오늘날 게임 산업은 지속적으로 성장하고 있는 추세이다. 이런 배경에서 게임 이용자들은 다양한 게임 장르를 경험하고 있으며, 또한 게임 내의 승률을 높이기 위한 다양한 활동에 많은 관심을 가지고 있다. 게임 이용자 들은 자신이 즐기는 게임 캐릭터들의 승률 및 픽률과 같은 다양한 정보들을 인터넷 검색을 통해 수집하고 있 으며, 그에 따라 자신이 즐기는 게임 플레이어의 밸런스에 관해서 많은 관심을 나타내고 있다. 본 연구자는 밸런스 관련 다양한 연구를 탐색하는 과정에서 게임 속의 밸런스를 맞추는 기준이 있다면, 또한 그 기준에 대 한 예측이 가능하다면 그 기준을 중심으로 이용자들의 다양한 밸런스 패치 활용 및 게임 전략 수립에 도움이 될 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다. 본 연구에서는 플레이어들의 밸런스 패치가 중요하게 인식되고 있는 MOBA 장르 게임을 중심으로 밸런스 패치 예측 기준을 수립하는 데 초점을 맞추었다. 특별히 밸런스 패치를 진행할 때 캐릭터들의 특성 및 개발자의 패치 코멘트, 그리고 승률 및 픽률 변화에 따른 이후 패치 로드맵까지 고려 할 수 있는 체계를 제시한 점에서 큰 의의가 있다고 볼 수 있다. 이를 통해 개발자는 플레이어들의 밸런스를 더 쉽게 맞출 수 있도록 유도하고, 플레이어는 밸런스 패치를 예측하여 더욱 효율성 있는 게임 전략을 실행할 수 있도록 유도하여 MOBA 장르 게임의 이해관계자 모두에게 도움이 되는 정보를 전달할 것이다.

Nanosized zeolites were prepared in an autoclave using tetraethoxysilane (TEOS), tetrapropylammonium hydroxide (TPAOH), and H2O, at various hydrothermal synthesis temperatures. Using transmission electron microscopy and particle size analysis, the nanopowder particulate sizes were revealed to be 10-300 nm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed that the synthesized nanopowder was silicalite-1 zeolite. Using atomic layer deposition, the fabricated zeolite nanopowder particles were coated with nanoscale TiO2 films. The TiO2 films were prepared at 300 oC by using Ti[N(CH3)2]4 and H2O as precursor and reactant gas, respectively. In the TEM analysis, the growth rate was ~0.7 Å/cycle. Zeta potential and sedimentation test results indicated that, owing to the electrostatic repulsion between TiO2-coated layers on the surface of the zeolite nanoparticles, the dispersibility of the coated nanoparticles was higher than that of the uncoated nanoparticles. In addition, the effect of the coated nanoparticles on the photodecomposition was studied for the irradiation time of 240 min; the concentration of methylene blue was found to decrease to 48%.

The purpose of this study is to identify the bridge exercise posture for the efficient exercise by comparing the muscle activity of the lower limbs according to the changes in muscle length because of knee angle in bridge exercise. The subjects of this study were 9 randomly selected males in their 20s living in D city from those who satisfied inclusion criteria. The measured muscles were Vastus medialis oblique, Vastus lateralis, Semitendinosus, Biceps femoris, Gluteus maximus, Gluteus medius, Tensor faciae latae, and Adductor longus. Data were analyzed through paired comparison test. In the result, ST, BF, and TFL muscle activities were high when knee joint flexion angle was 90°Although in most cases higher muscle activity was shown at 90°than 60°there was no statistical significance. Interestingly, it was lower at 90°than 60°in VL. In ST, BF, and TFL, it was significantly higher at 90°han 60°(p<.05). Conclusively, knee angles in bridge exercise may affect the muscle activity, and in particular when the activity of two joint muscles such as semimenbranosus muscle, biceps femoris muscle, and tensor fasciae latae muscle increase as the angle gets higher. Therefore, it is considered that this study will provide helpful tips to develop muscular strength enforcement program for the patients with damages in the lower limbs through bridge exercise in clinical situations.

Cambodia covers an area of 181,035 sq km, among them, forests cover 53 percent, so there are abundant Insect diversities. Collecting expeditions of Insect were conducted from towns of Osam (first base camp, N 12° 04' 51.7" E 103° 12' 30.5" alt. : 549m) and Roveang (second base camp N 12° 19' 06.5" E 103° 3' 03.8" alt. : 53m) in Pursat Province, western part of Cambodia. As protected forest from government, these areas were almost natural conservation field. Pitfall trap, sweeping method, light trap and searching etc. were used to collect insect. Specially in this expedition, large or big sized beetles, more than 5cm body length, for example, Lucanidae, Cerambycidae, Elateridae etc., mostly collected from light trap in deep forest. Materials are expected more than 100 species belonging to 20 families but it was difficult to identification because of lack of references of this areas. Maybe lots of new or new recorded species will found from Cambodia. Among Coleoptera species, with big sized beetles as the central figure, photos for species of dominant, rare, nominated species of new or new recorded were introduced, and also collecting sites and activities were presented.

