Purpose of this study is to describe the treatment, surgery, rehabilitation and return to daily life subject pectoralis major muscle rupture. The in patient with was a 26 years old, injured in training due to hyperextension and external rotation. Physical examination, manual test, and MRI were used to diagnose pectoral muscle rupture and operation took for the pectoralis major muscle rupture with allograft. The subject was referred for rehabilitation from 3 weeks. Range of motion (ROM) exercise was mainly performed until 3 months, strength was performed with tubing band, body weight, machine training and proprioceptive exercise. Shoulder range of motion (external rotation, flexion) were measured with goniometer and muscle strength (flexion, adduction, internal rotation) were measured with dynamometer. At 6momths, external rotation ROM was 50° (unaffected side 60°), and flexion almost recovered at 3 months. Muscle strength was gradually increased to 6.2kg, 15.7kg, and 27.0kg in flexion, while internal rotation The pain remained slightly after 9 months. The present results suggest that ROM exercise and strengthening exercise increase the muscle power and ROM, and decrease the pain.

The chemical structures of perfluorinated compounds(PFCs) have unique properties such as thermal and chemical stability that make them useful components in a wide variety of consumer and industrial products. Two of these PFCs, perfluorooctane sulfonate(PFOS) and perfluorooctanoic acid(PFOA), have received attention and were the most commonly detected. In this study it was analyzed the concentrations of 8 PFCs in samples were collected from drinking water treatment plants for 5 years(2012-2016). PFOS and PFOA were also high concentration and frequency. The mean concentrations of PFOA and PFOS were detected 0.0026-0.0069 μg/L and 0.0009-0.0024 μg/L in samples from drinking water treatment plants. These were relatively lower or similar compared to PFOS concentrations in Osaka(Japan). In general, these levels are below health-based values set by international authoritative bodies for drinking water. These results will be serve as the first monitoring data for PFCs in drinking water and be useful for characterizing the concentration distribution and management of PFCs in future studies.

Patent trends on foundation technique and application technologies of rapeseed by-products were analyzed for major producing countries including Korea, USA, Japan, China and Europe, to determine the usability and economical efficiency. To date, patents related to these by-products have been increasing steadily, since the first patent application in 1973. Patent applications in China are overwhelmingly active but those of Korea are steadily increasing. Japan and Europe unions have been slow in applying patents since the mid-2000s. The most number of application is the MB company in Canada, which is actively, doing research to develop technologies related to extraction and purification of useful substances from rapeseed. Most applicants were focusing on one or two of the major field technologies, depending on the company’s main products. Agricultural material section category accounted for more than half of the patent applications followed by technology for separation and purification of useful substances for cosmetics. In the early years of technology development, patent applications were mainly related to technologies on functional protein foods, agricultural materials and separation and purification of useful substances. In recent years, research had shifted on various fields such as cosmetics and medicines technology development is being attempted. In terms of section category, the USA has applied for the most number of patents in all fields except agricultural materials, where China is currently leading, Agricultural development efforts is well supported and encouraged by the Chinese government’s policies. In conclusion, it is suggested that technology development pertaining to separation and purification of useful substances from rapeseed by-products for cosmetics, functional protein foods, medicines and biotic pesticides to enhance value-added utilization of rapeseed by-products.

The objective of this experiment was to investigate amino acids and mineral compositions of the four major muscles (LD: longissimus dorsi, PM: psoas major, SM: semimembranosus, and GM: gluteus medius) from Korean native black goat (KNBG). Five uncastrated male KNBGs of 36 months of age were commercially slaughtered and the four muscles were sampled to determine concentrations of myoglobin, collagen, amino acids and minerals. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in myoglobin and collagen content among the four muscles. Myoglobin content of PM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than those of SM and GM. Collagen content of SM was significantly higher (p<0.05) than that of LD. There were significant differences (p<0.05) in cystine and leucine concentrations among the four muscles, and PM had the highest concentrations of the two amino acids compared to other muscles (p<0.05). Also, there were significant differences (p<0.05) in K, P, Mg and Fe contents among the four muscles from KNBG. PM had the highest mineral content while the lowest mineral content was observed in LD. In addition, Fe contents of PM and GM were higher than those of LD and SM (p<0.05). These results indicated that amino acids and mineral content vary considerably with the anatomical location of muscles of Korean native black goat.

