본 연구는 베트남 하노이 지역에서 8가지 한국 토마토 품종 (핑크탑, 큐피랑, 슈퍼도태랑, 선레드, 선글러브, TP-7 플러스, 러블리 250, 광복)과 1가지 베트남 품종(FM 120)을 대상으로 봄-여름 및 가을-겨울 작기에 따른 수확량 및 과실 특성을 비교 분석하였으며, 그 결과는 다음과 같다. 1. 작기에 따라 초장, 경장, 주당 과실수 및 수확량(kg)은 유의성이 있었으며 가을-겨울 작기에서 높게 나타났다. 전체적으로 한국품종이 베트남 품종에 비해 높은 생육특성을 보인 반면, 과실수와 수확량에서는 베트남 품종이 우수하였다. 2. 토마토 과실의 주요 특성인 과장, 과폭 및 과중은 작기에 따라 유의한 차이를 보였으며 가을-겨울 작기에서 높은 수치를 나타내었지만 TSS 함량은 봄-여름 작기에서 높았다. 건물중과 비타민C 함량은 작기에 따라 유의한 차이가 없었다. 품종별 과실 특성은 한국 품종이 우수하였지만 비타민C 함량은 베트남 품종이 높았다. 3. 봄-여름 작기에서 한국품종의 경우 수확량 및 과실특성에서 가을-겨울 작기 재배에 비해 큰 감소를 보인 반면 베트남 품종은 큰 차이를 보이지 않았다. 따라서 본 실험에 이용된 8가지 한국 품종의 경우 봄-여름 작기보다는 가을-겨울 작기 재배가 적합할 것으로 판단된다.

Spent mushroom substrate(SMS) is a by-product remaining after a crop of mushrooms. About 9 thermophilic strains were isolated from SMS(Flammulina velvtipes). Among of them, one isolate, designated UJ09, showed the antifungal activity against Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus ochraceous producing mycotoxin on PDA medium, potentially. The strain UJ09 was produced cellulase and xylanase as hydrolase. The strain UJ21 was identified as members of the genus Bacillus by biochemical characteristics using Bacillus ID kit and VITEK 2 system. Comparative 16S rDNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain UJ09 formed a distinct phylogenetic tree within the genus Bacillus and was most closely related to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens with 16S rDNA gene sequence similarity of 99.2%. On the basis of its physiological properties, biochemical characteristics and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain UJ09 was classified within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus amyloliquefaciens UJ09 is proposed.

Oleanolic acid is a natural triterpenoid that exists widely in foods and some medicinal herbs. The purpose of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of oleanolic acid against Streptococcus mutans strains isolated from a Korean population. Antimicrobial activity against these bacteria was evaluated by minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) and time kill curves. The tolerance of human gingival fibroblasts and human periodontal ligaments to oleanolic acid was tested using a methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. The MIC90 value of oleanolic acid for both S. mutans and S. sobrinus isolated from Koreans was 8μg/mℓ. Oleanolic acid showed bactericidal effects against S. mutans ATCC 25175T and S. sobrinus ATCC 33478T at 1 × MIC(8μg/mℓ) and had no cytotoxic effects against KB cells at this dose. The results suggest that oleanolic acid could be useful in the future development of oral hygiene products for the prevention of dental caries.

This study was conducted to evaluate the feeding value of the spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates (SMS) in laying hens (Hy-Line Brown). The fresh spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates collected from the DOJUN farm were fermented with Bacillus subtilis EJ3 for 2 weeks. A total of twenty-four laying hens were fed corn-soy based experimental diets containing 0% (control), 5% (T1), 10% (T2) and 15%(T3) fermented SMS for 7 weeks. There were no significant differences among the treatments in egg production, egg weight, egg mass, feed conversion and viability during the experimental period. Feed intake was significantly lowered in control (118.3 g) than T1 (121.9 g), T2 (120.3 g) and T3 (122.4 g). There were no significant differences among the treatments eggshell breaking strength, thickness and haugh unit, whereas the yolk color of T1, T2 and T3 were significantly heavy than T0. The palatability of boiled meat was significantly better in the T3 laying hens than in the T0 laying hens. In conclusion, fermented SMS can be used as resource of feed in laying hen feed at 5.0-15% level without effect on performance and egg qualify.

