This study explores how to integrate the generative artificial intelligence (AI) tool Midjourney into the fashion design process, emphasizing the visualization of sporty fashion concepts. The research applied Midjourney at every stage of the fashion design process: mood board, fashion sketch, flat drawing, production package, fashion show presentation, and store display and sales. Specifically, sporty fashion was selected as the theme, and customized prompts were developed from prior research and design principles to generate visual outputs for each stage. Furthermore, three apparel design experts evaluated the AI-generated images to assess Midjourney’s practical applicability and effectiveness in each phase of the fashion design workflow. Expert evaluations revealed that Midjourney was particularly effective in the early stages, offering diverse and visually engaging imagery that supported creative ideation and mood expression. The tool allowed quick exploration of different silhouettes during the sketching stage but was imprecise in detailed forms and proportions. Limitations became more evident in the flat drawing and work instruction stages, where outputs failed to accurately reflect material textures and technical construction. Prompt refinements and referencebased prompts were tested but often resulted in inconsistent or stylized outputs. Additionally, continuity between stages was missing. Midjourney shows potential as a creative tool, but experts highlight its limitations for practical industry application. Further research is needed to improve prompt optimization and training data for enhanced accuracy and usability in AI-assisted fashion design workflows.

A 13-year-old female lion underwent a simple mastectomy for a rapidly growing abdominal mass, confirmed as mammary adenocarcinoma after histopathological examination. Mammary tumors are common in domestic cats but less frequently reported in African lions. This report presents the first documented case of mammary adenocarcinoma in an African lion in South Korea. The mass was successfully excised through stable anesthesia and surgery. This report adds to the limited literature on mammary tumors in large felids and discusses the need for tailored management strategies.

For risk assessment of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) transportation, it is necessary to calculate the damage ratio of SNF rods loaded in the cask. Due to the complexity in the geometry and material properties of SNF, it is impractical to analyze the detailed behavior of every fuel rod and assembly in a single cask model. This study presents a framework for performing cask-level analysis by sequentially simplifying the fuel rods and spent fuel assemblies for fuel damage ratio (FDR) calculation. Using the simplified fuel rod model developed in previous studies, we constructed a CE 16×16 fuel assembly model and presented a methodology to simplify the CE 16×16 assembly model into cuboids. Cask drop analyses were performed to validate the similarity of the detailed CE 16×16 model and the simplified model. Using the proposed simplified models, a procedure for quantifying the bending load and pinch load applied to the fuel rods during the drop impact is presented. The FDR can then be calculated by comparing the quantified loads with their respective failure criteria. Through a case study, the feasibility of the developed framework for systematic and accurate FDR calculation was effectively demonstrated.

육성한 화단국화 품종인 황색 국화(Chrysanthemum morifolium Ramat.)인 ‘한아름볼(Hanarum Ball)’은 충남농업기술원 화훼 연구소에서 모본 ‘Gigi Gold’와 부본 ‘Jinny Ball’을 이용하여 육성되었다. ‘한아름볼’ 품종은 2014년에 인공 교배를 통해 개 발되었으며, 2015년부터 2017년까지 품종 특성을 조사한 후 2017년에 최종 선발되었다. ‘한아름볼’의 초형은 반구형으로, 노랑색 꽃잎(Yellow 5B)을 가진 반겹꽃을 지니고 있으며, 개화 기는 9월 21일이다. 초장은 36.0cm로, 초폭은 66.0cm, 화폭 은 4.1cm, 본당 착화수는 1,147개, 꽃잎수는 81.0개이며, 엽색 은 녹색(Green 137B)이어서, 대조품종인 ‘금방울’과 유사한 형 태와 색을 가지고 있으나, 꽃크기와 착화수, 개화시기에서 차이 를 보였다. ‘한아름볼’은 도로변이나 화단 등 조경용으로 활용 가능하며, 화훼 농가에 새로운 소득원을 제공할 수 있는 품종으 로 기대된다.

