Recently, public complaints about unpleasant odor are increasing, particularly in urban areas. One of the odor sources is meat grilling restaurants in the vicinity of the residential areas. In this study, we characterized the odorous compounds generated from the stack of grilling restaurants, and evaluated the removal efficiency of the control facilities. As a result of the field investigation, the dilution index of the complex odor exceeded 500 times that of all test restaurants. The main substance was acetaldehyde. In addition, the correlation coefficient (R2) between the total odor and the sum of odor activity values (SOAV) was 0.73, a value high enough to indicate significant responsibility. The performance of the control facility has been shown to be strongly influenced by maintenance activities, such as cleaning and filter replacements.

This study was performed to investigate the understanding and recognition status on separation anxiety in dogs. Most breeders(95% of the survey respondents) knew about separation anxiety in dogs, but they often neglected their dogs with no treatment and no taking care of them. Symptoms of separation anxiety are mental anxiety conditions, such as severely barking, disturbing house littered, defecation mistake and self-injury. Breeders may suffer the hardships with their dogs having separation anxiety. So the efforts are needed to reduce the occurrence of separation anxiety, and it is desirable for patients to seek animal behavior counseling, behavioral correction training, and medication therapy.

한국의 남해안은 서해안에 비하여 조석 간만의 차가 작아 갯벌이 발달할 수 있는 면적이 상대적으로 넓지 않은 특성 을 가지고 있으며, 갯벌에 대한 조사나 연구 결과도 서해안 을 중심으로 많이 이루어지고 있다 해도 과언이 아닐 정도 로 남해안 갯벌에 관한 연구는 그리 많지 않은 실정이다. 여자만은 전라남도 여수, 순천 및 고흥에 걸쳐 위치하고 있 으며, 연안갯벌이 발달되어 패류양식이 많은 곳이다. 그러 나 최근 갯벌은 내부로 유입되는 몇몇 소하천에 의하여 형 성되었으며, 인근 농경지에서 유입되는 다량의 유기물과 영 양염류 및 오염 물질에 직접적으로 노출되는 환경에 놓여 있다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 이러한 내부 및 외부적 환경 요인들에 의해 변화할 수 있는 갯벌의 계절별 저서 생물상 에 관한 공간 분포를 파악하고자 추진하였다. 조사 대상지인 여자만에 대한 문헌 및 사전 현장 조사를 기초로 하여 전라남도 여자만에 위치한 궁항마을 앞 갯벌 (34°47′02,93″, 127°34′19,35″)을 실험 대상지로 선 정하였다. 기간은 2012년 1월부터 12월까지 조사하였으며, 모든 조사는 간조시 상자형 코어(30 cm2) 및 주입식 코어 (깊이 50 cm)를 사용하여 약 30~50 cm 깊이까지 정점당 4회씩 채집하였다. 저서 동물은 채집된 퇴적물을 현장에서 해수로 망목크기 0.5 mm인 체에 걸러 분리한 후 해수로 중화된 10% 포르말린으로 고정하였다. 실험실에서는 주요 동물군 별로 선별하여 습중량과 개체수를 측정하였고, 가능 한 종 수준까지 동정하였다. 종별 개체수 자료를 이용하여 각 정점의 종 다양성 및 균등도 지수를 구하였다. 또한 정점 간 출현종의 유사정도를 보기 위해 현존량 자료를 이용하여 Bray-Curtis 유사도 지수를 사용하여 조사 정점의 수지도를 작성하여 집괴 분석을 실시하였다. 이외 서식 환경중 수온 및 pH 등은 현장에서 조사하였다. 조사 기간 동안 궁항 갯벌에 출현한 대형 저서 동물을 월 별로 분석한 결과, 2월에는 Batillaria multiformis가 133개체 출현하여 우점종으로 나타났고, Batillaria cumingii는 22개 체로 아우점종으로 나타났으며, 그 외 3종이 출현하였다. 3 월과 4월에는 우점종과 아우점종이 Batillaria multiformis와 Cerithidea cingulata로 나타났다. 2월과 비교하여 3월은 Macrophthalmus sp., 4월에는 Monodontalabio가 새로 출 현한 것으로 나타났다. 월별 출현종 수에서는 2월과 3월에 총 7종, 4월에는 5종이 출현한 것으로 나타났다. 8월에는 Nephtys sp.가 48% 우점종으로 나타났으며, 9월에는 Batillaria multiformis가 우점종으로 출현하였다. 겨울철인 12월에 Batillaria multiformis와 Heteromastus filiformis 종 이 우점종과 아우점종으로 각각 70% 및 20%로 나타났다. 조사 결과 궁항 갯벌의 대형 저서 동물은 적은 조차와 하천 수의 영향으로 대조차 갯벌에서 일반적으로 나타나는 대상 분포가 뚜렷하게 보이지 않았으며, 크게 하나의 동물 군집 을 형성하고 있는 것으로 나타났다.

