본 시험에서는 블루베리 양액재배시 양분공급시기가 수체 생육과 과실품질에 어떤 영향을 미치는지 알아보고자 수행하였다. 신초생장은 1차, 2차 생장량은 비슷한 경향이었으나, 3 차 생장량은 수확종료 15일 전 중단한 처리에 비해 수확종료 직후와 수확종료 후 15일에 공급을 중단한 처리가 각각 15.4%, 15.6% 생장을 많이 하는 경향이었고, 수확종료 후 60 일에 양분공급을 중단한 처리는 수확종료 15일전에 중단한 처리보다 3차 생장량이 53.2% 증가하는 경향이었다. 양액공급 후 이듬해 꽃눈수를 조사한 결과 수확종료 후 60일에 양분 공급을 중단한 처리는 수확종료 15일전에 중단한 처리보다 26% 적었다. 처리별 과실특성은 과실중, 당도, 산도 등은 처리 간 큰 차이가 없었으며, 주당 수량은 수확종료 15일전이 2.1kg, 수확종료 직후와 수확종료 후 15일에 양분을 중단한 처리가 2.5kg으로 가장 많았으며, 수확종료 후 45일과 60일에 양분을 중단한 처리는 1.8kg으로 가장 작았다.

블루베리는 호산성 식물로 피트모스를 활용한 상토에서 잘 자라며 관목인 점을 고려하여 용기재배를 많이 하고 있고 또한 고령화에 대비해 생력적으로 생산할 수 있는 재배기술 개발이 요구되고 있다. 본 시험에서는 블루 베리 양액재배시 공급량 및 공급횟수가 수체생육과 과실 품질에 미치는 영향을 알아보고자 수행하였다. 시험방법은 3년생 ‘듀크’ 품종을 대상으로 피트모스와 펄라이트의 용량을 각각 130L, 40L(v/v)로 하여 용기(60×80×40cm)에 식재하고 톱밥으로 멀칭한 후 2015년과 2016년에 양액 공급량을 4L와 8L로 나누어 4월 중순부터 7월 하순까지 1회, 2회, 3회 공급하여 수체생육 및 과실품질을 조사하였다. 양액은 NO3-N 4.6, NH4-N 3.4, PO4-P 3.3, K 3, Ca 4.6, Mg 2.2mmol·L-1를 주당 공급하였다. 채소에 서 양액재배시 적정 배액율은 20∼30%로 알려져 있는 데 본 시험에서 평균 배액량은 4L 2회/7일 처리가 27%, 4L 3회/7일 처리가 29%로 다른 처리에 비해 적당하였 다. 블루베리의 생육을 보면, 생육후반 8L/3회/7일 처리에서 신초장은 31cm, 신초경은 4.2mm로 가장 컸지만 질소를 많이 줄수록 도장하는 경향이었다. 배액의 무기 성분 함량은 생육초반에 질소를 많이 흡수하는 경향이었고, 처리별 과실특성은 과립중, 가용성 고형물 함량 및 산함량 등은 처리간 유의차가 없었으며, 수량은 4L 3회/ 7일 처리가 주당 2.7kg으로 가장 많았고, 4L 1회/7일 처 리가 1.4kg로 가장 작았다. 따라서 배액량, 수량, 수체 및 과실생육 등을 감안해볼 때 블루베리 양액재배시 조 금씩 자주 공급한 처리 즉 4L 3회/7일 처리로 공급하는 것이 적당한 것으로 판단되었다.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of gait training using functional electrical stimulation on the improvement of hemiplegic patients' functions for balance and gait velocity. The subjects of the experiment were determined to be 10 each hemiplegic patients who had been diagnosed with stroke or brain damage six months or longer earlier assigned to an experimental group and a control group respectively. The subjects were evaluated before the experiment using Tetrax and 10M gait tests, received gait training five times a week for four weeks using functional electrical stimulation and were evaluated after the experiment in the same method as used in the evaluation before the experiment. In order to examine differences between the experimental group that received gait training using functional electrical stimulation and the control group that was treated by functional electrical stimulation and received gait training thereafter, differences between before and after the experiment were analyzed using paired sample t-tests and differences in changes after the experiment between the experimental group and the control group were analyzed using independent sample t-tests in order to compare the two groups with each other. Experimental results showed significant differences in weight bearing, balance and gait velocity between before and after the experiment in the experimental group(p<.05). In the control group, whereas weight bearing and gait velocity did not show any significant difference between before and after the experiment(p>.05), balance showed significant differences(p<.05). Weight bearing, balance and gait velocity change rates showed significant differences between the experimental group and the control group(p<.05). In conclusion, it was indicated that gait training using functional electrical stimulation is effective for enhancing stroke patients' weight bearing rates, balance abilities and gait velocity.