The spermatogenesis is the process by which spermatozoa are generated in the testes. The spermatozoa travel male reproductive tract during which they meet many substances secreted from reproductive organs. One of the substances is epididymal protease inhibitor (EPPIN) that is involved in the post-testicular maturation including capability of fertilizing the eggs. The expression of EPPIN gene was investigated in various tissues of sexually mature and regressed male Syrian hamsters by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). The EPPIN gene was identified in the testis and epididymis of the male Syrian hamsters and compared to the genes reported previously. There was no expression of EPPIN gene in reproductively and completely regressed testes of Syrian hamster. These results suggest that the expressions of the EPPIN gene are associated with the reproductive capability in the Syrian hamsters.

Trophoblasts, in the placenta, play a role for placental development as well as implantation in the early pregnancy. The characteristics and functions of trophoblast are identified by their localization and potency for proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. Thus, inadequate trophoblast cell death induces trophoblast dysfunction resulting in abnormal placental development and several gynecological diseases. Recently, it was reported that increased immortalization-upregulated protein-2 (IMUP-2) by hypoxia influences trophoblast apoptosis. However, IMUP-2 function on autophagy, which is type II programmed cell death remains unclear. In this study, we analyzed IMUP-2 expression in trophoblast cells (HTR8-SVneo) and compared IMUP-2 effects on cell death including apoptosis and autophagy in trophoblast regardless of IMUP-2 expression. Increased IMUP-2 in trophoblast by IMUP-2 gene transfection induces cell death, especially, apoptosis increases more than autophagy (p<0.05). However, the decreased IMUP-2 in trophoblasts after siRNA treatment decreased apoptosis with the decreased activities of caspase 3 and 7. The expressions of LC3 and MDC as an autophagosome makers and phosphorylated mTOR, which is a negative regulator for autophagy, increased. In addition, the S phase of cell cycle increased in trophoblasts when IMUP-2 expression decreased. Taken together, the alteration of IMUP-2 can control the balance between apoptosis and autophagy of trophoblasts resulting in functional involvement in placental development and in gynecological diseases by regulating the function of trophoblasts.

This study was carried out to compare the growth and yield characteristics between bakanae diseases (Gibberella fujikuroi) infected and normal rice plants. The infected rice seeds, harvested in last year, were disinfected by prochloraz for 48 hours at 33℃ using sprouting machine, 24 hours at room temperature and not disinfected. In the methods of disinfection, it is more effective in disinfected by prochloraz for 48 hours at 33℃ using sprouting machine near to 0% of infection rate, followed by conventional method as 5.0% and 76% in not disinfected rice seeds. In the rice yield components among the disinfection methods, panicles were increased about 11% in the disinfected seeds using sprouting machine for 48 hours compared to conventional method. Ripening grain rate also increased at the disinfected using sprouting machine as 80.3~80.3%, improved more than 4.9~5.9% comparing to the conventional disinfection. From these results, the rice yield was 512~517kg/1,000㎡ at the disinfected using sprouting machine which increased more than 6~7% compared to the conventional disinfection.

This study was conducted to identify the varietal differences of the viviparous germination and viviparous germinated seed characteristics occurred by continuous rain during maturing stage of rice in 2007. The viviparous germination rates were increased in early and medium-maturing cultivars such as Unkwangbyeo and Gopumbyeo. In the germinating rates using already viviparous germinated seeds were severely deteriorated by 15.3 and 28.2% compared to those of normal seeds as 97.3 and 98.5% on Unkwangbyeo and Gopumbyeo. The regermination rates were increased as the plumule length of already viviparous germinated seeds was shorter, so it is 46.7% in less than 0.9mm plumule length and 12.7% in 1.0~1.9mm.

‘Gwangan’ is a new six-rowed covered barley cultivar developed by the National Institute of Crop Science (NICS), R.D.A in 2004. This cultivar is developed from a cross between “Mirak” and ‘Milyang59’ in 1995. An F6 selection was made at Milyang in 2001 an

Genetic study on amy lose content and alkali digestion (AD) Pattern of rice grain was conducted using Fi, BCiFi and Fzpopulations of a reciprocal cross between a high-amylose mutant rice cultivar, Goami 2 and its progenitor variety, Ilpumbyeo. Fiseeds of

N fertilizer required by rice could be reduced greatly in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system. This study was conducted to investigate how much of the N fertilizer during the early stage of rice in the rice-barley double cropping system, could be saved compared to that in the rice single cropping system. This experiment was carried out at the paddy field of the National Crop Experiment Station in Suwon, Korea during three years from 1999 to 2001. Amounts of soil mineral nitrogen (SMN) and SPAD values of rice leaf during rice growing season in the rice-barley double cropping system were higher than those in the rice single cropping system under the same amount of N application during two years. Yield and N uptakes of rice at harvesting time were also higher in the rice-barley double cropping system than in the rice single cropping system during two years. Yield and N uptake of rice in the rice single cropping system were decreased when basal N fertilizer was omitted, but those reductions were not found by either omitting basal N fertilizer or omitting N fertilizer at tillering stage in the rice-barley double cropping system during 2000 and 2001. But yield and N uptakes of rice were decreased by 70 kg/10a and 2kgN/10a by the omission of both N application at basal and tillering stages in the rice-barley double cropping system in 2002. It was concluded that N fertilizer as much as tillering N fertilizer could be saved in the rice-barley double cropping system.