국립원예특작과학원에서는 밝은 화색과 안정적인 화형의 생 육이 우수한 빨간색 스탠다드 장미 품종을 육성하기 위해 진한 적색 스탠다드 장미 품종 ‘엔드리스러브(Endless Love)’를 모 본으로, 꽃잎수가 많고 안정적으로 가시가 적은 밝은 노란색 ‘페니레인(Penny Lane)’ 품종을 부본으로 인공교배하였다. 37 개의 교배실생을 양성해 1, 2, 3차에 걸친 특성검정 및 현장실증 을 통해 꽃이 크고 화형이 안정적이며, 재배안정성 및 생산성, 절화특성이 우수한 ‘원교 D1-390’을 최종 선발하였다. 2023년 ‘루비레드(Ruby Red)’로 명명하여 국립종자원에 품종보호출원·등록되었다. ‘루비레드’ 품종은 밝은 적색(R53C)을 가졌으 며, 꽃잎수가 32.8매, 화폭과 화고는 각각 10.9, 5.9cm로 대조 품종보다 크다. 절화장은 평균 71.7cm, 절화수명은 약 16.7일, 수량은 연간 168대/m2로 대조품종인 ‘레드스퀘어(Red Square)’ 대비 절화장이 길고 절화수명도 2배 이상 길며, 수확량도 1.4배 우수하다. 2023년 국내 육성 장미 품종 서울식물원 관람객 대상 공동평가회에서 스탠다드 장미 중 우수한 평가를 받았으며, 현 장 실증 결과 농가별로 균일하고 우수한 수량과 절화품질을 보 였다. 절화용 장미 ‘루비레드’ 품종은 밝은 적색과 우수한 화형 을 가지는 품종으로 해외 대체 품종으로 국내에서 많이 재배될 것으로 기대된다.

The clearwing moth, Synanthedon bicingulata (Staudinger, 1887), is a pest that infests various species of cherry trees. However, genetic information regarding the genus Synanthedon including S. bicingulata, is limited. In this study, we sequenced a complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the species. The 16,255 bp of S. bicingulata mitogenome differs from the typical gene arrangement formed in Lepidoptera: trnQ-trnS2-trnM-trnI arrangement between the A+T-rich region and the ND2 junction. Moreover, the genome has untranslated repetitive sequences in the intergenic space between lrRNA and trnV, as well as the CGA start codon in COI and the TTG start codon in ATP8. Similar observations are noted in species belonging to the tribe Synanthedonini within the genus Synanthedon.

Since rice is the main food in Korea, there are no regulations on corn milling yet. Corn is known as one of the world's top three food crops along with wheat and rice, and it is known that 3.5 billion people worldwide use corn for food. In addition, corn mills are not developed or sold in Korea, but the use of corn mills is increasing significantly in many countries in Southeast Asia. In the Philippines, as Korea's rice mill import increases, Korea's KAMICO (Korea Agricultural Machinery Industry Cooperative) and domestic company A agreed to develop a corn mill jointly with PHilMech, an organization affiliated with the Philippine Ministry of Agriculture. However, research on corn milling was very insignificant, so the development was carried out based on the technology of Korea's rice mill. Rice milling is performed by peeling off the skin of rice and producing brown or white rice, so it is carried out by removing the skin and cutting the skin. On the other hand, in the corn mill, the skin of the corn is peeled, pulverized and selected to produce main products suitable for edible use. Therefore, in order to develop a corn mill, processes such as peeling, transfer, grinding, sorting, and by-product separation are required, and suitable parts must be developed. In addition, the performance must be gradually improved through experiments in which corn is repeatedly milled. The Philippines produces 7.98 million tons/year of corn, which is about 100 times that of Korea, and is mostly consumed as a staple food. This is about 10% of the total crop production in the Philippines. In addition, the main cultivation complexes of corn are the mountainous regions of Tarlac or Pangasinan, and the produced corn is 72.4% of the so-called yellow corn called Arabel and Sarangani, and the remaining 27.6% are known as white corn. In this study, it was intended to produce grains of 2.5 mm or less suitable for food for yellow corn and to develop a corn mill for 200 kg per hour. Detailed conditions for development are stipulated as more than 55% of the main product recovery rate, more than 31% of the by-product recovery rate, less than 5% of the raw material loss rate, and more than 80% of the embryo dislocation rate. In this study, to achieve this, the overall process of the corn mill was developed, and the optimal conditions for the corn mill were obtained through the development of parts and empirical tests to improve performance. In addition, it was intended to achieve the development goal by evaluating and analyzing the performance of each part so that it did not conflict.

