In this study, a new cleaning process with a low cost of ownership (CoO) was developed with ozonated DI water (DIO3). An ozone concentration of 40 ppm at room temperature was used to remove organic wax film and particles. Wax residues thicker than 200 Å remained after only a commercial dewaxer treatment. A DIO3 treatment in place of a dewaxer showed a low removal rate on a thick wax layer of 8000 Å due to the diffusion-limited reaction of ozone. A dewaxer was combined with a DIO3 rinse to reduce the wax removal time and remove wax residue completely. Replacing DI rinse with the DIO3 rinse resulted in a surface with a contact angle of less than 5˚, which indicates no further cleaning steps would be required. The particle removal efficiency (PRE) was further improved by combining a SC-1 cleaning step with the DIO3 rinsing process. A reduction in the process time was obtained by introducing DIO3 cleaning with a dewaxing process.

RTCVD법으로 증착된 다결정 Si1-xGex박막에서 Ge조성 증가에 따른 결정립크기변화가 표면거칠기 및 cluster크기에 미치는 영향에 대해 알아본결과, Ge조성 증가에 따라 결정립크기가 증가했으며 증가된 결정립에 의해 Cluster 크기와 표면거칠기값(RMS)들이 증가함을 알 수 있었다. 또한 증착된 다결정 Si1-xGex박막을 RF power와 온도변화에 따라 Ar/H2플라즈마를 이용한 수소화처리를 행하여, 수소화 효과와 표면거칠기값 그리고 비저항값 변화에 대해 조사하였다. 수소화처리 후 cluster크기와 표면거칠기값은 기판온도와 RF power 증가에따라 감소함을 알 수 있었으며 특히 기판온도 300˚C에서는 비저항값이 상당히 증가하였다.

In this paper, we propose an image-based measurement method of structure dynamic characteristics to assess the damage of structure in a more cost-effective way than traditional structure health monitoring system.

Part of the domestic construction practice and non-destructive inspection technology world level is often inadequate to provide the test results to serve as a basis for evaluating the safety of the structure. Therefore, in this study, is intended to provide basic data for legislation nondestructive inspection in Japan, estimates the size of the column using a technique reverberation impact manufactured column member or this purpose. 3% maximum error rate, the result was 1% minimum error rate. The average error rate is 1.6%, revealed as well as the size of the columns that have been measured

This study was carried out to research microorganisms having the antifungal activity against ginseng Alternaria blight pathogen Alternaria panax and ginseng anthracnose pathogen Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. Eleven Bacillus strains. were isolated from Korean traditional soybean paste and Kimchi. Among the 11 isolates, DJ5, KC1, KC2 and KC4 showing antagonistic activity on the mycelial growth of A. panax and C. gloeosporioides in pairing culture were finally selected as the antagonistic microorganisms. Based on 16s rRNA sequence and phylogenetic tree analysis, they were identified as Bacillus spp.. The selected microorganisms were investigated antagonistic activity by measured leaf-segment colonization in pot test. When Bacillus sp. were injected after A. panax treatment, KC1, KC2 and KC4 showed similar effect to chemical pesticides treated control. To measure preventive effect of Bacillus sp, antagonistic microorganisms were injected and C. gloeosporioides was treated in pot. When measuring the effectiveness for the prevention of Anthracnose, All Bacillus spp. showed approximately 83~90 % degree of superior preventive effect. In general, The four Bacillus spp. isolated from Korean traditional fermented foods showed therapeutic effect of Alternaria blight and preventive effect of Anthracnose.

To develop the practical cultivation for paddy field, we investigated the properties of paddy soil, growth characteristics and ginsenoside content of 6-year-old ginseng, Cheonpung variety between poor drainage class (PDC) and imperfect drainage class (IDC). Groundwater level in PDC showed monthly small changes of 20~30 cm, while IDC showed monthly great changes of 28~71 cm depending on rainfall. Soil moisture content in PDC and IDC was 17.2%, 22.5%, respectively. Air temperature in IDC was lower than 0.3℃, while soil temperature was higher than 0.8℃ compare to PDC, respectively. Main soil color of PDC was grayish olive, while IDC was brownish olive. PDC showed yellowish mottles only at underground of 20~40 cm, while IDC showed that at underground of 30~90 cm. IDC showed lower pH, EC, potassium, calcium and magnesium content, but higher organic matter, phosphate, and iron content than that of PDC, respectively. All of EC, organic matter, potassium, calcium, and magnesium content were decreased, but iron content was increased at the subsoil layers of PDC. All of EC, organic matter, phosphorus, and potassium content were decreased, but calcium and magnesium content were increased at the subsoil layers of IDC. Root yield in IDC was more increased by 33% than that of PDC. The moisture content and rusty ratio of ginseng root in IDC were lower than that of PDC. Ginsenoside content in IDC was higher than that of PDC because the ratio of lateral and fine root showing relatively high content of ginsenoside was higher in IDC than that of PDC.

An important factor in the production of organic ginseng is the control of Alternaria blight and anthracnose, which mostly affect the leaves in the summer. We compared the effects of a lime-bordeaux mixture (LBM) and agricultural chemicals on the growth characteristics and ginsenoside content in 4-year-old ginseng plants when they were sprayed at 15-day intervals from mid-June to the end of September. The increases in leaf length, and survive-leaf ratio in plants sprayed with LBM were greater than the increases of the control plants, but less than those of agricultural chemicals treatment. The root weight per plant in the plants sprayed with LBM increased more distinctly than that in the control plants, while it was significantly lower than that in plants sprayed with agricultural chemicals. The root yield in plants sprayed with LBM increased by 21% compared to the root yield in the control plants, but decreased by 7% compared to that in plants sprayed with agricultural chemicals because of the decreases in leaf area and survive-leaf ratio. Spraying of LBM had a significant effect on the ginsenoside contents. The total ginsenoside content was highest in the control plants and lowest in the plants sprayed with agricultural chemicals and total ginsenoside contents was great relative to survive-leaf ratio and root weight.

본 연구는 설악산, 덕유산, 한라산국립공원의 아고산대에 분포하는 주목개체군의 군락구조와 종조성, 개체군동태, 연륜생장을 조사, 분석하였다. 각 조사지별 계층구조는 덕유산과 한라산은 교목층이 없는 3층구조를, 설악산지역에서는 4층구조로 분포하였다. 중요치를 통한 주요 분포 수종은 주목을 비롯하여 시닥나무, 신갈나무, 구상나무, 마가목 등으로 나타났다. 주목의 개체(DBH > 5 cm) 밀도는 한라산지역에서 986.0개체/ha로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 평균 흉고직경은 설악산지역이 42.0 cm로 대경목의 개체들이 주로 분포하였다. 유묘와 치수, 그리고 후계목으로서 유목의 밀도는 357.3개체/ha와 128.6개체/ha로 한라산지역에서 각각 가장 높게 나타났다. 흉고직경 분포에서는 한라산지역의 주목개체군이 역J자형의 유형을 보이고 있어 현 식생상태의 지속적 유지가 가능할 것으로 판단된다. 연평균 연륜생장은 설악산, 덕유산, 한라산지역이 1.27 mm/연, 0.93 mm/연, 0.89 mm/연 순으로 각각 나타났다.