기후변화로 인해 국내에서의 기온, 강수량, 호우일수가 증가 할 것으로 예측됨에 따라, 토양 답압과 높은 불투수면적 비율이 나타나는 도심지를 중심으로 정원과 공공녹지에 활용되는 식물 소재에 있어 내침수성이 중요한 특성으로 부각될 가능성이 높 다. 그러나 내침수성 식물소재에 대한 대다수의 문헌은 재배경 험이나 각 종의 서식지 환경에 기반하고 있는 경우가 많아 실험 적 검증이 필요하다. 따라서 본 연구는 토양수분함량이 높은 서식지에서 기원한 골등골나물(Eupatorium lindleyanum DC.), 새등골나물(E. fortunei Turcz.), 좀개미취(Aster maackii Regel) 3개 종과 중간인 서식지에서 기원한 까실쑥부쟁이 (A. ageratoides Turcz.) 1개 종의 침수조건에 대한 생육반응 비교로 서식지 환경이 내침수성 평가의 유효한 지표인지 알아보 고자 하였다. 실험대상 종을 6주간 무처리(대조구), 5일 침수처리, 7일 침수처리한 결과, 골등골나물과 새등골나물은 대조구와 처리구간 생육반응에서 유의한 차이가 관찰되지 않아 높은 수준 의 내침수성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 좀개미취는 생장반응이 처리구에서 대조구 대비 유의하게 감소하여 내침수성은 제한적 인 것으로 보였으나, 5일 침수처리구에서 광계 II의 최대양자효 율(Fv/Fm)이, 두 처리구 모두에서 지상부 대비 지하부의 비율 (R/S율)이 대조구와 유의한 차이를 보이지 않아 침수조건의 해 소 후 회복 가능성을 지니는 것으로 나타났다. 까실쑥부쟁이는 처리 4 주차에 모든 처리구에서 100%의 고사율을 보여 내침수 성을 갖추지 못한 것으로 판단되었다. 결론적으로, 서식지 환경 은 내침수성과 관련이 있다 할 수 있었으나, 내침수성의 정확한 평가를 위해서는 토양수분함량 외 다양한 환경요소들을 함께 고려해야할 필요성이 있을 것으로 보인다.

본 연구는 한국 관속식물 적색목록(Korean National Red List)을 기준으로 정보부족(Date Deficient, DD) 종으로 분류되 어 있는 한반도 고유 식물 변산향유(Elsholtzia byeonsanensis M. Kim)의 유전자원 보존과 원예적 활용을 위해 수행되었다. 종자의 발아를 위한 적정 조건을 알아보고자 종자의 기본 특성 을 조사하고 수분 흡수율을 조사하였으며 온도, 광조건, 저온 습윤 처리, GA3 처리에 따른 발아 특성을 조사하였다. 종자의 내･외부 형태를 관찰하였을 때 완전히 성숙한 배를 가지고 있어, 형태적 휴면(morphological dormancy, MD)은 없다고 판단 하였다. 또한 수분 흡수 실험의 결과 3시간 만에 80%를 초과하 였기에 물리적 휴면(physical dormancy, PY)도 없다고 판단 하였다. 4, 15/6, 20/10, 25/15℃의 4가지 온도에서 종자 발아 를 관찰하였을 때 발아율은 각각 23.37, 71.24, 72.16, 70.93% 였다. 광조건을 달리하여 25/15℃에 배양하였을 때, 명조건에 서 암조건 보다 발아율 유의하게 높았다(p<0.001). 4℃에서 0, 4, 8, 12주간 저온 습윤 처리 후 25/15℃에 배양하였을 때, 발아율이 각각 63.75, 76.28, 83.33, 75.01%로 8주간 저온 습윤 처리 한 종자의 발아율이 가장 높았다(p<0.05). 또한 저온 습윤 처리를 한 종자는 저온 습윤 처리 기간 중에도 발아하는 모습이 관찰되며 발아소요일수가 단축되었다. 그러나 GA3를 0, 10, 100, 1000mg·L-1의 농도로 종자에 처리하였을 때, 농도에 따른 발아소요일수와 발아율의 유의한 차이는 없었다. 따라서 변산향유 종자는 대부분 비휴면(non-darmanct, ND) 종자이 나 일부 적정 조건에서도 발아하지 않은 종자의 경우, 개체군 수준에서 휴면이 있을 수 있다. 또한 종자의 발아 특성은 기존의 동일 속이나 종 내의 연구 결과와 다를 수 있음을 고려해야한다.

