In the event of a radioactive release, it is essential to quickly detect and locate the source of the release, as well as track the movement of the plume to assess the potential impact on public health and safety. Fixed monitoring posts are limited in their ability to provide a complete picture of the radiation distribution, and the information they provide may not be available in real-time. This is why other types of monitoring systems, such as mobile monitoring, aerial monitoring, and personal dosimeters, are also used in emergency situations to complement the information provided by fixed monitoring posts. Also, the monitoring system can be improved by using the Kriging technique, which is one of the interpolation methods, to predict the radiation dose in the relevant districts. This can be achieved by utilizing both the GPS information and the radiation dose measured at a particular point. The Kriging method involves estimating the value between different measurement points by considering the distance between them. The model used GPS and radiation data that were measured around the Hanbit NPP. The data were collected using a radiation measuring detector on a bus that traveled around the NPP area at 2-second intervals for one day. From the collected data, 200 data points were randomly selected for analysis, excluding the data measured at the bus garage out of a total of 16,550 data points. The average dose of the daily measurement data was 117.94 nSv/h, and the average dose of the 200 randomly extracted data was 119.17 nSv/h. The GPS and radiation dose data were utilized to predict the radiation dose around the Yeonggwang area where the Hanbit NPP is located. In the event of an abnormal release of radioactive material, it can be difficult to accurately determine the dose unless a monitoring measurement point is present. This can delay the rapid evacuation of residents during an emergency situation. By utilizing the Kriging model to make predictions, it is anticipated that more accurate dose predictions can be generated, particularly during accident scenarios. This can aid in the development of appropriate resident protection measures.

Republic of Korea (ROK) is operating the Integrated Environmental Radiation Monitoring Network (IERNet) in preparation for a radioactive emergency based on Article 105 of the Nuclear Safety Act (Monitoring of Nationwide Radioactive Environment). 215 radiation monitoring posts are monitoring a wide area, but their location is fixed, so they can’t cover areas where the post is not equipped around the Nuclear Power Plants (NPPs). For this, a mobile radiation monitoring system was developed using a drone or vehicle. However, there are disadvantages: it is performed only at a specific cycle, and an additional workforce is required. In this study, a radiation monitoring system using public transportation was developed to solve the above problems. Considering the range of dose rates from environmental radiation to high radiation doses in accidents, the detector was designed by combining NaI (TI) (in the low-dose area) and GM detector (in the high-dose area). Field test was conducted by installed on a city bus operated by Yeonggwang-gun to confirm the performance of the radiation monitoring system. As a result of the field test, it was confirmed that data is transmitted from the module to the server program in both directions. Based on this study, it will be possible to improve the radiation monitoring capability near nuclear facilities.

Once a radioactive material is released from the nuclear power plant (NPP) by accident, it is necessary to understand the behavior of radioactive plume to protect residents adequately. For this, it is essential to measure the radiation dose rate around NPPs at important locations. Our previous study developed a movable radiation detector that can be installed quickly in an accident to measure gamma dose rate in areas where environmental radiation monitoring system is not installed. The data measured by the detector are transmitted to the server in real-time through LoRA wireless communications. There are two methods to use LoRA communications; one is self-network, and the other is the network provided by the mobile carrier. A signal receiver, called a gateway, should be equipped near the installation location of radiation detectors to use a self-network without using the mobile carrier’s system. In other words, the movable radiation detectors we made can function if there should be any gateway near them. The distance capable of communication between gateway and detector is about 8 km in an open area without significant obstacles. Korea has many significant obstacles, such as mountains around most NPPs. Thus, the gateways could be installed in the proper position before the accident to operate the movable radiation detectors without problems. If the gateway is located at a high position like a mountain top, it could cover a wide area. In this study, the elevation database in the area around the NPPs was collected and analyzed to determine where gateways should be installed. The analysis range is limited in the urgent protective action planning zone. The optimization was also performed to minimize the number of gateways.

