas, high porosities, and structural versatility. Furthermore, there is a growing interest in defective MOFs, where intentional defects are introduced into the MOF structure. This deliberate introduction of defects aims to enhance the adsorption capacity by increasing the number of available adsorption sites. In this context, herein, we present the Fe-BTC (BTC = 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid) synthesized via a post-synthetic metal-ion metathesis (PSMM) approach, which is one of the defect engineering methods applied to metal sites. We employ the well-established MOF, HKUST-1, known for its substantial surface area, as the pristine MOF. While the pristine MOF has a crystalline phase, during the PSMM process, Fe-BTC is transformed into an amorphous phase by allowing the introduction of numerous metal defect sites. These introduced metal defect sites serve as Lewis acidic sites, enhancing the adsorption capability for selenite. Furthermore, despite its amorphous nature, Fe-BTC exhibits a substantial surface area and porosity comparable to that of the crystalline pristine MOF. Consequently, Fe-BTC, distinguished by its numerous adsorption sites and its high porosity, demonstrates a remarkable capacity for selenite adsorption.

Owing to the rapid rise of global energy demands, the operation of nuclear power plants is still indispensable. However, following the nuclear accident at Fukushima-Daiichi in 2011, the secure sequestration of radioactive waste has become critical for ensuring safe operations. Among various forms of nuclear wastes, capturing radioactive organic iodide (ROIs, e.g., methyl iodide, ethyl iodide, and propyl iodide) as one of the important species in gas phase waste has been challenged owing to the insufficient sorbent materials. The environmental release of ROIs with high volatility can give rise to adverse effects, including the accumulation of these substances in the thyroid and the development of conditions such as hypothyroidism and thyroid cancer. Compared to an iodine molecule, ROIs exhibit low affinity for conventional sorbents such as Ag@mordenite zeolite and triethylenediamine-impregnated activated carbon (TED@AC), resulting in lower sorption rates and capacities. Furthermore, in conditions resembling practical adsorption environments with high humidity, the presence of H2O significantly impedes the adsorption process, leading to a nearly complete cessation of adsorption. To address these issues, metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) can be effective alternative sorbents owing to their high surface area and designable and tailorable pore properties. In addition, the wellfined crystalline structures of MOFs render in-depth study on the structure-properties relationship. However, there has been limited research on the adsorption of ROIs using MOFs, with the majority of adsorption processes relying on highly reversible physisorption. This type of ROIs adsorption not only exists in a precarious state that is susceptible to volatilization but also exhibits significantly reduced adsorption capabilities in humid environments. Thus, for the secure adsorption of the volatile ROIs, the development of sorbents capable of chemisorption is highly desirable. In this study, we focused on ROIs adsorption by electrophilic aromatic substitution with the electron-rich m-DOBDC4− (m-DOBDC4− = 4,6-dioxo-1,3-benzenedicarboxylate) present in Co2(m -DOBDC). The chemisorption of ROIs via electrophilic aromatic substitution not only leads to the formation of C-C bonds, ensuring stability but also triggers color changes in the crystal by interacting with open-metal sites and iodide ions. Leveraging these advantages, we developed an infrared radiation-based sensing method that demonstrates superior performance, exhibiting high adsorption capacities and rates, even under the challenging conditions of high-humidity practical environments.

본 연구는 라캉의 이론을 통해 학교 상담의 한계와 발전 방향에 대해서 논의한 이론적인 연구이다. 본 고에서 말하는 라캉의 이론은 인간의 정신세계를 구성하는 상상계, 상징계, 실재계, 보르메오 매듭으로 설 명될 수 있다. 각각의 계들이 정상적으로 작용하지 못했을 경우에는 정신적인 고통을 유발할 수 있는 환 경을 발생시키지만, 또한 이를 극복하는 대안으로서 삶의 철학을 탄생시키는 토대가 된다. 청소년들은 상 상계의 작용으로서 자아의 무지와 상징계의 작용으로서 학교 환경의 상징적 폭력 등에 의해 발생하는 정 신적인 고통을 극복하지 못하고 있다. 그렇기 때문에 청소년들에게는 라캉이 제시하는 삶의 철학이 필요 하다. 삶의 철학은 분리를 통해 개인의 존재의 결여에 대해 이해하고 진정한 고유의 욕망을 발현하도록 도와주는 것이다. 그 중에서도 삶의 철학을 실천해야 하는 분야는 학교 상담 분야라고 할 수 있을 것이다. 왜냐하면 학교 상담은 학생들의 정신적·신체적인 건강한 발달과 성장을 도와주는 핵심적인 영역에 있기 때문이다. 그러나 현재의 학교 상담은 한계점을 가지고 있다. 첫째, 상담의 중점이 자아라는 사실이다. 둘 째, 청소년 소외의 극대화를 가지고 온다는 것이다. 셋째, 상담은 환경적인 영역에 이해가 부족하다는 사 실이다. 이러한 한계점을 가진 학교 상담은 라캉의 이론으로 치료가 아닌 치유를 지향해야만 한다. 청소년 들이 주체적으로 자아의 허구를 이해하고, 상징적인 폭력으로부터 자유롭게 벗어나 자신의 진정한 삶을 배우고 이해할 수 있도록 구성되어야 할 것이다.

