It is crucial to be sure about the safety of nuclear facilities for human resources who are in danger of radioactive emission, also diminishing the volume of the wastes that are buried under the ground. Chemical decontamination of nuclear facilities can provide these demands at the same time by dissolving the oxide layer, which radionuclides such as 60Co and 58Co have been penetrated, of parts that are utilized in nuclear plants. Although there are many commercial methods to approaching its aim and they perform a high decontamination factor, they have some issues such as applying organic acids which have the ability to chelate with radionuclides that can be washed by underground water, have large quantities of radioactive waste and damage to the surface by severe intergranular attack. A new method has been introduced by KAERI’s scientist which is named the HyBRID Process, in this process the main solution is the acidic form of Hydrazine. In this process, like other acid-washing processes, there is a chance of corrosion on the metal surface which is not desired. The metal surface is able to be protected during dissolving process by adding some organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors such as PP2 and PP3. There is a very new research topic about ionic liquids (ILs) as corrosion inhibitors which illustrates a vast potential for this application due to their tunable nature and the variety of options for cationic and anionic parts. The key factors for ILs corrosion inhibitors such as the hardness properties are summarized. In this study, we review to the fundamentals and development of corrosion inhibitors for chemical decontamination and give an prospect with emphasis on the challenges to be overcome.

There are analytical methods used for measuring activity when light photons are emitted for scintillating-based analytical application. When this electron returns to the original stable state, it releases its energy in the form of light emission (visible light or ultraviolet light), and this phenomenon is called scintillation. Scintillator is a general term for substances that emit fluorescence when exposed to radiation such as gamma-rays. Radioactivity is all around us and is unavoidable because of the ubiquitous existence of background radiations emitted by different sources. The scintillator contributes to these sensing, and it is expected that the inspection accuracy and limit of detection will be improved and new inspection methods will be developed in the future. Moreover, scintillators are chemical or nanomaterial sensors that can be used to detect the presence of chemical species and elements or monitor physical parameters on the nanoscale. In this study, it includes finding use in scintillating-based analytical sensing applications. A chemical and nanomaterial based sensors are self-contained analytical tools that could provide information about the chemical compositions or elements of their environment, that is, a liquid or even gas condition. Herein, we present an insightful review of previously reported research in the development of high-performance gamma scintillators. The major performance-limiting factors of scintillation are summed up here. Moreover, the 2D material has been discussed in the context of these parameters. It will help in designing a prototype nanomaterial based scintillators for radiation detection of gamma-ray.

The majority of strokes are caused by ischemia and result in brain tissue damage, leading to problems of the central nervous system including hemiparesis, dysfunction of language and consciousness, and dysfunction of perception. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) on necrosis in neuronal cells that have undergone needle electrode electrical stimulation(NEES) prior to induction of ischemia. Ischemia was induced in male SD rats(body weight 300g) by occlusion of the common carotid artery for 5 min, after which the blood was reperfused. After induction of brain ischemia, NEES was applied to Zusanli(ST 36), at 12, 24 and 48 hours. Protein expression was investigated using immuno-reactive cells, which react to PARP antibodies in cerebral nerve cells, and Western blotting. The results were as follows: In the cerebral cortex, the number of PARP reactive cells after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. PARP expression after 24 hours significantly decreased(p<.05) in the NEES group compared to the GI group. As a result, NEES showed the greatest effect on necrosis- related PARP immuno-reactive cells 24 hours after ischemia, indicating necrosis inhibition, blocking of neural cell death, and protection of neural cells. Based on the results of this study, NEES can be an effective method of treating dysfunction and improving function of neuronal cells in brain damage caused by ischemia.

We report relative proper motion measurements of H2O masers in massive star-forming region W51 Main, based on data sets of VLBI observations for H2O masers at 22 GHz with Japanese VERA telescopes from 2003 to 2006. Data reductions and single-beam imaging analysis are to measure internal kinematics of maser spots and eventually to estimate the three-dimensional kinematics of H2O masers in W51 Main. Average space motions and proper motion measurements of H2O masers are given both graphical and in table formats. We find in this study that W51 Main appears to be associated with hyper-compact H II region with multiple massive proto-stars whose spectral types are of late O.

Reuse, recycling and recovery (3R) of industrial wastes are common and encouraging in Korea. Industrial symbiosis is one of typical methods for implementing 3R and has been defined as engaging “traditionally separate industries in a collective approach to competitive advantage involving physical exchange of materials, energy, water, and by-products”. The keys to industrial symbiosis are collaboration and the synergistic possibilities offered by geographic proximity. Recently, several countries in East Asia such as Taiwan, South Korea, Japan and China are promoting ‘designed’ symbiosis networks in various industrial complexes based on their national Eco-industrial Park (EIP) demonstration programs. Despite the recently promoted EIP initiatives worldwide, only very few studies furnish the operational and functional details of ‘designed’ industrial symbiosis networks, starting from the planning to implementation stage. The production of terephthalic acid (TPA) in Korea is 6.5 million ton based on 2011. The production of waste generated in the process of TPA is about 15,000 ton/yr and included useful materials like residue TPA as well as isophthalic acid (iPA), benzoic acid (BA) and p-toluic acid (p-TL). Until now, TPA waste was incinerated due to high caloric value. This study was conducted for recovery of valuable materials from industrial waste and utilization of recovered material as an example of Korean EIP. In this study, the experiment was performed to separate above four materials from the waste by solvent (methanol and water) extraction. The solubility of TPA (0.1g/100g) for methanol is relatively low compared to other materials. Also the solubility of BA (68g/L at 95℃) and p-TL (11.6g/L at 98℃) for water is relatively high in comparison with other materials. Finally, BA was separated from p-TL by molecular distillation system. The purity of recovered materials was analyzed by ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (Waters Xevo TQ system). The recovery rate and purity of BA is 90% and 93%. The recovered BA could be recycled the companies which are produced plastic plasticizer and paints.

본 연구는 우리나라에서 자생 및 재배되고 있는 들깨와 차조기의 재배형 및 잡초형 계통들에 대하여 종자발아에 대한 변이 양상을 구명하기 위해 재배형 들깨 102계통, 잡초형 들깨 41계통 그리고 잡초형 차조기 19계통들에서 측정된 종자발아율 및 발아세는 다음과 같다. 1. 재배형 들깨는 저온처리 조건에서 1%에서 99%의 발아율을 나타내어 평균 73%±24를 나타내었으나, 비저온처리조건에서는 0%에서 98%의 발아율을 나타내어 평균 45%±26를 나타내었

Genetic diversity of Korean landrace rice accessions was assessed with microsatellite markers. The 214 alleles weregedfrom 3 for SSS locus to 37 for RM206 locus with an average number of 12.6 alleles per locus. Gene diversity values according tothe 17 mic

The Korean native rice collection consists of landrace and weedy strains. The weedy strains are represented by two dis-tinctive populations, Share and red rice. The 242 representative accessions of Korean native rice collection were selected basedon the p