광릉 숲의 곤충상 조사는 1932년으로 거슬러 올라간다. 광릉 숲의 경로조사법에 의한 나비상 모니터링 연구는 1998년부터 2023년까지 지속되었다. 26년 동안 총 223회 조사를 실시한 결과 118종, 20,181개체가 확인되었다. 봄철 출현하는 나비중 8종(노랑나비, 대만흰나비, 먹부전나비, 멧팔랑나비, 쇳빛부전나비, 애호랑나비, 큰줄흰나 비, 흰줄표범나비)은 첫 출현일이 빨라지는 경향을 보였으며, 평균 5.2일 빨라졌다. 조사된 나비중에서 큰줄흰나 비, 뿔나비, 남방부전나비 순서로 많은 개체수가 확인되었으며, 연 출현 빈도는 큰줄흰나비가 26회로 가장 많았다. 확인된 나비의 분포, 서식지, 식성에 따라 분류한 결과 분포는 북방계 27%, 남방계 14%이며, 서식지는 산림 경계 36%, 산림 내부 33%, 초지 30% 그리고 식성은 다식성 8%, 단식성 42%, 협식성 51%로 이루어진 것이 확인되었다. 또한, 기후변화 따른 나비류 생활주기 변화 여부를 검토하여 지구온난화 지표 자료로 활용할 계획이다.

Nemophora Hoffmannsegg, 1798 is a relatively large group in Adelidae, including about 350 species worldwide. Only 13 species are known to Korean insect fauna up to date. The present study is to report N. ochsenheimerella, which is new to Korea. N. ochsenheimerella is externally similar to N. wakayamensis but can be distinguished by having characters in male genitalia as follows: cucullus longer than N. wakayamensis and N. ochsenheimerella has two rows of curnus consisting of numerous minute spines.

Tropilaelaps mercedesae Anderson and Morgan, 2007 (Acari: Laelapidae) is a serious ectoparasite of the brood of several honey bee species. Among the four recognized species of Tropilaelaps, Korean population was renamed as T. mercedesae from T. clareae on the basis of morphological evidences and genetic data. In this study, we report the complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) sequence of T. mercedesae. The 15,119-bp long mitogenome has an identical gene arrangement to that of Chinese sample reported previously. Comparison of two geographic samples showed COII, ND5, ND4, ND6, CytB, and ND1 to have higher number of variable sites than COI, which is often used for population-level study, suggesting these genes to have potential usefulness for population genetic study. The mitogenome sequence of T. mercedesae from Korea could be useful for species identification for geographic samples, trace of the origin of local populations, and illustration of evolutionary distinction among Tropilaelaps species either using part of or whole genome.

담배가루이는 전세계의 온대 및 아열대 지방에 넓게 분포하고 있으며, 한국에서는 시설재배작물의 주요 해충 이다. 1998년 충북 친천군 장미재배지에서 처음 확인되었으며, 이후 전국적으로 확산된 것으로 추정된다. 담배가 루이는 고추, 토마토, 오이 등 300종이 넘는 넓은 기주범위를 가지며, 식물체를 흡즙하여 작물의 생산성을 저하시 키고 토마토황화잎말림바이러스(tomato yellow leaf curl virus, TYLCV) 등 100여종이 넘는 바이러스를 매개한다. 담배가루이는 주로 살충제를 이용한 방제가 이루어진다. 하지만 살충제를 이용한 방제법은 살충제 저항성 개체 를 발생시킨다. 살충제 저항성 개체가 발생하게 되면 방제 효율이 급감하여 농가에 추가적인 경제적 피해를 야기 한다. 본 연구는 국내 지역별 담배가루이를 대상으로 약제별 살충제 저항성의 발생 현황을 조사하여, 지역별 효과적인 약제를 탐색하고 향후 방제 전략 수립에 기여하고자 한다. 담배가루이는 전국 15지역(파주, 양평, 화성, 양구, 횡성, 평창, 당진, 천안, 공주, 예천, 구미, 사천, 남원, 나주, 고흥)에서 채집되었다. 살충제는 작용기작 별 사용량이 많은 8종을 선정하였으며, 엽침지법을 사용하여 살충률을 확인하였다. 곤충생장조절제(insect growth regulators, IGR) 피리프록시펜계 약제는 알을 대상으로, 그 외 7개 약제는 2령약충을 대상으로 살충률을 확인하였 다. 모든 지역에서 높은 살충력을 보인 약제는 아버멕틴과 밀베마이신계, 스피노신계, METI살충제, 디아마이드 계 약제이다. 특히 아버멕틴과 밀베마이신계 약제는 살충제 권장사용농도(10ppm)보다 낮은 8.9ppm이하의 LC90 값을 보여 감수성으로 추정되며, 예외적으로 천안 지역의 25.6ppm으로 상대적으로 높은 LC90값을 보였다. 낮은 살충력을 보인 약제는 네오니코티노이드계, 설폭시민계, 피리프록시펜계, 테트론산 및 테트람산 유도체 약제이 다 특히 네오니코티노이드계 약제는 모든 지역에서 살충제 권장사용농도(50ppm)보다 높은 715ppm이상의 LC90 값을 보여, 모든 지역에서 살충제 저항성이 발생한 것으로 추정된다. 실험결과를 통해 살충제 별 살충력의 차이와 지역별 살충제 저항성을 검정하였다. 연구결과를 통해 지역별/약제별 저항성관리 및 대응전략을 수립하여 농업 생산성을 향상시키는 것에 도움이 되고자 한다.

