The presence of organic components in spent scintillation liquid should be considered during all steps of radioactive waste processing for final disposal. Scintillation liquids often referred to as cocktails are generated form radiochemical analyses of radionuclides, which mainly consists of mixtures of liquid organic materials such as toluene and xylene. Typical features of these liquid organic materials are volatility, combustibility and toxicity. These are the reason why special attention must be paid to the management of liquid organic radioactive wastes. To select an appropriate waste management strategy and to design the treatment process of spent scintillation cocktails, it is required to investigate the nature of the waste such as specific radioactivity and moisture content. The analysis results of spent scintillation liquid generated at Wolsong nuclear power plants will be discussed. An overview of the technical approaches available for the treatment of organic radioactive waste will be additionally provided.

Minute pirate bug, Orius minutus (L.), is a native predator of many small insects such as aphid, scale, thrips, and mites in Korea. Seven chemical pesticides with lower ecotoxicity being used to control those pests were evaluated for acute toxicity against adult female O. minutus in glass scintillation vial assay. In the 1st batch experiment with three pesticides, flonicamid and buprofezin were least toxic whereas in the 2nd batch experiment with four pesticides spirotetramat and spiromesifen showed least toxicity. The corrected mortality of buprofezin and flonicamid became 100% on 55 and 47 h of exposure in 1st batch and that of spirotetramat and spiromesifen became 100% on 75 and 71 h of exposure in 2nd batch, respectively. In conclusion, flonicamid, buprofezin, spirotetramat, and spiromesifen was least toxic among the seven pesticides tested against adult female of O. minutus.

Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) is one of the most destructive pest of thin-skinned fruits such as blueberry, strawberry, raspberry, and cherry. We tested effect of fruit damage on the infestation of D. suzukii by using partially peeled blueberry fruits in assays of behavioral choice and development. In choice test, D. suzukii preferred partially peeled blueberry fruit than normal. But in development test, we did not found difference in adult emergence rate between normal and partially peeled blueberry fruit.

A native minute pirate bug, Orius minutus (L.), is a generalist predator of small insect pests such as thrips, mites, scale, etc. By comparing with Tetranychus urticae Koch in choice test, we evaluated the prey preference by counting number of prey killed for 4 hours on Amphitetranychus vienensis (Zacher), Frankliniella intonsa (Trybom), Stephanitis pyrioides Scott, and Eriococcus sp. nymph. Among them F. intonsa was the only one killed more than T. urticae by O. minutus. In no choice test, mean number of prey killed was highest in F. intonsa (7.2) followed by T. urticae (3.0), A. vienensis (2.4), Eriococcus sp. (2.0), and S. pyrioides (0.0) for 4 hours. This experiment shows that O. minutus could be a good predator for F. intonsa and T. urticae.

Orius minutus (L.) (Hemiptera: Anthocoridae) is a native predators of soft body insects such as mites, thrips, and aphids.We compared 24 h consumption rate of O. minutus with that of a commercialized O. laevigatus (Fieber) on egg andadult stage of Tetranychus urticae Koch (Acari: Tetranychidae). Orius minutus predated 1.4 times more adult T. urticae(58 mites) in 24 h than O. laevigatus. Similarly, O. minutus consumed 128 eggs while O. laevigatus consumed 98 eggsin 24 h without statistical difference. These results suggest that native O. minutus can be applied for the augmentativebiological control after the development of mass-rearing method.

Monochamus alternatus is one of the insect vector of pine wilt disease with Monochamus saltuarius. The present study aimed to investigate the dose to induce sterile and the effect of sterility according to the gender of M. alternatus. As the electron beam irradiation dose increased, the longevity of the mid and late maturation feeding stage of adults was slightly reduced. However, there was no difference between these two adults. In addition, female adults were more sensitive to the electron beam than the male adults. Hatchability of the F1 generation of ♂T×♀N or ♀T×♂N (T: 200 Gy electron beam irradiation, N: 0 Gy) was completely suppressed. As electron beam irradiation dose increased, the fecundity of female adults were slightly decreased. Results by comet assay showed that electron beam irradiation induced as dose increased DNA damage in M. alternatus adults. These results suggest that SIT using electron beam may be useful for control of M. alternatus.

대만산 뿔나방과의 재정리를 통해 10 미기록종 및 1신종이 발견되어 이를 보고하며, 1신종, Faristenia obliqua Park, sp. nov.를 생식기 도해와 함께 기재, 발표한다.