The mannanase, cellulase and xylanase-producing thermophilic bacteria, designated EJ3, was isolated from fresh spent mushroom (Pleurotus eryngii) substrates taken from the DOJUN farm located in Keyongnam, Korea. The isolate EJ3 was facultatively anaerobic and grew at temperature ranging from 20℃ to 60℃ with an optimal temperature of 37℃. The DNA G+C content of the isolate EJ3 was 45 mlo%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-15:0 (38.9%), 17:0 (7.4%), and iso-15:0 (38.2%). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate EJ3 and other Bacillus strains varied from 97% to 99%. In the phylogenetic analysis based on these sequences, the isolate EJ3 and Bacillus subtilis clustered within a group and separated from other species of Bacillus. Based on the physiological and molecular properties, the isolate EJ3 was classified within the genus Bacillus as Bacillus subtilis EJ3. The optimal growth condition of B. subtilis EJ3 were pH 6.0 and 55℃, respectively.

The legume pod borer, Maruca vitrata (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Crambidae) causes serious damage to some legume crops of genus Vigna and Sesbania in Korea. In the current study, laboratory studies on the temperature-dependent development of the insect were performed at 8 constant temperatures ranging from 13℃ to 34℃ at 3℃ intervals. Lower developmental threshold (LDT) for eggs, larvae, and pupae were calculated as 10.0, 12.5 and 13.3℃, respectively, using the linear-regression equations of the developmental rates. Degree-days required to complete a stage were estimated as 48, 187, and 94, for egg, larval, and pupal stages, respectively. The larvae couldn't survive at 13 and 16℃, and the larval survival rate was the highest at 28℃. The egg hatching rate was the lowest at 13℃. In the adult stage, the pre-oviposition period was the shortest at 22℃, and the total egg number was the most with ca. 500 at 25℃. Degree-days for the stages of 1st-4th larval instars, egg, and adult emergence-50% oviposition were calculated during the reproductive development season of red bean using single sine method and Suwon weather station data based on LDTs, respectively. Finally, the adult occurrence time was estimated after the degree-days were cumulated reversely from the distribution data of larval stages observed in a red bean field

To identify DNA markers linked to a elytra polymorphism, amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) analysis was performed on DNA samples from four each colour pattern individuals (2 females and males), for example, succinea 1, succinea 2, conspicua, and spectabilis. As a result of performing AFLP analysis with the restriction endonuclease combination EcoRⅠ and Mse I, total of 2,269 AFLP fragments which were specific to succinea, conspicua and spectabilis was identified using 24 different AFLP primer combinations. Among these 2,269 fragments, 16 bands which were the most specific to one color patterns were isolated, cloned and sequenced. Subsequent UPGMA cluster analysis revealed that population of H. axyridis was divided four major group and these genetic tree showed that H. axyridis elytra colour diversity was affected by genetic polymorphism. It is considered that these genetic analyses may be facilitated the understanding of molecular genetic mechanism related with the wing colour pattern formation in this species.

핵연료 운반용 실린더의 재사용을 위한 용기세척공장의 제염공정에 대한 성능을 평가하기 위하여 Na2CO3 + H2O2 혼합용액의 조합을 약간 달리한 2회의 시험을 실행하였다. 각 시험은 모두 일련의 5 단계에 걸쳐 실시되었다. 우라늄 제염의 주 화학종은 Na4UO2(CO3)3 로 식별되었다. 그리고 첫 단계에서의 세척액은 물이었으며, 이 단계에서 50% 이상의 우라늄이 제염되었다. 그 이후로는 단계가 더해 갈수록 우라늄의 제염양은 지수함수적으로 감소하는 경향을 나타내었으며, 화학양론적으로 제거된 우라늄에 비하여 투여된 Na2CO3 의 양은 과다함을 나타내었다. 이러한 결과들에 의하면, 공정최적화를 통하여 Na2CO3 의 투여량 감축, 세척폐액의 감량, 제염단계 축소 등을 꾀할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

The Asian corn borer, Ostrinia furnacalis, over-winters as the last instar larva in Suwon and undergoes diapause during the over-wintering, and it has been postulated that most of the over-wintering larvae be originated from the larvae of 2nd and 3rd generation (Jung et al., 2008). The over-wintered larvae pupate next year and 50% of emerged adults occur by the early June. In order to know whether the emergence has synchronism among over-wintering larvae regardless of the time entering into diapause or not, neonate larvae were reared on artificial diet at two-week intervals from May 28 to Sep. 28, 2008 in an outside condition and their emergence dates were recorded. The over-wintering larvae occurred from the colony treated at Jul. 20, 2007, and totally emerged from May 11 to Jul. 6, 2008. The 50% date of cumulative emergence was June 3, 2008. The maximum success of over-wintering occurred in the colony treated at Aug. 17, whereas any non-over-wintering larvae were not observed from the following colonies. Although the durations of emergence overlapped partially among the colonies treated at different times in the previous year to show a synchronism at some extent, the first and last colonies treated in the previous year showed a pattern of fast emergence. This result suggested that the duration necessary for diapause termination be different according to the time entering into diapause.

