In order to effectively utilize thermal energy, we analyzed the performance of the high efficiency latent heat storage system which can be used for greenhouse heating by using the developed phase change material. The system consists of hot water boiler, heat storage material, heat storage box, heat storage tank, circulation pump, control panel, and storage material. As a result, the latent heat and latent heat temperature of sodium acetate hydrate as latent heat storage material are 231.6 ~ 264.8kJ/kg, 54.95 ~ 55.48℃. As the number of cooling and heating increased, the latent heat temperature showed a slight change, but the latent heat decreased 33.1kJ/kg as the number of repetition increased. In the case of sodium acetate hydrate, large supercooling phenomenon was observed, and it was found that mixing of additives such as nucleating agent, thickener and supercooling agent can control the supercooling more effectively. The consumption of kerosene decreased until the temperature of the heat storage tank was raised to the set temperature by the closed circuit for 4 hours in the initial stage of the boiler operation. The heat exchange rate according to the change of the flow rate was maintained at the set temperature inside the heat storage tank after 4 hours of operation, Consumption was high. As the flow rate increased, the inlet and outlet temperature difference decreased, the heat exchange rate increased, and the heat exchange efficiency was in the range of 57.4 ~ 60.5%.

We investigated the period variation for 79 eclipsing binary systems using 20 years (1990-2009) of EROS, Macho, and OGLE survey observations. We discovered 9 apsidal motions, 8 mass transfers, 5 period increasing and decreasing systems, 12 light-travel-time effects, 5 eccentric systems and 40 other systems showing no period variations. We select 3 representative eclipsing binary systems; EROS 1052 for apsidal motion, EROS 1056 for mass transfer, and EROS 1037 for the light-travel-time effect. We determine the period variation rate (dP/dt), orbital parameters of the 3rd body (e3, ω3, f(m3), P3, T3), apsidal motion parameters (dω/dt, U, Ps, Pa, e) and apsidal motion period by analyzing the light curves and O-C diagrams.

DNA methylation at CpG sites, which is a epigenetic modification, is associated with gene expression without change of DNA sequences. During early mouse embryogenesis, dynamic changes of DNA methylation occur. In this study, DNA methylation patterns of porcine embryos produced in vivo and in vitro were examined at various developmental stages by the immunocytochemical staining method. Interestingly, active demethylation was not observed on the paternal pronucleus of porcine zygotes. However, differences were detected in the passive demethylation process between in vivo and in vitro embryos. There was no change in the DNA methylation state until the blastocyst stage of in vivo embryos, whereas partial demethylation was observed in several blastomeres from a 4 cell stage to a morula stage of in vitro embryos. The whole genome of inner cell mass (ICM) and trophectoderm (TE) cells in porcine blastocysts were evenly methylated without de novo methylation. Our findings demonstrate that genome-wide demethylation does not occur in pig embryos during preimplantation development unlike murine and bovine embryos. It indicates that the machinery regulating epigenetic reprogramming may be different between species.

1) 쇠파리의 누대 실내사육을 위한 온도는 약 가 좋으며, 이때 유충기간은 약 6.8일, 용기간은 5.3일, 산란전기간은 10.4일, 성충의 수명은 약 30일이었다. 2) 인공사육에 있어서 용화율은 우화율은 였으며 성비는 1 : 1이었다. 3) 용의 체중량은 약 14.5mg이었으며, Wheat bran medium 보다 Standard medium이 사육성적이 좋았다. 4) medium 125gr에 대한 난의 접종수는 약 310개가 가장 적합하였다. 5) rectangular cage를 사용할 경우, 성충의 resting place는 가 적합할 것으로 본다.

A stroke is the major cause of death and can cause neurological damage. The striatum serves as an input gate of the basal ganglia in assisting motor behavior. The activity-dependent synaptic plasticity in the dorsal striatum (DS) is known to play a key role for recovery of motor control after brain injury. Exercise supports functional recovery from ischemic brain injury through brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) -induced synaptic plasticity. Exercise upregulate the levels of BDNF within both the hippocampus and cerebral cortes and might act as a gate that primes the brain to respond to environmental stimulation, while simultaneously increasing the ability of neurons to resist insult. However, little is known about the effects of exercise on neuroprotection in the DS. Therefore, in this study we attempted to investigate the effects of exercise on the neuronal cell population in the DS. Transient focal brain ischemia was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) on male Sprague-Dawley rats (300±30). Animals were subjected to forced treadmill exercise group and sedentary group after MCAO. Exercise improved neurologic functions measured by modified neurological severity score. Exercise group showed reduced infarct volume measured by vital staining with 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed in the DS with antibodies of neuronal nuclei (NeuN) protein, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), a matured neuronal marker and an astrocyte marker respectively and BDNF. Ischemic injury decreased NeuN+ cell population but exercise attenuated this decrease while increase in GFAP+ cell population induced by MCAO was inhibited by exercise. These findings suggest that the neurological function recovery by exercise after ischemic brain injury may be mediated by alteration of neuronal cell population in the DS.

In present study, attempts were made to preserve abalone (Haliotis discus hannai) sperm in liquid form at low temperature, to evaluate the effect of various diluents in short-term storage on sperm, and cryopreservation procedures were optimized for the cryoprotectants as well as freezing rates, in terms of the motility and survival rate, and the ultrastructural changes of sperm after short-term storage and cryopreservation were observed. The abalone sperm reached maximum motility until about 4min after activation. The motility was constant for about 16min, after which it dropped gradually, and about 50min later all motility ceased. Threshold activation of sperm was found in 40% artificial seawater (ASW), and motility increased as the concentration of ASW increased. In Hanks balanced salt solution without calcium (Ca-Free HBSS, 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg) and 10%, 20%, and 30% ASW the sperm was immotile, and motility once again restored incompletely only in HBSS of 300 and 400 mOsmol/kg, 20% and 30% ASW after 100% ASW was added. Sperm motility was extended following 20 days of cold storage only in 70% and 100% ASW. A high motility index of 3.5-4.5 was observed for the first 8 days in 70% and 80% ASW. In other diluents sperm motility was constant less than 10 days, and the motility index was obviously lower than that of sperm in 70% and 100% ASW. After 20 days of cold storage survival rates of 10.2%-20.7% were obtained in ASW and 300 mOsmol/kg HBSS, and that in 400 HBSS (65.3%) was significantly higher than others. The constant period of sperm motility stored in 70% ASW was longer obviously than that in 100% ASW after 6 days of storage, and the time to maximum motility of sperm stored in 70% increased gradually, while the difference in which of sperm in 100% ASW was not significant. The sperm plunged into liquid nitrogen all died except that sperm using 15% glycerol as cryoprotectant restored 10.4% of motility. The highest motility index (3.4) was obtained with 5% glycerol and freezing procedure: 50℃/min from to .