본 연구는 제비동자꽃의 대량번식을 위한 효과적인 발아 조건을 선발하고자 수행되었다. 제비동자꽃 종자는 저온습윤 처리(5°C, 0, 4, 8, 12, 16주), GA3 처리(0, 500, 1000mg･L-1), 프라이밍 처리(0.1M, 0.2M의 NH4NO3, K2HPO4, KCl, KNO3)를 하였다. 모든 종자는 25°C, 12시간 광조건(40μmol･m-2 ･s-1)에 서 발아 실험이 진행되었으며, GA3 처리구는 비닐온실(평균 23.4°C)에서도 비교실험이 진행되었다. 저온습윤 8주 처리구 에서 20.4%로 가장 높은 발아율을 나타냈으며, 12주 이상의 저온습윤 처리는 오히려 제비동자꽃의 발아율을 감소시켰다. GA3 0, 500, 1000mg･L-1 처리된 종자는 25°C에서 각각 3.3, 44.0, 62.0%, 비닐온실에서 각각 5.3, 16.7, 42% 발아하였다. 제비동자꽃 종자는 GA3 농도가 높아질수록 발아율이 증가하였다. 또한 제비동자꽃 종자는 0.2M KNO3-프라이밍 처리구에서 가장 높은 발아율(54.7%)을 나타냈으며, 평균발아소요일수는 처리 간 유의성을 보이지 않았다. 이상의 결과로 효과적인 제비종자꽃 종자 번식을 위한 전처리 조건으로 24시간 GA3 1000mg･L-1 침지 처리 또는 0.2M-KNO3 프라이밍 처리를 추천한다.

목적: 이 연구는 안경과 선글라스에서 테와 렌즈의 형태와 색상에 대한 한국인과 중국인 소비자 집단의 선호도 차이를 조사하기 위하여 실시되었다. 방법: 한국에 유학 중인 중국인 학생 150명과 한국인 대학생 150명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하고 그 결과를 분석하였다. 안경광학 관련 전공자는 설문 대상에서 배제되었다. 중국인 학생들에게는 중국어 간체자로 번역된 설문지를 제공하였으며, 제공된 설문지는 한국 대학 석사과정에 유학 중인 중국인 원어민 학생이 한국어 설문지를 바탕으로 번역한 것이다. 결과: 중국인 소비자 집단은 안경보다 선글라스에서 글로벌 유명 브랜드를 더 선호하였으며, 한국산 안경 제품을 상대적으로 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한, 무테 또는 반무테, 금색테, 투톤컬러 렌즈 항목에서 한국인 소비자 집단보다 높은 선호도를 나타냈다. 결론: 이 연구의 결과는 한국 안경 제조․유통 업체의 중국 시장 진출이나 중국인 고객 비율이 높은 안경원 의 판매 전략 수립에 기여할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

본 연구는 부모의 스마트폰 중독이 유아의 놀이성에 미치는 영향에서 유아의 스마트기기 이용수준의 매개효과를 밝히고자 했다. 이를 위해 만 3∼5세 유아와 그들의 어머니 259명을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였다. 수집된 자료는 R version 3.5.1과 Mplus Version 7.4 Base Program Single-User을 이용하여 분석했다. 본 연구의 결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 부모의 스마트폰 중독은 유아의 놀이성에 부적인 영향을 미쳤으나 유아의 미디어기기 이용수준에는 정적인 영향을 미쳤다. 그리고 유아의 놀이성에 대해 유아의 미디어기기 이용수준은 부적인 영향을 미쳤다. 둘째, 부모의 스마트폰 중독과 유아의 놀이성의 관계에서 유아의 미디어기기 이용수준도 부분 매개역할을 하는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구결과는 스마트 기기를 사용할 수밖에 없는 현대인의 삶에서 유아의 스마트기기 이용 수준이 유아의 놀이성에 긍정적인 영향을 미치는 주요한 요인임을 시사한다.

