When digital media and images are combined, their significant sociocultural impacts can be exercised. Therefore, this study analyzes digital images shown in such trends of digital media compared to the digital fashion from an aesthetic perspective. Research and empirical studies are focused upon to analyze the aesthetic characteristics of digital fashion. Digital Fashion comprehensively refers to fashion design using computers and software, and is considered as “Fashion Design utilizing Digital Technologies” including computer software and hardware perspectives, so that it may be renamed “Digital Fashion.” The esthetic characteristics shown in the Digital Fashion defined above are analyzed according to how media philosophers conceptualize the digital image. First, from the perspective of creation, Digital Fashion Images are technical images produced by computers. Uncanny characteristics expressed through virtual images look more realistic than the actual ones used in experimental works of fashion designers. Such virtuality dynamically expresses various colors and fabric patterns through lights using digital technologies that do not yet exist in cloth form, rather in a non-material form of dynamic virtual imagery. Digital fashion images on monitors express digital fashion designs by shaping virtual images through 3D printing. Second, Digital Fashion Images from the perspective of acceptance are created through deconstruction, while fashion has only been previous viewed visually, Digital Fashion delivers immersions of visual touches as if directly experienced for accepters. Digital Fashion will continuously develop and become more influential as it converges with digital media.

Muscle satellite cell (SC) is responsible for postnatal muscle growth, repair, and regeneration. Satellite cell is an im-portant source of multi-potent stem cell process and differentiation into adipogenic, myogenic, and osteoblastogenic. The objective of this study was to identify alter of transcriptome during differentiation in porcine satellite cell and to elevated transcriptome at different stages of postnatal development to gain insight into the differences in differ-entiated PSC. We used RNA-seq technique to investigate the transcriptomes during differentiation in pig muscle. Sequence reads were obtained from Illumina HiSeq2000. Differentially expressed genes (DEG) were detected by EdgeR. Gene ontology (GO) terms are powerful tool for unification among representation genes or products. In study of GO biological terms, functional annotation clustering involved in cell cycle, apoptosis, extracellular matrix, phosphoryla- tion, proteolysis, and cell signaling in differences stage. Taken together, these results would be contributed to a better understanding of muscle biology and processes underlying differentiation. Our results suggest that the source of DEGs could be better understanding of the mechanism of muscle differentiation and transdifferentiation.

Satellite cells were derived from muscular tissue in postnatal pig. Satellite cell is an important to growth and development in animal tissues or organs. However, the progress underlying induced differentiation is not clear. The aim of this study was to evaluate the morphologic and the transcriptome changes in porcine satellite cell (PSC) treated with insulin, rosiglitazone, or dexamethasone respectively. PSC was obtained from postnatal muscle tissue. In study 1, for study the effect of insulin and FBS on the differentiated satellite cells, cells were cultured at absence or presence of insulin treated with FBS. Total RNA was extracted for determining the expression levels of myo-genic PAX3, PAX7, Myf5, MyoD, and myogenin genes by real-time PCR. Myogenic genes decreased expression levels of mRNA in treated with insulin. In study 2, in order to clarify the relationship between rosiglitazone and lipid in differentiated satellite cells, we further examined the effect of FBS on lipid accumulation in the presence or absence of the rosiglitazone and lipid. Significant differences were observed between rosiglitazone and lipid by FBS. The mRNA of FABP4 and PPARγ increased in rosiglitazone treatment. In study 3, we examined the effect of dexame-thasone on osteogenic differentiation in PSC. The mRNA was increased osteoblasotgenic ALP and ON genes treated with dexamethasone in 2% FBS. Dexamethasone induces osteoblastogenesis in differentiated PSC. Taken together, in differentiated PSCs, FABP4 and PPARγ increased to rosiglitazone. Whereas, no differences to FBS and lipid. These results were not comparable with previous reports. Our results suggest that adipogenic, myogenic, and osteoblasto-genic could be isolated from porcine skeletal muscle, and identify culture conditions which optimize proliferation and differentiation formation of PSC.

Muscular satellite cell (SC), which is stem cell of postnatal pig, is an important for study of differentiation into adipogenesis, myogenesis, and osteoblastogenesis. In this study, we isolated and examined from pig muscle tissue to determine capacity in proliferate, differentiate, and expression of various genes. Porcine satellite cells (PSC) were isolated from semimembranosus (SM) muscles of 90∼100 days old pigs according to standard conditions. The cell proliferation increased in multi-potent cell by Masson’s, oil red O, and Alizarin red staining respectively. We per-formed the expression levels of differentiation related genes using real-time PCR. We found that the differentiation into adipocyte increased expression levels of both fatty acid binding protein 4 (FABP4) and peroxisome proliferator- acti-vated receptor gamma (PPARγ) genes (p<0.01). Myocyte increased the expression levels of the myosin heavy chain (MHC), myogenic factor 5 (Myf5), myogenic regulatory factor (MyoD), and Myogenic factor 4 (myogenin) (p<0.01). Osteo-blast increased the expression levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) (p<0.01). Finally, porcine satellite cells were indu-ced to differentiate towards adipogenic, myogenic, and osteoblastogenic lineages. Our results suggest that muscle satellite cell in porcine may influence cell fate. Understanding the progression of PSC may lead to improved strat-egies for augmenting meat quality.

Avian Influenza (AI) is an avian disease that break out by AI virus (AIV). As Hemagglutinin (HA) that is a main antigen surface protein of influenza virus that causes these influenza infection changes continuously, HA escapes bond of guided antibody by host"s immunity system. Specification region (HA91-261) of HA molecule that reconize receptor (sialic acid) of host cell is well-preserved without changing relatively, but is gotten buried on inside of trimer structure in natural conditions, is reported that development of effective vaccine or cure for HA protein is difficult because is not exposed to immunity system. Aptamer is relatively small strand DNA or RNA, and has high affinity to specific proteins. In this study, new aptamer DNAs were screened which can specifically bind to the receptor binding region of HA H9 protein.

Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a predominantly pediatric disease involving uncontrolled proliferation of white blood cells within the bone marrow, is strongly associated with chromosomal translocations. The human chromosomal translocation t(12;21)(p12;q22) is the most frequently encountered chromosomal rearrangement in pediatric B-lineage ALL, and results in fusion of the TEL and RUNX1 genes. The resulting TEL/RUNX1 fusion protein is generally thought to be a transcriptional repressor that interferes with RUNX1-mediated transactivation. We used a luciferase assay system to investigate the effects of TEL/RUNX1 and PEBP2β on RUNX1-mediated transactivation. TEL/RUNX1 blocked the synergistic transactivation achieved by PEBP2β and RUNX1, and coimmunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence analyses showed that PEBP2β interacted with TEL/RUNX1 and was sequestered in the cytoplasm. Theses results suggest that TEL/RUNX1 inhibits RUNX1-mediated transactivtion via cytoplasmic sequestration of coactivator(s) such as PEBP2β.

This study had two main objectives. We first investigated which weather phenomena people were most concerned about in the context of climate change or global warming. Then, we conducted content analysis to find which words were more commonly used with climate change or global warming. For this, we collected web data from Twitter, Naver, and Daum from April to October 2019 in the Republic of Korea. The results suggested that people were more concerned about air quality, followed by typhoons and heat waves. Because this study only considered one warm period in the year of 2019, winter-related weather phenomena such as cold wave and snowfall were not well captured. From Twitter, we were able to find wider range of terminologies and thoughts/opinions than Naver and Daum. Also, more life-relevant weather events such as typhoons and heat waves in Twitter were commonly mentioned compared to Naver and Daum. On the other hand, the comments from Naver and Daum showed relatively narrower and limited terms and thoughts/ opinions. Especially, most of the comments were influenced by headlines of articles. We found many comments about air quality and energy/economic policy. We hope this paper could provide background information about how to promote the climate change education and public awareness and how to efficiently interact with general audiences.

Cell based grid data of future temperature and precipitation produced with four RCP scenarios were converted into polygon based data for administrative districts using three simple vectorizing methods; (1) KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based, (2) areal ratio based and (3) central point based methods. The results were compared the existed KMA areal weight based methods to identify which methods were more efficient than others. Simple statistical methods such descriptive statistics, correlation coefficient, and Bland & Altman plots (B&A) were used to compare agreements between them. When central point and areal ratio based methods were applied to administrative districts of Eup-Myeon-Dong or some Gus, NULLs were found because their sizes are smaller than the cell of 1x1 km. Therefore, KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based methods were better when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the cell size. For Do and Metropolitan cities, there were no greater differences among methods except for the KMA Dong- Nae forecast points. The greater the areas of administrative districts the more distortions from the KMA Dong-Nae forecast points because only KMA Dong-Nae forecast one point were used for the calculation. In conclusion, the KMA Dong-Nae forecast point based method was appropriate when sizes of administrative districts are smaller than the grid cell. For the greater areal sizes such as Do and Metropolitan cities, areal ratio and central point based methods were better.

This paper has identified detailed climate types and their geographical extents in the Republic of Korea using MK (Modified Korean)-PRISM (Parameter-elevation Regression on Independent Slopes Model) 1×1km high-resolution grid climate data and Trewartha climate classification. When considering 60 ASOS (The Automated Synoptic Observing Systems) stations, only four climate types were identified over South Korea. Three climate types, Dca (52%), Doa (28%) and Cfa (18%), were prevalent while Dcb type was only located at Daegwallyeong. When based on a high-resolution grid climate data, six climate types were identified including Dob and E types which were not detected with ASOS stations. High-resolution grid climate data reflected better and detailed geographical characteristics. Areas occupied by Cfa climate types were located along the narrow southern and Jeju coastal areas, dedicating only 6.9% of South Korea. Trewartha climate classification was also applied to 1km×1km RCP scenarios. The most distinct feature of future climate changes based on RCPs was a larger expansion of Cfa and Doa types with a drastic reduction of Dca and Dcb, indicating that a warmer and wetter climate would be prevalent over South Korea in the latter period of this century. Even for RCP2.6, all the coastal areas, some of Seoul metropolitan area, a large part of Daegu and Gwangju metropolitan areas would be classified as Cfa. For RCP8.5, 51.5% of South Korea would be occupied by the Cfas and 25.1% by the Doas, leaving only 23.2% of Dcas.

We have identified ATTIRTA1 transposon, a kind of mariner-type DNA transposon from Brassica rapa genome. A total of 811 inverted-terminal repeat, ITR consisting of the both terminal on ATTIRTA1 transposon were found from B. rapa v1.1 sequence. Among them 616 ITR were paired by two in each transposon, indicating three quarters of the transposon exists in original form. Around 10 percentage of the transposon, 82 ITR was located in gene, expecially only in intron. Using these ATTRRTA1, we developed a display system modified from AFLP technique and applied for this system to analyze genetic diversity of Korea Brassica rapa core collection. The collection includes 220 accessions representing the different morphotypes and geographical origin. The analysis of population structure revealed five subgroups and the clustering patterns matched well with their morphological traits. ATTIRTA1 transposon display seems useful marker system for studying genetic relationships. Presently we have profiled the components and contents of glucosinolate in the core collection to analyze genome wide association. This collection will be helpful to identify agriculturally desirable traits from other supspecies.