Online search advertising (aka, sponsored or paid search advertising) is a technology that any matched advertisement is displayed on Web pages as online users’ query results from search engines and Web portals (e.g., Google, Bing, Baidu, Naver, and Yahoo!). In specific, after online users type search keywords on the search box (at this stage, online users become searchers), search engines match users’ query texts to phrases included in search advertisement. Then, if an advertiser’s investment on her/his search advertisement is high enough, the advertisement is likely to be displayed on a search engine results (called “impression”) (Hanson and Kalyanam 2007; Jansen et al. 2009; Jansen and Clark 2017; Moore, Stammerjohan, and Coulter 2005). Once a searcher clicks a displayed advertisement and arrives on the advertiser’s landing page, s/he becomes a visitor by clicking the impression. As benefits of utilizing search keywords, online search advertising can reduce search costs and increase information accessibility by potential customers. In addition, because online search advertising provides relevant search results based on the users’ own queries, it is considered less intrusive than banner advertisement and widely used by many marketers (Ghose and Yang 2009; Johnson, Bruner, and Kumar 2006; Quinton and Khan 2009; Rangaswamy, Giles, and Seres 2009; Yang and Ghose 2010).

Numerous studies have reported that good adhesion and fluorination of carbon materials in a fluoropolymer matrix enhance their electrical and mechanical properties. However, a composite reinforced with oxyfluorinated graphite has not been reported for improving mechanical properties. This paper discusses the fabrication of conductive fluorinated ethylene–propylene (FEP)/oxyfluorinated graphite (f-graphite) composite bipolar plates (BPs) via compression molding. To investigate the effects of fluorinating graphite, graphite with a large particle size of 500 μm was mixed with FEP powder with a small particle size of 8 μm through ball milling. The FEP/graphite composites exhibited high anisotropic electrical conductivity with the in-plane conductivity much higher than the through-plane conductivity because of the planar orientation of the graphite sheets. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the composites such as flexural strength tended to deteriorate with increasing graphite content. In particular, the FEP/f-graphite composites exhibited excellent flexural strength of 12 MPa, much higher than that of FEP/graphite composites at 9 MPa with a graphite content of 80 wt%. The interfacial interaction between FEP and f-graphite led to improved physical compatibilization, which contributed to enhance the mechanical properties of these composites. Our results are a step toward developing BPs for use in high-temperature fuel cells and heat-sink components.

Celebrity endorsement is defined as an agreement between a publicly recognized celebrity and an entity to use the celebrity’s fame to promote a brand or product. Generally, a celebrity is defined as a famous singer, actor, or athlete who frequently appears in public. The celebrity uses his/her public recognition to persuade consumers to purchase a specific product by the endorsement, and the celebrity accepts remunerations from the firm. Celebrity endorsement has been prevalent as an advertising strategy and many advertisers invest enormous amount of money for the celebrity endorsement. Prior research has examined the economic benefits or effectiveness of celebrity endorsement and found that celebrity endorsement attracts attention from consumers and polishes a tarnished brand image, and the celebrity may help advertisements stand out, thus improving their communicative ability. Apart from a general celebrity endorsement advantage, previous studies have found the factors that affect the success or failure of celebrity endorsement. An attractive celebrity can positively influence advertising evaluation, and a celebrity with expertise can increase consumers’ purchase intention through product. In addition, consumers prefer a product endorsed by a highly trustworthy celebrity. Specifically, on the economic worth of celebrity endorsement, most studies have indicated a positive effect. An announcement of a celebrity endorsement contract can bring a positive abnormal benefit to a firm’s stock price. Celebrity endorsement also helps increase the intangible value of a firm, which is the source of competitive edge and sustainable growth. However, despite recent interest in the return on advertising investment, it is not known how and which source factor of the celebrity endorsement can be explained with the firm value. By using text mining and sentiment analysis, the results of this study explain that the sustainable firm value is impacted by various sources of celebrity endorsement. First, the number of words regarding celebrity attractiveness, expertise, and trustworthiness has an impact on the sustainable firm value. Among the three sources, trustworthiness has the biggest impact on the sustainable firm value, which is Tobin’s Q. Second, regarding attractiveness and expertise, increasing proportion of positive words has impact on the firm value. On the other hand, regarding trustworthiness, the number of negative words on occupational issues is important. Third, different celebrity expertise has different impact on the sustainable firm value depending on the degree of job uniqueness and replaceability. Fourth, once the celebrity has lost his/her trustworthiness, the negative impact is hardly recovered as the negative interaction effect between positive impact of celebrity expertise on the sustainable firm value and the loss of trustworthiness is over seven times higher than the positive effects from the expertise. This implies that if an advertiser carefully manages other effects except for the loss of trustworthiness, he/she cannot offset the failure.