Spodoptera eridania and S. ornithogalli (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which are polyphagous pests that damage various crops such as tomatoes and beans are regulated quarantine species that are highly likely to invade South Korea. Therefore, it is crucial to promptly and accurately identify the presence of S. eridania and S. ornithogalli in crop fields to effectively eradicate as a regulated quarantine species. In this study, we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay, which allows for rapid in-field identification. To develop the LAMP　assay, we selected target species-specific genomic regions from the whole-genome sequences of one target and 13 other lepidopteran species. We validated each five and six primer sets that consistently produced positive reactions in S. eridania and S. ornithogalli, respectively. To test the sensitivity of the each locus, LAMP reactions were performed using various reaction times using crude DNA, which was extracted from various types of adult tissues. All sensitivity tests were also successful.

미디어아트 제작방식중 하나인 미디어 파사드는 화려한 이미지와 색상, 영상표현 기법으로 관람객의 시각적 몰입을 강화하고 호응을 이끈다. 하지만 시각적 이미지 표현에만 집중하는 경우, 제작자가 의도한 메시지나 의미가 관람객에게 전달되기 어려울 수 있으며, 미디어파사드 의 기대효과도 낮아지는 한계점이 있다. 본 연구는 미디어파사드 콘텐츠인 <보물선을 깨우다, 아시아 해양실크로드> 제작 및 전시사례를 통해 전시구성, 서사구조, 시청각적 요소를 분석하 였으며, 이미지 재현과 스토리텔링을 연구하였다. 이를 통해 미디어파사드를 효과적으로 전시 하기 위해서는 선형적 이미지 제시가 아닌 서사구조의 시각이미지가 필요하며, 연속성과 반복 성이 수반되어야 한다는 점, 또 은유와 상징으로 스토리를 재구성하는 방식이 필요하다는 것 을 확인하였다. 향후 이러한 개발방향을 고려한 미디어파사드는 관람객에게 더욱 풍부한 문화 향유 기회를 제공하고 제작자가 의도한 메시지와 의미를 더욱 효과적으로 전달할 수 있을 것 이다.

In this study, we investigated the suppression of the corrosion of cast iron in a copper–cast iron double-layered canister under local corrosion of the copper layer. The cold spray coating technique was used to insert metals with lower galvanic activity than that of copper, such as silver, nickel, and titanium, between the copper and cast iron layers. Electrochemically accelerated corrosion tests were performed on the galvanic specimens in KURT groundwater at a voltage of 1.0 V for a week. The results revealed that copper corrosion was evident in all galvanic specimens of Cu–Ag, Cu–Ni, and Cu–Ti. By contrast, the copper was barely corroded in the Cu–Fe specimens. Therefore, it was concluded that if an inactive galvanic metal is applied to the areas where local corrosion is concerned, such as welding parts, the disposal canister can overcome local or non-uniform corrosion of the copper canister for long periods.

The bentonite buffer material is a crucial component in an engineered barrier system used for the disposal of high-level radioactive waste. Because a large amount of heat from the disposal canister is released into the bentonite buffer material, the thermal conductivity of the bentonite buffer is a crucial parameter that determines the design temperature. At the Korea Atomic Energy Research Institute (KAERI), a new standard bentonite (Bentonil-WRK) has been used since 2022 because Gyeongju (KJ) bentonite is no longer produced. However, the currently available data are insufficient, making it essential to investigate both the basic and complex properties of Bentonil-WRK. Thus, this study evaluated its geotechnical and thermal properties and developed a thermal conductivity empirical model that considers its dry density, water content, and temperature variations from room temperature to 90°C. The coefficient of determination (R2) for the model was found to be 0.986. The thermal conductivity values of Bentonil-WRK were 1–10% lower than those of KJ bentonite and 10–40% higher than those of MX-80 bentonites, which were attributable to mineral-composition differences. The thermal conductivity of Bentonil-WRK ranged between 0.504 and 1.149 W·(m−1·K−1), while the specific heat capacity varied from 0.826 to 1.138 (kJ·(kg−1·K−1)).

