In recent years, the government has strongly promoted multi-purpose utilization of paddy field. However, poor drainage causes waterlogging stress in upland crops, requiring subsurface drainage technology, resulting in high installation and management costs. To address this issue, a low-cost and high-efficiency technique was developed that utilizes wasted coir substrates which have characteristics of high porosity and good drainage, for upland crop cultivation in paddy fields. Soybeans were grown in both paddy soil and wasted coir slab with two planting densities (80×20 cm and 60×20 cm). The results showed that the coir substrates had better performance than the paddy soil in terms of soil physical and chemical properties and the growth and yield of upland crops are improved. The treatments using wasted coir substrate showed a 41.4% increase in yield and a 21.3% increase in protein content compared to PS treatment. Our findings demonstrate that recycling waste coir substrates to grow upland crops is a positive cultivation strategy to solve some drainage problems in paddy fields. This approach offers a sustainable solution for upland crop production while also addressing the issue of waste management in agriculture.

‘갑주백목’ (Diospyros kaki Thunb cv. Hachiya) 감은 현재 홍시 또는 건시로만 식용되고 있는데 탈삽된 생과로서의 활용이 기대된다. CO2 및 ethanol 탈삽 처리와 동시에 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP)를 처리하여 탈삽과 연화억제에 대한 효과를 보고자 본 연구를 수행하였다. CO2 탈삽은 20L 아크릴 용기를 이용하여 95% CO2를 24시간, ethanol 탈삽은 PE 필름(85.0cm×63.5cm)을 이용하여 99.9% ethanol 20ml를 3일간 상온(23℃)에서 처리하였다. 1-MCP는 탈삽 처리와 동시에 1μL･L-1을 처리하였다. 탈삽 처리 후 상온 모의유통과 3주 저온저장 후 상온 모의유통의 두 가지 조건에서 과실의 품질을 조사하였다. CO2는 처리 종료 후 2일에 ethanol은 5일에 식용이 가능한 상태로 탈삽 되었으며 탈삽이 완료되지 않은 과실은 3주간의 저온 저장에서 완전히 탈삽되었다. 1-MCP는 탈삽속도에는 큰 영향을 미치지 않았으며 CO2와 ethanol 탈삽 모두에서 우수한 연화억제 효과를 나타내었다. 특히, 3주 저온 저장 후 상온 유통에서 1-MCP의 연화억제 효과는 더욱 크게 나타났다. 이상의 결과로 볼 때 1-MCP는 감의 탈삽에 있어 별도의 처리시간을 필요로 하지 않는 효과적인 연화억제 수단으로 판단되며, 이러한 ‘갑주백목’ 탈삽 생과는 향후 국내 유통 및 해외 수출이 기대된다.

본 실험은 마이크로웨이브 처리가 상추 유묘의 생육 변화와 이차대사산물 함량의 변화를 알아보고자 수행되었다. 파종 후 3주째 상추 유묘에 2.45GHz 주파수와 200W의 마이크로 웨이브를 0, 4, 8 및 12초 동안 처리하고, 4주간 식물공장에서 재배한 후 생육 및 성분 분석을 수행하였다. 지하부와 지상부 의 생체중과 건물중, 엽면적, 엽장 및 엽수는 마이크로웨이브 처리시간이 증가할수록 감소하였다. 4초 처리구와 비교하여 12초 처리구에서 chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b 및 총 carotenoids 의 함량이 증가되었으며 총 페놀 함량은 감소하였다. 무처리 구와 비교하여 8초 처리구에서 총 플라보노이드 함량이 감소 하였다. 이러한 결과들은 산화적 스트레스에 의해 이차대사 산물 함량이 변화된 것으로 사료된다. 총 플라보노이드 함량 을 제외한 이차대사산물 함량은 각 처리구에서 무처리구와 비 교하여 유의한 차이가 없었지만, 각 처리구 사이의 유의한 차 이는 200W와 2.45GHz의 마이크로웨이브 처리가 4주 후 상 추의 이차대사산물 함량에 영향을 줄 수 있다는 것을 시사한다.

This study was conducted to predict the energy requirements for maintenance and growth of female Korean black goats during their growth and pregnancy phases. Fifty female goats (18.7±0.27 kg) in their growth phase with an average age of 5 months were stratified by weight and randomly assigned into 5 groups. They were fed 5 diets varying in metabolic energy (ME) [2.32 (G1), 2.49 (G2), 2.74 (G3), 2.99 (G4), and 3.24 (G5) Mcal/kg] until they were 9-month-old. After natural breeding, 50 female goats (30.7±0.59 kg) were stratified by weight and randomly assigned into 5 groups. They were fed 5 diets varying in ME [2.32 (P1), 2.43 (P2), 2.55 (P3), 2.66 (P4), and 2.78 (P5) Mcal/kg]. The average feed intake ranged between 1.5 and 2.0% of the body weight (BW), and there was no significant difference between the treatment groups with goats in growth or pregnancy phases. Average daily gain (ADG) in diet demand during the growth phase increased with an increasing ME density and ranged from 46 to 69 g/d (p<0.01). Feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved with the ME density during the growth phase (p<0.01). The intercept of the regression equation between ME intake and ADG indicated that energy requirement for maintenance of goats during growth and pregnancy phases was 103.53 kcal/BW0.75 and 102.7 kcal/BW0.75, respectively. These results may serve as a basis for the establishment of goat feeding standards in Korea. Further studies are required to assess the nutrient requirement of goats using various methods for improving accuracy.

Oral squamous cell carcinoma is the 1st most common malignancy in oral and maxillofacial area. HPV 16 has been strongly linked to progression of cervical carcinoma. E6 and E7 as a small DNA virus encoding two major oncoproteins of HPV 16 can act together to produce efficient immortalization of primary human epithelial cells. Thus it is important to pursue the development of Immortalized human oral keratinocyte(IHOK) culture model which could be related to the pathogenesis of oral squamous cell carcinoma. If we establish IHOK transfected by E6/E7 genes, IHOK will be accepted as a model system for HPV-linked oral carcinogenesis. The purpose of this study were to culture primary normal human oral keratinocyte(NHOK), and to establish IHOK for studying oral carcinogenesis in the future. NHOK was primarily cultured under normal culture condition, and transformed into IHOK by transfection of E6/E7 genes. After 100 passages depend on Ca++ condition, cultured IHOK was confirmed by growth curve, cornified cell envelope measurement, TGase 1activity, mRNA detection, tumorogenecity and anchorage independence assay. After 100 passages, cultured IHOK showed most basal cell and monolayer of polyhedral cells under 0.15mM Ca++, and small area of stratification and flattened epithelial cells with irregular border under 1.2mM Ca++. The cultured IHOK showed relatively resistant growth under high calcium condition. The E6/E7 mRNA was detected in cultured IHOK by RT-PCR. During the terminal differentiation in cultured IHOK, increased insoluble cornified cell envelope formation was accompanied with induction of TGase 1 activity. But the cultured IHOK showed less CEM and TGase 1 activity than those of cultured NHOK. Cultured IHOK showed non-tumorogenecity, but slight anchorage independence. We had developed a technique to transform NHOK into IHOK by transfection of E6/E7 genes. Cultured IHOK was established as intermediate stage cell to study the pathogenesis of human oral squamous cell carcinoma.

A new six-rowed naked barley cultivar, “Saenul”, was developed from a double cross between the F1 of Yonezawamochi/Olbori and Dangomugi at National Honam Agricultural Experiment Station RDA in 2001. It has the traits of early maturity, cold resistance, re