풀무치(Locusta migratoria)는 메뚜기과에 속하는 곤충으로 70% 이상의 단백질을 함유하고 있어 식사료용 곤충으로 이용 가능성이 높다. 그러나 풀무치의 대량생산을 위한 연중사육 관련 연구는 미흡하여 사육방법 정립, 먹이원 선발 등이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 풀무치의 연중사육을 위한 방법으로 사육밀도에 따른 생육 특성과 최적 산란처를 찾기 위해 상토, 오아시스 등을 이용하여 산란 특성을 조사하였다. 풀무치의 생육 온도는 28℃, 습도는 65% 내외로 유지하고 처리구별 생존율, 탈피횟수, 크기, 무게 등을 측정하였다. 사육밀도별 약충 기간은 32일 소요되었고, 생존율은 82~90 %였으며, 성충 기간은 110~120일 소요되었다. 산란처별 난괴 길이는 33~49mm였으며, 부화 후 생존율을 72~82%였다.

The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura(Fabricius) is serious pest that hurts tomato crops, actives long time of the year. Without pesticide applications, sex pheromone delta traps through experiment first and second half setting during cultural seasons in glasshouse and greenhouse. We investigated captured number of S. litura both in and out side of the two type of tomato cultivated greenhouse. As a result of investigation, captured number of S. litura showed the wave and three high peak typed graph throughout 10 months experiment. First time expression of S. litura was late April in outside installed traps and after that occurrence rate increased gradually until late August. In september, the rate decreased remarkably to middle November in both in and out side treated traps. The result also expressed that captured average number of S. litura in inside of the greenhouse were 8~10 units, and were 15~20units in outside treated traps. Simultaneous installation of internal and external sex pheromone traps succeeded in eliminating a considerable number of S. litura male moths, and the number of larvae was expected to be considerably reduced. Consequently in the experiment, captured male number of S. litura were about 220 units in outside, on the other about 80 of S. litura captured in inside installed traps.

The attraction of the tomato whiteflies Trialeurodes vaporariorum, to four type of traps combined with a colored stickyboard and an light emitting lamp was investigated in 2016 in an tomato greenhouse. The colors of the sticky boardswere yellow and the peak wavelengths of the light emitting traps were 470nm(blue), 590nm(yellow) and 450~625nm(white).The type of traps was designed to directly illuminate the plants with an light emitting lamp and set along the lowerpart of the crops whose each sticky board was directed to the plants. This experiments showed that T. vaporariorumadults on average preferred (p>0.05) traps in blue lights(110±3.2adults/trap) compared to traps in yellow lights (71±1.4adults/trap)and white light traps(45±1.1adults/trap). The blue light trap(470nm) showed the most attractive to T. vaporariorum adults,followed by a similarly attraction to the yellow light trap(590nm), whereas the control (no light trap) was little attractiveto T. vaporariorum adults.

The tobacco cutworm, Spodoptera litura(Fabricius), is a major pest of tomato and frequently demands control measures. The timing of insecticide application is a key factor in determining its efficiency, so an experiment was designed to investigate this. Application of insecticide was based on three criteria: (i) the number of trap-caught moths in a Delta-type trap with a commercial sex pheromone lure placed in the center of the target area, soon after plant emergence; (ii) the percentage of plants exhibiting pinhole-type damage (10% or 20%) and (iii) the percentage of plants exhibiting shot hole-type damage (10% or 20%) compared to a check plot without any control measures. We found that the number of trap-caught moths was, compared to the other methods, the best means of deciding on insecticide application in tomato plant to control the tobacco cutworm. Using pheromone traps, we obtained the best performance of the insecticide Shinnago, causing > 90% larval mortality. Without insecticide application, tomato yield reduction due to the tobacco cutworm larva damage was 27%.