In this study, we propose an efficient two-phase heuristic policy, called an acceptance tolerance control policy, for Infrastructure as a Service (IaaS) cloud services that considers both the service provider and customer in terms of profit and satisfaction, respectively. Each time an IaaS cloud service is requested, this policy determines whether the service is accepted or rejected by calculating the potential for realizing the two performance objectives. Moreover, it uses acceptance tolerance to identify the possibility for error with the chosen decision while compensating for both future fluctuations in customer demand and error possibilities based on past decisions. We conducted a numerical experiment to verify the performance of the proposed policy using several actual IaaS cloud service specifications and comparing it with other heuristics.

Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is one of the important modes of action available for the control of insects. An assessment was made of the electric eel AChE inhibitory activity of 55 endophytic fungi isolated from the leaves of Huperzia serrata collected in Eunshi, Hubei Province, China. Of 55 mycelial extracts and 55 ethyl acetate-soluble fractions from liquid culture of the fungi, the ethyl acetate-soluble fraction of strain ES056 exhibited strong AChE inhibitory activity (88%) at a concentration of 100 μg/mL. Based on morphological characteristics and nuclear ribosomal DNA ITS sequence analysis, this fungus showed greatest similarity to members of the order Eurotiales and was shown to be most closely related to members of the Aspergillus aculeatus group. It was designated Aspergillus sp. MY056. This strain merits further study as a potential anti-AChE product.

토마토 TYLCV는 병이 발생되면 약제나 다른 방법으로 방제가 어려우므로 내병성 품종의 개발이 반드시 필요하다. 특히, TYLCV 저항성 유전자 Ty-1,2,3(부분우성)을 한 개체 내로 집적을 시켜서 저항성이 증대된 품종의 개발이 필요하다. 토마토 TYLCV 저항성 11-TY1-AV 등 7계통을 대상으로 보독인 담배가루이를 이용하여 표현형을 조사하였다. 이병성 대비(11-TY5-AV; 슈퍼썬로드)와 F3 세대 3계통 및 F2 세대 4계통을 TYLCTHV 균주를 이용하여 접종하였다. 접종 13일 후에 이병성 대비가 100% 이병증상을 나타내었으며, 이때 11-TY4-AV는 48개체 중에서 23개체가 이병되었으며, 11-TY6-AV는 42개체 중에서 14개체, 11-TY7-AV는 48개체 중에서 14개체, 11-TY8-AV는 48개체 중에서 15개체가 이병 되었다. F2 세대 4 집단 모두 p>0.05 수준에서 TYLCV 접종 후 표현형이 정상적인 유전분리비(3:1)를 보이는 것을 확인 하였다. 또, TYLCV에 저항성인 동일한 자원을 부계로 사용하더라도 모계로 어떤 것을 사용 하느냐에 따라서 저항성 정도가 다르게 나타나는 것을 확인할 수 있었다.

To derive coronal temperature, electron density and nonthermal velocity, we have analyzed high resolution spectra (e.g., Fe XII 338.3, Fe XII 352.1, Fe XIV 334.2, Fe XIV 353.8, Fe XV 284.2, Fe XV 321.8, Fe XV 327.0, Fe XVI 335.4, and Fe XVI 360.8) taken from AR 6615 by SERTS (Solar Extreme Ultraviolet Rocket Telescope and Spectrograph). Important findings emerging from the present study are as follows: (1) Temperature estimated from Fe XVI 335.4 and Fe XIV, 334.2 is ~2.4 × 106 K and no systematic difference in temperature is found between the active region and its adjacent quiet region; (2) Mean electron density estimated from Fe XV is ~3 × 109 cm -3 and ~10 10 cm-3 from Fe XII and Fe XIV; (3) Mean density of the active region is found to be higher than that of the quiet region by a factor of 2; (4) Nonthermal velocity estimated from Fe XV and Fe XVI is 20 ~ 25 km s-l which decreases with increasing ionization temperatures. This supports the notion that the nonthermal velocity declines outwards above the transition region.

