Undomesticated soybeans (Glycine soja) are an important source of genetic variation for introducing useful traits to domesticated soybeans (Glycine max). Although Korea is known as the origin of the soybean, a little is known about genetic diversity and structure analysis of G.soja. The objectives of this study were to investigate the genetic diversity and the structure analysis of wild soybeans, and to construct a core collection of G. soja accessions in Korea. To evaluate the genetic diversity and structure analysis of G.soja, we analyzed allelic profiles at 21 SSR loci of 1028 accessions using POWERMARKER V3.25. These markers generated a total of 581 alleles over all loci. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 21 to 40, with a mean of 28 alleles per locus and a mean gene diversity of 0.886 in this accessions tested. Polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.737 to 0.946, with an average of 0.877. Using STRUCTURE V2.34, wild soybean originated from Korea was divided into two distinct populations, largely corresponding to two geographic regions. Population 1 consisted of eight sub-groups corresponds to mountains; population 2 to entire regions in Korea. Based on theses 21 SSR markers, a core collection development was performed by POWERCORE V1.0. A G. soja core collection consisted of 148 accessions which were established from 1028 accessions in Korea. Most accessions of the core collection were belonged to population 2 and only four were belonged to population 1. These results of this study would provide valuable information for future breeding programs using the G. soja core collection.

콩 관련 제품을 생산하는 과정에서 발생되는 부산물은 가축의 사료 및 퇴비 등에 이용되고 있으나 일부는 폐기물로처리되어 추가 비용 및 각종 환경오염을 유발하는 등 사회적인 문제점으로 지적되고 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 가공 부산물로 다량 발생되는 콩 배아를 활용하여 생리활성물질인 isoflavone과 soyasaponin을 동시에 분리하는 방법을개발하고자 실시하였다.1. 콩 배아 methanol 추출물을 preparative C18 column에 주입하고, 210 nm의 파장에서 0.5% 초산 용액 30%로부터100% acetonitrile까지 분당 15mL의 유속으로 53분간흘려주어 isoflavone과 soyasaponin 분획을 동시에 분리하였다.2. Preparative C18 column으로 분리된 isoflavone 및 soyasaponin분획은 동결건조시켜 isoflavone 분말 ISF-1과 soyasaponinSAP-1, SAP-2, SAP-3 및 SAP-4의 분말을 얻었다.3. Isoflavone 분획 ISF-1의 재분리는 젤투과 컬럼에서100% acetonitrile을 분당 5 mL가 되도록 흘려주면서254nm 파장에서 관찰하여 2종의 분획 ISF-1-1 및ISF-1-2을 분리하였다.4. 분리된 2종의 isoflavone 중 ISF-1-1은 그 조성이daidzin, glycitin 및 genistin 이고, ISF-1-2는 genistin 단일물질이 주성분인 것으로 나타났다.5. 분리된 4종의 soyasaponin 중 SP-1은 soyasaponin A계열인 Aa(MW: 1364), Ab(MW: 1436), Ac(MW: 1420),Ae(MW: 1202), Af(MW: 1274), SAP-2는 B계열인 Ba(MW: 958), Bb(MW: 942), Bc(MW: 912)와 E계열인Bd(MW: 956), Be(MW: 940), SAP-3는 B계열인 Ba,Bb, Bc, E계열인 Bd, Be와 DDMP계열인 βg(MW:1068), SAP-4는 B계열인 Ba, Bb, Bc, E계열인 Bd, Be와 DDMP계열인 βg, βa(MW: 1038)가 주성분임을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 자색 옥수수 부산물인 옥수수 줄기와 잎을 이용하여 염액을 추출하여 여러 가지 염색 조건에서 염색정도를 관찰하고 자색옥수수 부산물의 염료로서의 가능성을 타진하여 이용성 증진을 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다.1. 자색 옥수수 추출시 pH에 따른 흡광도의 변화가 없으므로 자색 옥수수 색소 함량을 측정하기 위하여 UV흡광도를 측정할 때 520∼560 nm를 이용하는 것이효율적일 것으로 생각된다.2. 자색 옥수수 잎 추출물로 염색한 silk와 cotton은 pH가높아질수록 직물의 밝기와 적색도가 낮아졌다. 줄기추출물의 경우에는 뚜렷한 경향을 나타내지는 않았지만 pH 값이 높아질수록 밝기와 적색도가 높아지는 경향을 나타내었다.3. 농도에 따른 직물의 염색 정도는 silk와 cotton 모두 농도가 높아질수록 밝기는 낮아지고 적색도는 증가하는경향을 나타내었다.4. Silk와 cotton은 일반적으로 염색시간이 길어질수록명도가 증가하고, 적색도는 감소하는 경향을 나타내었다.