This paper is a quantitative follow-up study of Lee’s (2017) qualitative examination on the usage of Korean human nouns for inanimate/non-human referents. It investigated the usage of “demonstrative + human noun” construct (e.g., yay ‘this child,’ i-chinkwu ‘this friend’) referring to inanimate referents by examining various factors that were chosen based on findings and discussions from Lee (2017) and Kim (2018, 2021). Statistical results conformed to the findings of these earlier studies, showing that human nouns referring to inanimate referents were favored when referents were compared to other things or had concrete concept. In addition, it was also revealed that formality conditioned the realization of human noun usage as human nouns for inanimate/non-human referents were favored in less formal contexts. These results provided a quantitative verification of Lee’s (2017) findings and additional insights to Kim (2018, 2021) along with the usefulness of interdisciplinary approaches to understanding sociolinguistic variables.

In this study, carbon coating was carried out by physical vapor deposition (PVD) on SiOx surfaces to investigate the effect of the deposited carbon layer on the performance of lithium-ion batteries as a function of the asphaltene content of petroleum residues. The petroleum residue was separated into asphaltene-free petroleum residue (ASF) and asphaltene-based petroleum residue (AS) containing 12.54% asphaltene by a solvent extraction method, and the components were analyzed. The deposited carbon coating layer became thinner, with the thickness decreasing from 15.4 to 8.1 nm, as the asphaltene content of the petroleum residue increased, and a highly crystalline layer was obtained. In particular, the SiOx electrode carbon-coated with AS exhibited excellent cycling performance with an initial efficiency of 85.5% and a capacity retention rate of 94.1% after 100 cycles at a current density of 1.0 C. This is because the carbon layer with enhanced crystallinity had sufficient thickness to alleviate the volume expansion of SiOx, resulting in stable SEI layer formation and enhanced structural stability. In addition, the SiOx electrode exhibited the lowest resistance with a low impedance of 23.35 Ω, attributed to the crystalline carbon layer that enhanced electrical conductivity and the mobility of Li ions. This study demonstrated that increasing the asphaltene content of petroleum residues is the simplest strategy for preparing SiOx@C anode materials with thin, crystalline carbon layers and excellent electrochemical performance with high efficiency and high rate performance.

3D printing using ceramic powder to produce precision ceramic parts has been studied with various additive manufacturing methods. This study analyzed problems occurring in alumina additive manufacturing that uses digital light processing (DLP) as well as methods to address such problems. For efficient analysis, we have classified alumina additive manufacturing into three types according to the driving method of the build platform - lifting type (LT), tilting type (TT) of the vat, and blade movement type (BT). LT had a problem with detachment and cracking of the alumina green body. However, this could be prevented by carefully controlling the cure depth of the suspension slurry and the bonding force between layers and improving the material used for coating the vat. TT, which resulted in non-uniform alumina additive manufacturing, could be improved by modifying the bidirectionality of the axis and the fluidity of the highly viscous alumina suspension slurry. BT resulted in detachment of the specimen as well as non-uniform results, but this could be avoided by shortening the shifting distance of the alumina suspension when it is introduced to the build platform, and enabling effective spreading.

This paper evaluates the use of Factor Analysis (FA) in English education research in Korea and suggests improvements in methodology. A detailed coding protocol was used to review 179 FA cases from 12 major English education journals (2014-2023). The review identified several key issues, including small sample sizes and lenient criteria for sample size selection, insufficient reporting on data appropriateness and normality, confusion between principal component analysis and FA, overreliance on the Eigenvalue > 1 criterion for determining the number of factors, inappropriate factor rotation methods, inconsistency between factor rotation and extraction methods, inadequate reporting on factor loadings and cross loadings criteria, and excessive reliance on SPSS as a statistical tool for FA. This study provides specific guidelines for applying FA appropriately and reporting results accurately.

A new variety of Alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.), named 'Alfaking' was developed between 2015 and 2023 at the Grassland and Forages Division, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Cheonan, Republic of Korea. The variety was produced through artificial hybridization, with ‘Paravivo’ serving as the maternal line and ‘WL514’ as the paternal line. ‘Alfaking’ underwent field tests across four regions (Cheonan, Pyeongchang, Jeongeup, and Jinju) to evaluate its agronomic characteristics and forage production over two years (2022-2023). The dry matter yield of ‘Alfaking’ reached 22,516 kg/ha, which is 11% higher than the control variety, ‘Vernal.’ ‘Alfaking’ exhibited 2.1% higher crude protein content than ‘Vernal’ in forage nutritive value. The development of this new alfalfa variety, which exhibits excellent adaptability to challenging environmental conditions, is expected to enhance forage cultivation and productivity in Korea.