Prostatic calculi are common finding in radiographic examination, however, the true incidence and the clinical significance are not clearly known. We investigated the prevalence of prostatic calculi and the relationship between prostatic calcification and urolithiasis. From a database, 305 consecutive subjects older than 30 years of age who had undergone regular health checks in our hospital from January 2007 to July 2009 were enrolled in this study. Prostatic calculi and urinary stones were confirmed by non-enhanced CT. According to the presence of prostatic calculi, they were divided into two groups and the relationship with urolithiasis was determined using statistical analysis. Among 305 male subjects, prostatic calculi were found in 97 (31.9%), which revealed a linear trend with aging (r=0.928, p=0.023), while asymptomatic upper urinary tract stones were found in 45 subjects (14.9%). A significant difference was observed in mean age (p<0.001), however, no difference was observed in prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HT), and body mass index (BMI). In the prostatic calculi group, 24 (24.7%) subjects had previously unknown urolithiasis, while only 21 subjects (10.1%) in the non-prostatic calculi group had urinary stones. The prevalence of urolithiasis was significantly higher in men with prostatic calcification than in those without prostatic calcification (OR=2.92, 95% CI: 1.53-5.58, p=0.001). No significant differences in serum chemistry were observed between the two groups. Among the 45 patients with urolithiasis, no significant differences were observed in the mean stone size according to the presence of prostatic calcification. Our data showed that prostatic calcification was prevalent up to approximately 31.9% and was frequently combined with upper urinary tract stones. These results indicate that evaluation for urolithiasis might be needed in patients with incidentally detected prostatic calcification.

Purpose – Retail companies are turning from one type of retailer to multiple business categories through various reasons, such as taking advantage of existed types of retailers’ channel distribution, information and know-how, and entering into new types of retailers. However, there is few research conducted about multiple type of retailers. Research design, data, and methodology – In this research, the references, data and new stores on E-mart will be collected. The dissertation, annual report, statistical data, land-book of E-mart will be also collected to confirm whether E-mart has made any acquisition towards another company. Results – There is a tendency to new stores expansion, store enlargement and prolonging the opening preparation of new stores, based on the core of new stores expansion of E-mart as a general supermarket type of retailers. Based on general supermarket type of retailers, E-mart begins to diversify its retail company’s type of retailers. Conclusions – As a general supermarket which is the most important type of retailers, E-mart is expanding into SSM type of retailers to seek new power of growth while slowdown growth is shown in general supermarket type of retailers. The expansion into SSM type of retailers would be a wise option as a retail company, E-mart is able to keep growing in the future.

The representative research institutes in North Korea are the Academy of Science and the laboratories of major universities. The National Academy of Science consists of headquarters, Academy of Medicinal Science, Academy of Forestry Science, and Academy of Agricultural Science. Under the authority of the National Academy of Science, Central Information Agency for Science and Technology (CIAST) has built up a database system integrating all the science technology data to provide scientific and technological information. The major universities of North Korea include Kim Il-sung University, Kim Chaek University of Technology, Pyongyang Agricultural College, and Wonsan Agricultural College, and an agricultural college is situated in each province. Out of 3,860 plant species in North Korea, 158 species which amounts to approximately 4% of the total are rare and endangered, and deforestation is under a critical situation. The Oriental Medicine (Koryo Medicine) has been well developed using medicinal plants, and practical researches on biotic pesticide are largely conducted as an alternative to tackle the shortage of farming materials. Hereafter, a South-North joint research on the amount of plant resources and the methods of its conservation is needed and the North Korean research areas of biotic pesticide are worth adopting to the South Korean eco-friendly organic agriculture.