Improvement of winter hardiness, diseases resistance and good quality have been recently received more attention by covered barley(Hordeum vulgare L.) breeders than ever in Korea. “Hyegang”, a new covered barley cultivar with similar maturing and high yield was developed by the National Institute of Crop Science, RDA in 2011. It was derived from the cross between “Milyang87/NWX-GB-G 2” and “Milyang87/Chalbori” with good quality. The initial cross was done in 2000 and the selected line, “Iksan445” (YB4625-B-B-6-2), showed high yield and good quality characteristics under yield trial test in 2008. It was cultivated three times for three years (2009～2011) in the four locations of regional yield trial (RYT) in korea and was investigated about agronomic and quality characteristics and released as “Hyegang”. The heading date was May 4 in upland and April 26 in paddy field which was 1 and 0 day lateness respectively than that of check cultivar, “Olbori”. The culm length was 77 cm which was 6 cm shorter than that with check cultivar. It showed the spike length of 4.7 cm, 800 spikes / m2, 64 grains / spike and 25.1g for 1,000 grains weight. It showed similar maturing and stronger resistance to barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) compare to check cultivar. It showed higher diastatic power 216DP than that of check cultivar, ‘Olbori’. Average yield of “Hyegang” in the RYT was 4.61 MT/ha in upland and 4.38 MT/ha in paddy field, espectively.

barley grain and malt is highly related to beer quality, especially hordein is known to be a more significant factor in malting process than albumin. In this study, we proposed selection criteria for high quality malting barley with aid of grain and malt quality parameter scores and storage protein subunit profile informations. Albumin and hordein were extracted and denatured protein subunits were evaluated with malt and grain quality parameters. Total 13 local adaptability test (LAT) lines were planted in four locations (Naju, Iksan, Jeju, and Jinju) and evaluated for malt and beer making qualities. Seventeen germplasms (world collections for high or low seed storage protein content) were also evaluated for biochemical genetic marker. Denatured seed storage protein subunits of albumin and hordein of all tested lines and germplasms were evaluated using 12% 1D SDS-PAGE. Scored data of protein subunit's presence or absence was applied to Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) for statistical analysis. Subunits fractionated within specific molecular weight ranges (97.4-31.0, 66.2-31.0, and 45.0-31.0 kDa) were highly correlated with agricultural characteristics. Several LAT lines showing good performance in agricultural characteristics were clustered in dendrogram constructed by biochemical-genetic assay using XLSTAT. Specific band pattern showed in good performance LAT lines were also observed in some germplasms of world collection having low protein contents which are known to have superior quality in malting. The results would provide selection criteria for high quality malting barley in the malting barley breeding program.

In Korea, 18 soybean cultivars have been recommended for food source that cooked with rice, however, the appropriate selection criteria are still unestablished in soybean breeding program. Since consumers prefer higher quality products, it is need to establish selection criteria of palatability. This study was investigated the relationship between palatability and physicochemical properties of black soybean. We conducted sensory evaluation and analyzed physicochemical properties with 4 cultivars and 12 germplasms. In the results, the crude fat content varied from 13.1 to 18.6%. The content of crude fiber was 4.0～5.0%. The saturated and unsaturated fatty acid contents were 12.09～16.47% and 83.53～87.91%. Beany flavor(0.76***), nutty flavor(0.89***), sweetness(0.83***) and chewiness(0.72**) were highly positively correlated with overall preference. The crude fiber contents had negative correlation with nutty flavor(-0.61*) and overall preference(-0.62*). The highest palatability was observed in Cheongjakong which had low fiber content and good appearance, chewiness and taste. The result suggest that fiber content is good selection factor in breeding program of soybean for cooking with rice.