The Spectro-Photometer for the History of the Universe, Epoch of Reionization and Ices Explorer (SPHEREx) will provide all-sky spectral survey data covering optical to mid-infrared wavelengths with a spatial resolution of 6.′′2, which can be widely used to study galaxy formation and evolution. We investigate the galaxy-galaxy blending in SPHEREx datasets using the mock galaxy catalogs generated from cosmological simulations and observational data. Only ∼0.7% of the galaxies will be blended with other galaxies in all-sky survey data with a limiting magnitude of 19 AB mag. However, the fraction of blended galaxies dramatically increases to ∼7–9% in the deep survey area around the ecliptic poles, where the depth reaches ∼22 AB mag. We examine the impact of the blending in the number count and luminosity function analyses using the SPHEREx data. We find that the number count can be overestimated by up to 10–20% in the deep regions due to the flux boosting, suggesting that the impact of galaxy-galaxy blending on the number count is moderate. However, galaxy-galaxy blending can marginally change the luminosity function by up to 50% over a wide range of redshifts. As we only employ the magnitude limit at Ks-band for the source detection, the blending fractions determined in this study should be regarded as lower limits.

A force-free field (FFF) is determined solely by the normal components of magnetic field and current density on the entire boundary of the domain. Methods employing three components of magnetic field suffer from overspecification of boundary conditions and/or a nonzero divergence-B problem. A vector potential formulation eliminates the latter issue, but introduces difficulties in imposing the normal component of current density at the boundary. This paper proposes four different boundary treatment methods within the vector potential formulation. We conduct a comparative analysis of the vector potential FFF solvers that we have developed incorporating these methods against other FFF codes in different magnetic field representations. Although the vector potential solvers with the new boundary treatments do not outperform our poloidal-toroidal formulation code, they demonstrate comparable or superior performance compared to the optimization code in SolarSoftWare. The methods developed here are expected to be readily applied not only to force-free field computations but also to time-dependent data-driven simulations.

Hypertension is characterized by excessive renin-angiotensin system activity, leading to blood vessel constriction. Several synthetic compounds have been developed to inhibit renin and angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE). These drugs often have adverse side effects, driving the exploration of plant protein-derived peptides as alternative or supplementary treatments. This study assessed the phenolic compound and amino acid content and the antioxidant and antihypertensive activity of 5 South Korean staple crops. Sorghum had the highest phenolic compound content and exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. Millet grains, particularly finger millet (38.86%), showed higher antihypertensive activity than red beans (14.42%) and sorghum (17.16%). Finger millet was found to contain a large proportion of branched-chain, aromatic, and sulfur-containing amino acids, which are associated with ACE inhibition. In particular, cysteine content was positively correlated with ACE inhibition in the crops tested (r=0.696, p<0.01). This study confirmed that the amino acid composition was more correlated with the antihypertensive activity of grains than the phenolic compound content. Finger millet mainly contained amino acids, which have higher ACE inhibitory activity, resulting in the strongest antihypertensive activity. These findings underscore the antihypertensive potential of select crops as plant-based food ingredients, offering insight into their biological functions.

When the parent radionuclide decays, the progeny radionuclide is produced. Accordingly, the dose contribution of the progeny radionuclide should be considered when assessing dose. For this purpose, European Commission (EC) and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) provide weighting factors for dose coefficient. However, these weighting factors have a limitation that does not reflect the latest nuclide data. Therefore, in this study, we analyzed the EC and IAEA methodology for derivation of weighting factor and used the latest nuclide data from ICRP 107 to derive weighting factors for dose coefficient. Weighting factor calculation is carried out through 1) selection of nuclide, 2) setting of evaluation period, and 3) derivation based on ICRP 107 radionuclide data. Firstly, in order to derive the weighting factor, we need to select the radionuclides whose dose contribution should be considered. If the half-life of progeny radionuclides sufficiently short compared to the parent radionuclide to achieve radioactive equilibrium, or if the dose coefficient is greater of similar to that of the parent radionuclide and cannot be ignored, the dose contribution of the progeny radionuclide should be considered. In order not to underestimate the dose contribution of progeny radionuclides, the weighting factors for the progeny nuclides are taken as the maximum activity ratio that the respective progeny radionuclides will reach during a time span of 100 years. Finally, the weighting factor can be derived by considering the radioactivity ratio and branch fraction. In order to calculate the weighting factor, decay data such as the half-life of the radionuclide, decay chain, and branch fraction are required. In this study, radionuclide data from ICRP 107 was used. As a result of the evaluation, for most radionuclides, the weighting factors were derived similarly to the existing EC and IAEA weighting factors. However, for some nuclides, the weighting factors were significantly different from EC and IAEA. This is judged to be a difference in the half-life and branch fraction of the radionuclide. For example, in the case of 95Zr, the weighting factor for 95mNb showed a 35.8% difference between this study and previous study. For ICRP 38, when 95Zr decays, the branch fraction for 95mNb is 6.98×10-3. In contrast, for ICRP 107, the branch fraction is 1.08×10-2, a difference of 54.7%. Therefore, the weighting factor for the dose coefficient based on ICRP 107 data may differ from existing studies depending on the half-life and decay information of the nuclide. This suggests the need for a weighting factor based on the latest nuclide data. The results of this study can be used as a basis for the consideration of dose contributions for progeny radionuclides in various dose assessments.