Human saliva contains a large number of proteins and peptides whose composition may alter as a consequence 。f disease. To date. however‘ the proteins and peptides that routinely populate thi s ora l fluid a re largely unknown To provide a catalogue of saliva proteins, we have surveyed the unstimulated human whole saliva by us ing shotgun proteornics. For the shotgun approach, whole saliva proteins were digested into peptides with ChemDigestD ‘ and the resul ting peptide fragments were separated by RP-HPLC, followed by each fraction was t ryptic digestion. ChemDigestD-Trypsin digested peptides were analyzed by tandem mass spectrometry(MS/MS) us ing a nano-LC eq 버 pped quadrupole-time of f1ight mass spectrometer, and the obtained spectra were searched against human protein seq uence data base using MASCOT. Shotgun proteomics allowed a total of 291 human pr。 teins to be confidently assigned . The largest group(17 .2%) of the identified proteins sorted into functional catego ries was included in t he signal t ransduction funct ion except for the hypothetical 0 1' unknown function. This work provides a valuable s ta rting point for the analysis of human salivary proteins and their biological functions and candidates from human whole sali va that may prove to be of diagnostic and therapeutic significance

The human ELAV(embryonic lethal abnormal vision)-like protein HuR stabilizes a certain group of cellular mRNAs that contain AU- ri ch elements in theil‘ 3’• untranslated region, Dysregulation of mRNA s tability may be relevant in tumor biology and may lead to abnormal expression of several proteins in malignant tumors, The aim of this study is to identify the differentially expressed proteins according to the functi onal activi ty of HuR Methods : We used stabl e expression of small interfering RNA(siRNA) of HuR gene to inhibit the expression of HuR in human ora l car cinoma cell lines‘ KB cell line and YD10B cell line‘ and compared the proteomic changes between s iRNA-treated and cont rol cell line using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis , Flow cytometry caliber scan(FACS) was employed to investigate the effects of HuR on cell apoptosis and proliferation , Results: Seventeen differentially expressed proteins between the two cell lines were identified by electrospray ioruzati on quadrupole time-of- fl ight mass spectrometry(ESI-Q-TOF MS) and database searching, Among them there are eleven proteins which are significant ly up- regulated in siRNA- treated cell line, which include heat shock protein 10(influencing nucl eocytoplas rnic transpo 다， cell dedifferentiation , and inhibition of apoptosis) , keratin 19(basal cell differ ent iat ion) ‘ and nucleoside diphosphate kinase B(G protein activator), etc Enolase 1 and Ml of pyruvate kinase a re the representatives of signifi cantly down-regulated proteins in siRNA-treated cell 11l1e Conclusion : Our data suggest that HuR participate in mRNAs stability of proteins that have the counter effects in the carcinogenesis of oral ca ncer , And the functiona l proteomics a re needed to elucidate the detailed interactions between HuR and t hese molec ules

The Korean Institute of Technology Satellite (KITSAT-1) is the first satellite developed by the Satellite Technology Research Center and the University of Surrey. KITSAT-1 is orbiting the Earth’s orbit as space debris with a 1,320 km altitude after the planned mission. Due to its relatively small size and altitude, tracking the KITSAT-1 was a difficult task. In this research, we analyzed the tracking results of KITSAT-1 for one year using the Midland Space Radar (MSR) in Texas and the Poker Flat Incoherent Scatter Radar (PFISR) in Alaska operated by LeoLabs, Inc. The tracking results were analyzed on a weekly basis for MSR and PFISR. The observation was conducted by using both stations at an average frequency of 10 times per week. The overall corrected range measurements for MSR and PFISR by LeoLabs were under 50 m and 25 m, respectively. The ionospheric delay, the dominant error source, was confirmed with the International Reference of Ionosphere-16 model and Global Navigation Satellite System data. The weekly basis orbit determination results were compared with two-line element data. The comparison results were used to confirm the orbital consistency of the estimated orbits.

