Fulvic acid, a humic substance with unique properties, has sparked interest due to its potential applications in the treatment of allergic diseases, Alzheimer's disease, and as a microplastic adsorbent. However, conventional extraction methods produce insufficient quantities for commercial use, which has prompted research to enhance fulvic acid production. In this study, we investigated the impact of Saccharomyces cerevisiae fermentation on the yield and spectral characteristics of fulvic acid extracted from white peat. Fulvic acid was extracted from both S. cerevisiae-treated and untreated white peats using acid precipitation. The yield of fulvic acid from the S. cerevisiae treated group reached its highest at 3.5 % after 72 hr of fermentation, which was significantly higher than the untreated group (1.1 %). Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) analysis revealed similarities in functional groups and characteristic absorption bands between the treated and untreated fulvic acid samples. These findings suggest that S. cerevisiae fermentation can increase the yield of fulvic acid extracted from white peat, providing a promising approach for enhancing the commercial viability of fulvic acid production.

Cordyceps militaris (C. militaris) is a unique and valuable medicinal fungus belonging to the Cordyceps species. C. militaris is the only fungus that contains cordycepin which is a biologically active compound. In previous studies, light-emitting diodes (LEDs) are known to be effective in increasing cordycepin content, but metabolic profiling of LED-stimulated C. militaris has not been confirmed. Metabolic profiling is essential to understanding the metabolic regulation of cordycepin. This study studied the physiologically active secondary metabolites of C. militaris according to the presence or absence of stimulation of LEDs through GC-MS analysis. Most of the metabolites were detected in both samples, but there was a clear difference in the detected concentration. In particular, C. militaris had a significant difference in amino acid levels when stimulated with LEDs. Our results suggested that LEDs could stimulate amino acid synthesis in C. militaris mycelium to increase the cordycepin content.

본 연구의 목적은 게임 과몰입 학생의 스트레스와 우울이 공격성에 미치는 영향과 자아탄력성의 매개효과를 연구하는 것이다. 이를 위하여 경기도 소재 중학교에 재학 중인 게임 과몰입 학생 50명을 대상으로 연구를 진행한 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공격 성에서는 언어적공격성이 가장 높았고, 분노, 신체적 공격, 적의성의 순으로 나타났고, 스트레스에서는 가정생활 스트레스가 가장 높았으며, 학교생활 스트레스, 자신문제 스트레스, 환경문제 스트레스, 대인관계 스트레스의 순으로 나타났다. 우울, 자아탄력성은 보통 수준인 것으로 나타났다. 둘째, 공격성, 스트레스, 우울 간에는 정의 상관관계 를 보이고 있었고, 공격성, 스트레스, 우울은 자아탄력성과 부의 상관관계를 보이는 것 으로 나타났다. 셋째, 스트레스와 우울은 공격성에 정의 영향을 미치고 있었고, 스트레스와 우울은 자아탄력성에 부의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 자아탄력성은 공격성에 부의 영향을 미치고 있었다. 넷째, 스트레스, 우울과 공격성의 관계에서 자아탄력성은 매개 효과를 보이고 있었다. 게임 과몰입 학생의 공격성을 감소시키기 위해서는 스트레스와 우울을 감소시킬 수 있는 방안이 마련되어야 하며, 자아탄력성을 향상시킬 수 있는 정책이 마련되어야 할 것이다.

Next generation sequencing (NGS) approaches can also be useful tool for characterization of organelle genomes. We generated chloroplast (CP) genome sequences of two Korean ginseng cultivars, Chunpoong and Yunpoong, based on reference-guided assembly using whole genome NGS data. We used 0.5x of P. ginseng genome NGS reads to assemble CP genome. Of the NGS reads used, about 6% were mapped to the reference CP genome with mean coverage of 94x due to high copy number of CP genome in plant cell. CP genomes of the two cultivars were predicted to be 156,248 bp and 156,355 bp in length and showed about 0.1% differences at nucleotide level, compared to reference CP genome sequenced from P. ginseng (Acc.no. NC_006290), whereas difference between CP genomes of the two cultivars is very rare. In this study, we developed the molecular marker to perform taxon identification and also to elucidate phylogenetic relationship among Korean ginseng cultivars. Now, we are analyzing the CP genomes of other P. ginseng cultivars together with other Panax species including American ginseng and Panax related species.

A new standard rose cultivar 'White Christmas' was bred from the cross between red standard cultivar 'Red Queen' and pink standard cultivar 'Vivaldi' at the National Horticulture Research Institute. The cross was made in 2001 and `White Christmas' was finally selected in 2006 after investigating characteristics for three years from 2003 to 2006. 'White Christmas', a white standard cultivar grows vigorously and has good flower shape. The major characteristics of this cultivar are 123.8 stems/m2/year in yield, 82.3 cm in length of cut flower, 11.0 cm in flower diameter, 60.1 in petal number, and 12.2 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Tineke'.

A new standard rose cultivar 'Magic Pink' was bred from the cross between light yellow standard cultivar 'Medeo' and pink standard cultivar 'Veronica' at the National Horticulture Research Institute. The cross was made in 2001 and 'Magic Pink' was finally selected in 2006 after investigating characteristics for three years from 2003 to 2006. 'Magic Pink', a pink standard cultivar grows vigorously and has fashionable flower color. The major characteristics of this cultivar are 184.8 stems/m2/year in yield, 63.0cm in length of cut flower, 7.2 cm in flower diameter, 28.5 in petal number, and 10.4 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer's preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, 'Noblesse'.

A new standard rose cultivar ‘Pink Stone’ was bred from the cross between red standard cultivar ‘Red Queen’ and pink standard cultivar ‘Vivaldi’ at the National Horticulture Research Institute. The cross was made in 2001 and ‘Pink Stone’ was finally selected in 2006 after investigating characteristics for three years from 2003 to 2006. ‘Pink Stone’, a deep pink standard cultivar grows vigorously and has powder mildew resistant. The major characteristics of this cultivar are 115.1 stems/m2/year in yield, 77.7 cm in length of cut flower, 10.5 cm in flower diameter, 67.0 in petal number, and 12.0 days in vase life. This cultivar can be propagated by both cutting and grafting. The consumer’s preference of this cultivar is relatively higher than that of control cultivar, ‘Noblesse’.