The demand for transportation is increasing due to the continuous generation of radioactive wastes. Especially, considering the geographical characteristics of Korea and the location characteristics of nuclear facilities, the demand for maritime transportation is expected to increase. If a sinking accident happens during maritime transportation, radioactive materials can be released into the ocean from radioactive waste transportation containers. Radioactive materials can spread through the ocean currents and have radiological effects on humans. The effect on humans is proportional to the concentration of radioactive materials in the ocean compartment. In order to calculate the concentration of radioactive materials that constantly flow along the ocean current, it is necessary to divide the wide ocean into appropriate compartments and express the transfer processes of radioactive materials between the compartments. Accordingly, this study analyzed various ocean transfer evaluation methodologies of overseas maritime transportation risk codes. MARINRAD, POSEIDON, and LAMER codes were selected to analyze the maritime transfer evaluation methodology. MARINRAD divided the ocean into two types of compartments that water and sediment compartments. And it was assumed that radionuclides are transfered from water to water or from water to sediment. Advection, diffusion, and sedimentation were established as transfer process for radionuclides between compartments. MARINRAD use transfer parameters to evaluate transer processes by advection, diffusion, and sedimentation. Transfer parameters were affected by flow rate, sedimentation rate, sediment porosity, and etc. POSEIDON also divided the ocean into two types that water and sediment compartment, each compartments was detaily divided into three vertical sub-compartment. Advection, diffusion, resuspension, sedimentation, and bioturbation were established as transport processes for radionuclides between compartments. POSEIDON also used transfer parameters for evaluating advection, diffusion, resuspension, sedimentation, and bioturbation. Transfer parameters were affected by suspended sediment rates, sedimentation rates, vertical diffusion coefficients, bioturbation factors, porosity, and etc. LAMER only considered the water compartment. It divided the water compartment into vertical detailed compartments. Diffusion, advection and sedimentation were established as the nuclide transfer processes between the compartments. To evaluated the transfer processes of nuclides for diffusion and advection, LAMER calculated the probability with generating random position vectors for radionuclides’ locations rather than deterministic methods such as MARINRAD’s transfer parameters or POSEIDON’s transfer rates to evaluate transfer processes. The results of this study can be used as a basis for developing radioactive materials’ ocean transfer evaluation model.

The thermal treatment of radioactive waste attracts great attention. The thermal treatment offers lots of advantages, such as significant volume reduction, hazard reduction, increase of disposal safety, etc. There are various thermal technologies to waste. The developed technologies are calcination, incineration, melting, molten salt oxidation, plasma, pyrolysis, synroc, vitrification, etc. The off-gas treatment system is widely applied in the technologies to increase the safety and operation efficiency. The thermal treatment generates various by-product and pollutants during the process. The dust or fly ash are generated as a particulate from almost every radioactive waste. The treatment of PVC related components generates hydrogen chloride, which usually brings corrosion of facility. The treatment of rubber and spent resin generates sulfur oxide, SOx. The treatment of nitrile rubber generates nitrogen oxide, NOx. The incomplete combustion of radioactive waste usually generates carbon oxide, COx. The process temperature also affects the generation of off gas, such as NOx and/or COx. Various off gas treatment components are organized for the proper treatment of the previously mentioned materials. In this study systematical review on off gas treatment will be reported. Also, worldwide experiences and developed facility will be reported.

The primary purpose of high temperature process of radioactive waste is to satisfy the waste acceptance criteria and volume reduction. The WAC offers the guideline of waste form fabrication process. The WAC is defined as quantitative or qualitative criteria specified by the regulatory body, or specified by and operator and approved by the regulatory body, for radioactive waste to be accepted by the operator of a repository for disposal, or by the operator of a storage facility for storage. The main objective of WAC is to protect staff and general public and environment by the containment of radioactive material, limit external radiation level, and prevent criticality. The WAC also offers systematic management of radioactive waste by standardization of waste management operations, facilitation waste tracking, ensure safe and effective operation of operating facilities, etc. Since the high temperature process for radioactive waste is considered in many countries, lots of codes and standards are considered. In many WACs, compressive strength, thermal cycle stability, radiation exposure stability, free liquid, and leachability are evaluation to understand the effect of solidified form to the disposal facility. In this paper, systematical review on waste form will be discussed. In addition, brief result of characterization of waste form will be compared.