The purpose of this study is to analyze Bakst's stage costume illustrations for Ballets Russes. The Russian Ballets has renown in the West since the early 20th century. Diaghilev first made his name as the organizer of art exhibitions in Russia and Western Europe. Diaghilev risked presenting only ballets in 1909, that time Bakst designed Schéhérazade, L'Oiseau de Feu and Le Carnival. Schéhérazade was something new which overwhelmed the French people by then. It was seen to be the achievement of Wagner's idea where all the elements; the music, the design, the choreography, and the dancing fused into a perfect whole. The entire production was a hitherto unseen harmony of colors, sounds and movements. For the 1911 season in Paris, Diaghilev planned to present six new ballets and Bakst designed four ballets. Bakst's design of the set and the costume greatly shocked the audience. His "Originality" shines on the fact that he introduced a palette of colors in theater for the first time in history. He used a magic of colors to suggest the secret meaning of what was happening on the stage. The results can be divided into three distinct characteristics. First, oriental designs such as Cléopâtre, Schéhérazade, L'Oiseau de Feu, La Péri and Le Dieu Blue with Russian, Indian and Persian traditional design in headdress and accessories ars found. Second, Le Carnival and La Spectre de la Rose used romantic styles with oriental details. Third, Greek chiton and Himation are used in Narcisse, Hélène de Sparte, L'Après-Midi d`un Faune and Daphnis et Chloé inspirde with various colors and geometic patterns. Bakst's orient of lush colored costumes, head dress, cushions, rugs and hangings became the immediate fashion imitated by Parisian couture houses and interior decorators.

Periodontal ligament (PDL) tissue is a connective tissue that is interposed between the roots of the teeth and the inner wall of the alveolar bone socket. PDL is always exposed to physiologic mechanical force such as masticatory force and PDL cells play important roles during orthodontic tooth movement by synthesizing and secreting different mediators involved in bone remodeling. The Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was recently shown to play a significant role in the control of bone formation. In the present study, we applied cyclic tensile stress of 20% elongation to cultured human PDL cells and assessed its impact after six days upon components of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. RTPCR analysis showed that Wnt1a, Wnt3a, Wnt10b and the Wnt receptor LRP5 were down-regulated, whereas the Wnt inhibitor DKK1 was up-regulated in response to these stress conditions. In contrast, little change was detected in the mRNA expression of Wnt5a, Wnt7b, Fz1, and LRP6. By western blotting we found decreased expression of the β-catenin and p-GSK-3β proteins. Our results thus show that mechanical stress suppresses the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway in PDL cells.

Background : Acanthopanax sessiliflorus (Rupr. et Maxim) Seem, belonging to the Araliaceae family, is widely distributed in Korea, China, and Japan. The plants belonging to Acanthopanax species are traditionally used in Korea as anti-rheumatoid arthritis, anti-inflammatory and anti-diabetic drugs and are recognized to have ginseng-like activities. A simple and sensitive high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) method was developed and validated for independent analysis of major compounds and chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Chlorogenic acid was reported that prevent cancer and cardiovascular disease in vivo. Also, it has antioxidant effect in vitro test. In the previous experiment, chlorogenic acid were found in A. sessiliflorus fruits. This study was performed to identification of the major compounds and investigate the method validation for the determination of chlorogenic acid in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Methods and Results : Three major compounds were recorded on a Varian Unity Inova AS-400 FT-NMR spectrometer and analyzed by the new HPLC analysis method. HPLC analysis was carried out using an Waters e2695 and PDA detector. The new analyasis method was validated by the measurement of intra-day, inter-day precision, accuracy, limit of detection (LOD, S/N=3), and limit of quantification (LOQ, S/N=10) of chlorogenic acid. The results showed that the correlation coefficient (R2) for the calibration curves of chlorogenic acid was 0.997 in terms of linearity. The limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantification (LOQ) were 0.565 ㎍/ml and 2.88 ㎍/ml, respectively. There was no interfering peak observed each other and HPLC system was suitable for analysis showing goodness of peak and high precision. Conclusion : This method is suitable to detect and quantify major compounds in A. sessiliflorus fruits. Furthermore, the result will be applied to establish chlorogenic acid as an standard compound for A. sessiliflorus fruits.