This study was performed to investigate the feasibility of ion-exchange resins as soil amendment. To select resins, weinvestigate four kinds of ion exchange resins, which ions have the most adsorption efficiency of ions (N+, PO4−, K+). Inthe Cation (H+) vs Anion (OH−)=1:2 (w:w), it showed that the highest N, P, K adsorption efficiency was about 80%and reached pH 6~7 & EC 1~2dS/m after 20min. The ability to maintain ion adsorption, it was investigated that thegentle curve of the residual ion ratio of nitrate nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium was maintained.On the other hand, the control (Slow release fertilizer) was significantly reduced under artificial rainfall conditions. Inaddition, the results of three consecutive crop test were showed that the growth of crops decreased 41.8% than the earlygrowth in the control group, whereas decreased 8.3% in the treatment group (ion exchange resins). According to the resultsof soil analysis, it was reduced that the fertilizer ingredients (N 94%, P 74.5%, K 98.6%) in the control and reducedfertilizer ingredients (N 64%, P 60.3%, K 58.4%) in the treatment. Overall, it was estimated that the Ion-exchange resinscould be used as a soil amendment.

This study is about making artificial soil for wall greening using Spent Mushroom substrates (SMS) & Superabsorbent polymer (SAP). and developing new material for wall greening whilst monitoring the physico-chemistry & germination ability of the plant, plant growth and developmental condition of the artificial soil. It was found that the larger the particle size of the superabsorbent polymer the more absorption increased. This showed the plant’s germination rate in soil when Spent Mushroom substrates & Superabsorbent polymer (SAP) were mixed. In the Bermuda grass, the Artificial soil (SMS & SAP 0.5%) showed a 100% germination rate over a period exceeding 7 days compared to Peat-moss that showed a 94% germination rate. In the Kentucky blue grass, however, there was no difference between the Peat-moss and Artificial soil. When general perlite soil was compared with artificial soil in the chicory seed, the Artificial soil showed better results than the general perlite soil in length, leaf volume and fresh-weight. In the plant length, it showed an increase of over 105% (SAP 0.5% or more), 187% (SAP 1% or more). in the leaf volume, an increase of over 123% (SAP 0.5% or more), 145% (SAP 1% or more), in the fresh-weight an increase of over 130% (SAP 0.5% or more), 285% (SAP 1% or more). The artificial soil (SMS & SAP 1%) showed an excellent result in the plant growth and development. Thus, it was found that artificial soil using the SMS & SAP were the only suitable soil materials for wall greening hence suggesting that it could be used for the greening of a blighted area or desert and a variety of agriculture.

This study is about a kind of organic waste, food waste, and was conducted by using an alternative medium for the cultivation of oyster mushrooms to examine applicability. The study investigated the cultivation characteristics for major cultivated varieties of oyster mushrooms and the growth characteristics within food waste mediums. In addition, NaCl desalinization of food waste is being pointed out as a problem when using the medium, therefore, the effects of the medium's composition were examined by using calcium carbonate. Calcium carbonate is used for desalinization of NaCl. This study investigated the use of a total of 6 cultivars of the oyster mushroom, the Suhan (PL.1), Chiak No. 5 (PL.2), Chiak No. 7 (PL.3), Samgu No. 5 (PL.4), Samgu No. 8 (PL.5), Jangan No. 5(PL.6). In terms of medium, the optimum growth of the mycelium of the oyster mushroom was observed in the PDA medium. The optimal culture conditions was pH 6.0 in Samgu No. 8 (PL. 5) and pH 5.5-6.6 in another cultivar. In terms of food waste, the mycelium’s growth were investigated and found insufficient in the bulk of cultivars. but Chiak No. 7 (PL.3) was superior to that of other cultivars relative to the mycelium’s growth. (Mycelium’s growth: Chiak No. 7 (PL.3) = Jangan No. 5 (PL.6) > Samgu No. 8 (PL.5) > Samgu No. 5 (PL.4) > Suhan (PL.1) > Chiak No. 5 (PL.2)). In the test of desalinization using Calcium carbonate, the early salt concentration was 4.3%. When treating the calcium carbonate (1 ~ 10%) in the food waste, a change of salt concentration less than 5% of the calcium carbonate could be observed. Also, when treating the calcium carbonate (1 ~ 10%, w/w) in the food waste medium, a great change of EC could not be observed either. Therefore, the addition of calcium carbonate to food waste does not affect the growth of the mushroom, thus we had to speculate about the possibility of using food waste in the cultivation of oyster mushrooms.