The diamondback moth (DBM), Plutella xylostella, is a globally distributed and important economic pest. Chemical control is the primary approach to regulate populations of this pest. Chlorantraniliprole is the first commercial insecticide that belongs to the new chemical class of diamide insecticides. In this study, the resistant strain was observed 1578-fold resistance to chlorantraniliprole. Point mutation (G4946E) in ryanodine receptor (RyR) showed a high frequency. Enzyme assays indicated that glutathione S-transferase (GST) activity in the resistant strain was 2.4 times higher compared with the susceptible strain, whereas no difference was seen for P450 and esterase. In addition, the expression of two GSTs genes was up-regulated. These findings pave the way for the complete understanding of the mechanisms of diamide insecticides resistance in insects.

This study was conducted in order to examine relationship between stroke patients' degree of satisfaction with leisure and quality of life according to their leisure activity types and whether they conducted leisure activities. A direct survey was performed from April 8 to May 3, 2013 on 92 inpatients and outpatients who received occupational therapy at hospitals located in Jeonju and Gunsan. A frequency analysis was carried out in order to look at the general characteristics of the subjects, their degree of participation in leisure activities, and their degree of satisfaction with leisure activities. A Pearson's coefficient was used to examine relationship between their degree of satisfaction and quality of life according to participation in leisure activities. Their degree of satisfaction according to participation in leisure activities was significantly higher when they took part in leisure activities such as handicraft activities, sports activities, or travel or tourism activities than when they did not perform any leisure activities. Their quality of life according to participation in leisure activities was higher when they conducted sports activities, outing activities, or tourism activities than when they did not. There was significant correlation between their degree of satisfaction with leisure and quality of life according to leisure activities.

The legume family (Fabaceae) is the third largest family of flowering plants worldwide and often damaged by stink bugs, particularly Riptortus clavatus Thunberg (Heteroptera: Alydidae). This insect selectively feeds and oviposits on these plants, resulting in >50% of damage to soybeans harvested in autumn. The most common control methods for this insect are periodic application of chemical pesticides, pheromone traps, and bait crops, but still they encounters residual problem, insect resistance or low control efficacy. The current management system needs alternative control methods, which possibly combined with the present methods. Some entomopathogenic fungi have high virulence against the nymphs and adults of R. clavatus in a favorable conditions, reaching ∼80% mortality with mycosis in 3∼5 days. The genera of Beauveria and Metarhizium are possible control agents for effective and safe management of the serious pest. Fungal infection in R. clavatus was observed using an egfp-expressing fungal transformant. Thermotolerant entomopathogenic fungal conidia can be produced in cereal substrates, which enables conidia to be stable for long times. Our considerations need to be given to the combinations with other control methods, such as chemical pesticides or pheromone trap.

This study was to investigate the effects of upper and lower limb composing patterns of PNF(proprioceptive neuromuscular facilitation) on the static balance ability by 20 subjects for 6 weeks. This study was measured left one leg standing and right one leg standing with closed eyes on Good Balance system. These results led us to the conclusion that the mean speed of X, Y direction, COP(center of Pressure) velocity moment showed a statistical decrease when applying post-exercise. The above results from this study indicated that upper and lower limb composing patterns of PNF exercise has improved the static balance ability. As a result, this study showed that upper and lower limb composing patterns exercise improve the ability of balance in young adults. Based on this study, it may be applied to old people.

Ixeris dentata is a typical oriental herb. It is a widely distributed perennial in Korea, Japan and China, which belongs to the Compositae Family. The whole plant of I. dentata has been used for the treatment of pneumonia, contusion, tumor and hepatitis.