The Optical Wide-field patroL-Network (OWL-Net) is a global optical network for Space Situational Awareness in Korea. The primary operational goal of the OWL-Net is to track Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites operated by Korea and to monitor the Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) region near the Korean peninsula. To obtain dense measurements on LEO tracking, the chopper system was adopted in the OWL-Net’s back-end system. Dozens of angle-only measurements can be obtained for a single shot with the observation mode for LEO tracking. In previous work, the reduction process of the LEO tracking data was presented, along with the mechanical specification of the back-end system of the OWL-Net. In this research, we describe an integrity assessment method of time-position matching and verification of results from real observations of LEO satellites. The change rate of the angle of each streak in the shot was checked to assess the results of the matching process. The time error due to the chopper rotation motion was corrected after re-matching of time and position. The corrected measurements were compared with the simulated observation data, which were taken from the Consolidated Prediction File from the International Laser Ranging Service. The comparison results are presented in the In-track and Cross-track frame.

A strategy is needed for a regional survey of geosynchronous orbits (GSOs) to monitor known space objects and detect uncataloged space objects. On the basis of the Inter-Agency Debris Committee’s recommendation regarding the protected region of geosynchronous Earth orbit (GEO), target satellites with perigee and apogee of GEO ± 200 km and various inclinations are selected for analysis. The status of the GSO region was analyzed using the satellite distribution based on the orbital characteristics in publicly available two-line element data. Natural perturbation effects cause inactive satellites to drift to two stable longitudinal points. Active satellites usually maintain the designed positions as a result of regular or irregular maneuver operations against their natural drift. To analyze the detection rate of a single optical telescope, 152 out of 412 active satellites and 135 out of 288 inactive satellites in the GSO region were selected on the basis of their visibility at the observation site in Daejeon, Korea. By using various vertical view ranges and various numbers of observations of the GSO region, the detection efficiencies were analyzed for a single night, and the numbers of follow-up observations were determined. The orbital estimation accuracies were also checked using the arc length and number of observed data points to maintain the GSO satellite catalog.

Recently there are increasing numbers of people participating in sports activities. Accordingly, the rate of sports injuries is increasing as well. In this light, this study was conducted to investigate the extent of acute damage and its forms by examining the current state of patients with sports injuries. This research study was conducted between January of 2008 and December of 2010 in Chosun University Hospital through retrospective review of the medical records of patients with sportsrelated injuries. The total number of patients with sports injuries who visited the emergency center was 887. The number of male patients was 726 (81.85%), far more than the number of female patients (18.15%). More than half of the patients, accounting for 419 (47.23%), had injuries on their face; second and common parts, in which injuries occurred, were upper and lower body, accounting for 146 (16.45%) and 193 (21.75%), respectively. The majority of patients did not undergo surgical treatment. Only 113 (12.73%) patients underwent surgical treatment. In addition, more than 80% of them were not hospitalized but 170 of them needed to be hospitalized. Most sports injuries occurred in young male patients. This can interrupt participation in sports activities for a long time and result in lower quality of life. Hence proper preventative measures and scientific treatment methods are needed.

Riptortus clavatus, one of the many insects in major crops, damages pods and seeds, which reduces seed vigor and viability in soybeans. This study was conducted to examine the effect of diversely damaged seeds by R. clavatus on seed germination and seedling emergence and to determine the association of damaged seed with quality and yield of soybean sprouts. All seeds damaged by R. clavatus significantly (P<0.05) reduced seed vigor as measured by the rates of seed germination, germination speed, and seedling emergence. Mean seed germination rate of non-damaged seeds in sprout-soybean varieties was 97.8%, whereas the rates of seeds damaged at different levels, 31-50% and 51-80%, were 23.0 and 5.4%, respectively. The rates of seedling rot and abnormal, incomplete germination significantly (P<0.05) increased as the amount of seeds damaged by R. clavatus increased to 5, 10 and 15% against the total seeds for sprout production. Yield of soybean sprouts from seeds damaged at different levels decreased up to 13% as compared to that in normal seeds. In customer preferences on soybean sprout produce, 84% of customers participated in survey preferred to purchase sprouts from seeds with 5% of damaged seeds, but sprouts produced from seeds with 15% of damaged seeds were intended to purchase only by 22% of the customers. Areas of the seed damaged by R. clavatus were readily infected by pathogens as the seed germinated, resulted in deteriorated quality and reduced yield of sprout produce.