Marked neutrophilia associated with neoplasia is a relatively rare finding and has been considered as a paraneoplastic manifestation. Thyroid cancer seldom presents with paraneoplastic leukocytosis. We report on a case of a 69-year-old man who presented with paraneoplastic leukocytosis seven months after undergoing total thyroidectomy and I-131 therapy for treatment of papillary thyroidcarcinoma. We found neither bone marrow involvement of malignant cells nor hematologic malignancy. Based on elevated levels of serum granulocyte colony-stimulating factor, we concluded that the cause was paraneoplastic leukocytosis. Another interesting point was the anaplastic transformation in the pleural metastatic site. It usually occurs in the intrathyroid or regional lymph node.

A new black seed coat soybean variety, “Socheong” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Socheong was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Peking which was tolerant to lodging and with small seed size. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this variety were carried out from 2002 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, white flower, brown pubescence, brown pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, elongated flattened seed shape, oval leaf shape and small seed size (15.7 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 3 days later in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Socheong was higher, in the seed quality of sucrose and total sugar contents (6.8 and 8.2%) and isoflavone contents (1,754 ㎍/g) than the check cultivar. Futhermore, it has good characteristics for mechanical harvest, such as lodging tolerance, pod shattering and stem diameter. It also has been identified to have resistance to soybean mosaic virus symptom which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Socheong was 2.21 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in four locations of Korea among seven locations from 2004 to 2006, which was 5 percent lower than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.

A new black seed coat soybean cultivar, “Heugmi” was developed at the Yeongnam Agricultural Research Institute (YARI) in 2006. The goal to breed the black seed coat soybean is to develop the cultivar with high yield, lodging tolerance, resistant to disease such as soybean mosaic virus (SMV), and bacterial pustule and seed size. Heugmi was selected from the cross between Milyang 78, which was late maturing, susceptible to lodging and SMV and with large seed size and green cotyledon, and Milyang 68, which was middle maturing, resistant to lodging and SMV and with middle seed size and yellow cotyledon. The preliminary, advanced and regional yield trials for evaluation and selection of this cultivar were carried out from 2001 to 2006. It has determinate growth habit, purple flower, brown pubescence, black pod color, black seed coat, green cotyledon, spherical seed shape, oval leaf shape and middle seed size (24.8 grams per 100 seeds), and it was 2 days earlier in maturity than the check cultivar Cheongjakong. Heugmi was better in the seed quality of crude protein contents, sucrose and total sugar contents than the check cultivar. It also has been identified to have resistance to SMV which was the troublesome soybean diseases. The average yield of Heugmi was 2.53 ton per hectare in the regional yield trials carried out in seven locations of Korea from 2004 to 2006, which was 8 percent higher than the check cultivar Cheongjakong.

Danok3, a sweet corn hybrid that matures early was developed by the corn breeding team at the National Crop Experiment Station (NCES), RDA in 2001. Inbred KSS2 derived from Golden Bantam was used as the seed parent of Danok3, and inbred KSS22 derived from

Lipoxygenase might be associated with seed deterioration by catalyzing the incorporation of molecular oxygen into fatty acids and generating free radicals. This study was performed to determine whether seed lipoxygenase activity would alter soybean seed longevity. In this study, germination percentage of lipoxygenase-lacking cultivar Jinpumkong2 (lx1lx1lx2lx2lx3lx3) was lower than that of Taekwangkong (Lx1Lx1Lx2Lx2Lx3Lx3). Segregation ratio for the three lipoxygenase isozymes of the F2-derived from the cross between Taekwangkong and Jinpumkong2 was fitted to 9 (Lx1Lx2Lx3) : 3 (Lx1Lx2lx3) : 3 (lxllx2Lx3) : 1 (lx1lx2lx3), suggesting the tight linkage between the Lx1 and Lx2 loci. Germination percentages varied widely but not differed among lipoxygenase isozyme types of F3 seeds before and after accelerated aging. Seed coat of Jinpumkong2 was damaged severely following accelerated aging, whereas that of Taekwangkong was not. Thus, seed of lipoxygenase-lacking soybean cultivar, Jinpumkong2 showed greater deterioration compared with that of the normal Taekwangkong. However, the presence or absence of lipoxygenase activity had no effect on soybean germination