Measuring body size with a 3D scanner can reduce inter-measurer variability and provide better accuracy compared to using a traditional methods of measurement (Park, Nam, & Park, 2009). Many size measurement projects (or studies) that measure body size established a size measurement method prior to the development of a 3D scanner and automatic size measurement programs that produce 3D virtual body size measurements (Park, &Nam, 2012). Size data measured through an automatic size measurement program are more accurate and have a lower variability that is more appropriate for body measurements (Han, & Nam, 2004; Nam, Choi, Jung, & Yun, 2004). However, this method is limited to healthy subjects who can maintain a correct posture in a 3D scanner. It is difficult for the elderly to maintain the correct posture for body measurements in ‘Basic Human Body Measurements for Technological Design’ of ISO 7250(1997). Body measurement definitions are based on vertical and horizontal directions consequently, it is hard to measure those with a bent body type even if they stand in a correct posture. Most body measurement items are automatically measured in vertical and horizontal directions because current automatic size measurement programs utilize algorithms based on typical body measurement definitions. The size measurement method based on a vertical and horizontal directions tends to have a problem for elderly individuals with a bent body type who have difficulty maintaining a correct posture for 3D scanning as defined in ISO 7250(1997)(Ashdown, & Na, 2008).This study analyzes the problem of present auto-measurement programs that use elderly’s 3D body scan data. We conducted a comparative analysis of elderly’s body sizes using an auto-measurement program from virtual 3D body scan data and direct measurement with traditional measurement methods. We establish 34 typical body size measurements for the use of data from 464 males and 472 females (total 936) between the ages of 70 to 85. For error analysis, data separated to normal values and outliers compared with ISO 20655(2003). ISO 20685 defines the accuracy of extracted measurements by classification and measurement type (segment lengths, body height/breaths/depth, large/small circumferences, and head/hand/foot dimensions). The majority of outliers for the male and female body height type was “height”. Total number of persons with outliers for Height’s data was 603; consequently, 64.4% of subjects (elderly group of 70-85 yrs.) could not maintain a correct posture when scanning. Other data also had many errors from inaccurate measurement postures. A total of 72.3% of males and 70% of females have incorrect values in small circumferences. The segment lengths’ error data was 76.5% of males and 75% of females; in addition, the head dimension’ outliers were 87% for both male and female subjects. Especially 57.46% of males had incorrect data, while 74.67% of females had a type of large circumference. Female chest circumference had significant errors due to sagging breasts. The differences identify with a correlation between type of large circumference (chest, hip, under bust, waist, waist of omphalion) and gender. There were several correlations between the many measurement errors because values over 70% of data have outliers; however, each measurement type has properties in regards to correlation. A substantial positive correlation was found between all measurements (except hip circumference) in the type of large circumference; in addition, one-way ANOVA indicated that the measurements influenced height and were statistically significant. Outliers found in height data for the elderly’s were more likely to have errors in the type of large circumference. The type of body height indicated a strong correlation and statistical significance between the axilla height and other measurements (height, waist, crotch, lateral malleolus). Axilla height with more outliers indicated that other type of body height measurements had a higher potential for errors. The posture for body measurement was standardized as standing erect; however, this study indicated that many measurement errors were possible between using an auto-measurement program and direct measurement. The value of outlier about a particular measurement item can expect increased errors about any group (height: large circumference group/ axilla height: body height group). We have to study the relation in measurements in these types ‘large circumference’ because ‘head dimensions’ types correlate between measurements in each group. We need a more detailed analysis about outliers to find the major factors for measurement errors in regards to the elderly as well as discuss the possibility of ISO measurement-standard’s application for the elderly.

인간은 연속적으로 문제해결의 과정을 경험한다. 그렇기 때문에 과정 속에서 문제가 정확히 무엇인지, 이를 어떠한 긍정적인 생각으로 해결해 나갈 것인지에 대해 고민하는 것이 필요하다. 이 논문은 삶을 생각해보도록 하는 실용적인 교수방법인 문제중심학습에 관한 이론적 기초를 세우고 교육학적 가치를 생각해 보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이를 통해 수업 속에 적용할 수 있는 긍정적인 방향을 생각해 보는 기회를 가질 것이다.

최근 한국적 다문화교육의 특수성을 반영하되, 특정 소수 집단의 동화 혹은 사회적응에 제한되지 않은 다문화주의 담론 형성의 필요성이 대두되고 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 다문 화 미술교육 연구의 동향을 보다 객관적이고 통계적인 기반에서 탐구하고자 2000～2015년 에 발표된 학술지 및 박사 학위 논문 80편 가운데 68편을 분석 대상으로 그간의 연구에서 사용된 키워드를 도출하고 키워드 간의 상관관계를 텍스트마이닝 기법을 활용하여 분석하 였다. 연구 결과 다문화 미술교육의 연구 동향과 향후 연구 방향에 대한 두 가지 시사점을 도출하였다. 첫째, 한국의 다문화 상황을 정확히 분석하고 반영하는 연구가 미흡하다. 따라 서 다원화되는 한국 사회에서 당면한 정치, 경제, 사회, 문화적 과제에 대한 보다 면밀한 분석과 이에 대한 미술 교육적 해법을 찾기 위한 연구가 필요할 것으로 보인다. 둘째, 다문 화 미술교육 연구에서 다루어 온 주제들은 유아교육과 고등교육을 포괄하는 폭넓은 학교급 을 대상으로 이루어져왔다. 한국의 다문화 미술교육 담론에서 다루어야 하는 핵심적인 주 제들에 대한 논의보다는 학교 안에서 어떻게 교육과정에 다문화교육을 반영하고 교육과정 을 개편할 것인가에 초점이 맞추어져 왔다고 볼 수 있다. 따라서 다문화 사회로의 전환에 대응하는 다문화 미술교육의 핵심과 미술의 가치 대한 보다 근원적인 논의와 개념 정립이 필요할 것으로 보인다. 본 연구는 지난 16년간의 한국 다문화 미술교육 연구를 되돌아보고 그 흐름을 조망하여 향후 연구주제 설정을 돕기 위한 기초 자료를 제공한다는 점에서 의의 를 가진다.