평면 뼈대구조물의 매우 큰 변형에 대하여 정확한 비선형 유한요소의 정식화 과정을 나타내었다. 유한요소 의 구성은 변화되는 재료의 기준 불성치에 근가 릎- 두고 형성하였으며 매 우 큰 변형을 받 는 재 료 의 성질을 명 확하게 특성지어 진응력-변형율 관계식을 직접 적용핫 수 있도록 하였다. 큰회전파 작은 변형융을 받는 분제 들올 형성하기 위하여 Co.rotation 접 끈 방볍을 사용하였다. 큰 변형을 일으키는 요소의 문 제플 해 결 하기 위 하여 직선보 형태의 유한요소플 사용하였으며 개개의 유한요소의 정삭화는 축방향력의 영향을 고려하여 111 소 처짐보이론올 바탕으로 형성하였다. 본 연구에서 형성된 큰 변형에 대한 비선형 유한요소의 타당성을 확인하 기 위해 몇몇 수치해들을 해석하고 검토하였다.

한국산 Longidoridae 과 선충을 채집하여 분류동정한 결과 경상북도에서 Xiphinema속의 X. zulu, X. setariae 그리고 Longidorus속의 L. sylphus등 3종이 우리나라 미기록종으로 밝혀졌으며 이들의 형태적 특징, 채집지, 기주식물 등을 보고한다.

하천수사용 관리를 적정하게 관리하기 위해서는 객관적인 하천수사용량 자료가 수집되어야 한다. 그러나, 하천수 사용자의 취수여건을 고려하여 유량계 외에 수문조작 등의 간접적인 계측방법을 인정하고 있고, 사용자의 자발적인 보고에 의존함에 따라 자료의 객관화가 어려운 실정이다. 이에 한강홍수통제소에서는 농업용수 사용 비중이 커 하천유량 파악이 어려운 만경강의 고산~봉동 수위관측소 구간에 위치한 어우보 취수로에 V-ADCP를 이용한 계측시설을 설치 및 운영하고 있다. 본 연구에서는 V-ADCP로 측정된 유속을 이용하여 실시간 하천수사용량 산정을 위한 유속분포법의 적 용성을 평가하였다. 이를 위해 Chiu의 2차원 유속분포식의 매개변수 민감도를 분석하고, 실측유량 자료에 기초한 최적 매개변수를 산정하였다. 또한 수위-유량관계법, 지표유속법과 비교 평가하여 유속분포법의 특성을 분석하였다.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are promising cell source because of their unique self-renewal and pluripotency. Although hESC-derived cardiac cells are currently generated worldwide, cryopreservation of these cells is still limited due to low rate of post-thaw survival. Cryopreservation of hESC-derived cardiac cells is critical in that their long-term storage can accelerate their use in regenerative medicine. However, to date, there are few reports on efficient cryopreservation and post-thaw survival of hESC-derived cardiac cells. In this study, we evaluated the effects of ginsenoside, which is known to improve survival of rat embryonic cardiomyocytes against myocardial ischemia injury in diabetic rats (Wu et al., 2011), on the survival of hESC-derived cardiac cells after thawing. We induced differentiation into cardiac cells using our previously reported method (Kim et al., 2011). Differentiated, pre-beating stage cardiac cells were cryopreserved using either mass cryopreservation or vitrification. To evaluate the effects of ginsenoside (Re, Rb), we compared three sets: pre- and post-thaw treatment, pre- or post-thaw treatment only. The survival of post-thaw cardiac cells were evaluated using Trypan-blue and Annexin V staining. In addition, the three groups were treated with ROCK inhibitor Y-27632, and compared with non-treatment groups. The effect of ginsenoside was significant in post-thaw treatment group, i.e, thawed cells expressed cardiac specific genes and showed specific functionality such as spontaneous beating. Taken together, we demonstrated favorable effects of ginsenoside on the survival of hESC-derived cardiac cells after cryopreservation and thawing. These results suggest a possible application of well-known cardioprotectant ginsenoside in cell-based tissue engineering using hESC-derived cardiac cells.