Recently, barley is gaining renewed interest for food due to nutritional and functional characteristics. and many breeder developed new barley varieties containing nutritional and functional components. Anthocyanin have been well characterized for its bioactive properties, anti-oxidant, anti-cancer, anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory properties. Some colored varieties with purple lemma that is a kind of anthocyanin were developed. We have to find out the harvesting time containing maximum anthocyanin content. In this study, we analyzed anthocyanin content at intervals of 4-6days after heading date. We analyzed Delphinidin-3-glucoside(Del3g), Cyanidin-3-glucoside (Cya3g), Pelargonidin-3-glucoside(Pel3g), Peonidin(Peo3g), Malvidin-3-glucoside(Mal3g) using the HPLC with Xterra C18 column and UV Detector. Anthocyanin was extracted with 80% MeOH solution containing 1% HCl for 24hr. Mobil phase composition of HPLC was 45% Acetonitrile solution with 10% Formic acid. Anthocyanin content was increased rapidly from 30day after heading date to 35day. At 35-37day, anthocyanin content was maximum. Thereafter, it was decreased rapidly to 40day.

The purple and blue grain of barley have anthocyanins that is good sources of antioxidant. Thus we investigated the malt and wort characteristic of purple and blue barley for brewing. During steeping period, anthocyanins content reduced both materials. However the lost content was different from 80% and 20% in purple and blue barley, respectively. Also the anyhocyanin content was different both malt comparing to raw grain from 0.4~4.2% in purple but 50% in blue grain. The wort and beer color(EBC unit) and content of polyphenol and soluble nitrogen from malt of purple and blue were higher than control malt(Hopum). There was no anthocyanins in wort and beer of malt in purple and blue. In these results, it was identified that the anthocyanins from raw grain lost during malting and brewing processing with conventional method.

Seed storage proteins of different solubility were extracted and denatured subunits of each protein were evaluated with malting barley quality parameters. Its been known that each subunit of seed storage protein encoded by each gene and subunit profiles were highly related to end-use quality in cereals. The purpose of this study is to provide selection criteria for high quality malting barleys with aid of bichemical-genetic information. Total 13 regional test lines and three locations (Naju, Jinju, and Jeju) were incorporated in this study. Albumin and hordein were extracted, denatured, and separated in 12% SDS-PAGE. Presence and absence of subunits of each protein were scored. Dendrogram (using XLSTAT program) was constructed to evaluated the relatedness of lines. The correlation between band profiles and quality test were assessed through Agglomerative Hierarchical Clustering (AHC) for statistics analysis. Hordein subunits can be classified into four groups, A, B, C, and D group. In general, hordein fractions contribute higher than albumine to determine malting quality. Specific molecular weight ranges (97.4-31.0, 66.2-31.0, and 45.0-31.0 kDa) of subunits were highly correlated with malting barley quality parameters. The subunit information would be directly incorporated in providing selection criteria for high quality malting barley in the malting barley breeding program.

It was practiced that crop rotation between barley and soybean to reduce the Barley yellow mosaic virus(BaYMV) in barley and investigated barley growth and yield. The diseased degree of barley by BaYMV reduced in one or two years fallow of barley with the soybean cultivated continuously in summer season. In the same practices, barley growth such as plant height and tiller number was better than another crop rotation plots. In yield components of barley, culm length and number of head was different among the treat plots. One or two years fallow of barley plots was better results than others. The yield of barley also showed significant difference in above one or two year fallow of barley. These plots showed higher yield from 24% to 32% than continuously cultivated barley and soybean plot. In comparison to conventional practice barley and rice, these rotation system presented higher barley yield from 3% to 13%. These crop rotations affect the density of the BaYMV vector, Polymyxa graminis. In these results, crop rotation with one or two years fallow of barley in viral infested paddy fields could reduce the BaYMV disease incidence and fungal vector density in soil.