본 연구에서는 청소년비행예방센터 직원의 교수역량에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 파악하고, 이를 바탕으로 추후 청소년비행예방센터의 비행 예방 교육기능 강화 방안을 모색해보고자 하였다. 이를 위해 청소년비행예방센터에서 근무하고 있는 직원 272명을 대상으로 설문을 실시하였으며, 주요 변수에 성실히 응답하지 않은 6케이스를 제외한 266명을 최종 분석에 사용하였다. 주요 연구결과를 살펴보면 개인관련 요인 가운데서는 정서적 공감능력과 의사소통능력이, 조직관련 요인들 가운데에는 기관장의 리더십이 교수역량을 유의미하게 예측하는 것으로 나타났다. 다시 말해, 정서적 공감능력과 의사소통 능력이 뛰어나고 기관장의 리더십에 대한 긍정적 인식을 가질수록 교수역량이 높게 나타났다. 이와 같은 연구결과를 중심으로 청소년비행예방센터 직원의 비행예방 교육기능 강화를 위한 교수역량 발전방안에 대해 모색해보았다.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of oxides (caryophyllene oxide, eucalyptol and linalool oxide), one of the major ingredients of essential oils, on odor intensity, electroencephalography (EEG) response and emotional response. The subjects were women in their twenties. Inhalation concentrations of oxides were varied from 0.01 to 10%, and EEGs were collected by Quantitative EEG. The odor intensity and average preference index (API) of the oxides were ranked in the order of eucalyptol > linalool oxide > caryophyllene oxide. Eucalyptol is a refreshing and pleasant substance that activates the brain (activation of β and γ waves and spectral edge frequencies (SEF50 and SEF90)). Linalool oxide has a calm and soft substance (activation of θ, inactivation of α, β, and γ waves) at a low concentration (<0.1%), and a fresh smell at high concentration (inactivation β and activation of θ and γ). Caryophyllene oxides were evaluated as a substance that is comfortable, soft, calm and sedating, which deactivates the brain (activation of α, inactivation of β and γ). Oxide materials showed a positive correlation between the odor intensity and the SEFs. Each of the oxides showed unique characteristics in the areas of odor intensity, emotional response, API, and EEG. These results give us a better understanding of the properties of the pure materials that make up a fragrance, and provide useful information for the manufacture of fragrance products or aroma oil blends with enhanced specific functions.

IL-1RAcP는 일명 interleukin-1 receptor accessory protein이라 칭하며 interleukin-1 염증성 사이 토카인과 interleukin-1 receptor I (IL-1RI) 결합체와 복합체를 형성하여 작용한다. IL-1RAcP는 면 역반응, 스트레스 및 세포사멸과 관련이 있다. 본 연구의 목적은 참돔(Pagrus major)을 저수온 (8℃, 33 psu) 및 저염분(20℃, 10 psu) 상태에 노출시킨 후, IL-1RAcP 유전자의 발현을 관찰하는 것이다. 연구결과, IL-1RAcP 유전자의 발현은 저수온(8℃, 33 psu) 및 저염분(20℃, 10 psu) 상태 에서 유의적으로 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 이 연구결과로서 IL-1RAcP 유전자는 저수온 및 저 염분 등의 환경 스트레스에 대한 생체지표유전자로서 역할을 한다고 제의한다.

ZnO micro/nanocrystals with different morphologies were synthesized by thermal evaporation of various zinc source materials in an air atmosphere. Zinc acetate, zinc carbonate and zinc iodide were used as the source materials. No catalysts or substrates were used in the synthesis of the ZnO crystals. The scanning electron microscope(SEM) image showed that the morphology of ZnO crystals was strongly dependent on the source materials, which suggests that source material is one of the key factors in controlling the morphology of the obtained ZnO crystals. Tetrapods, nanogranular shaped crystals, spherical particles and crayon-shaped crystals were obtained using different source materials. The X-ray diffraction(XRD) pattern revealed that the all the ZnO crystals had hexagonal wurtzite crystalline structures. An ultraviolet emission was observed in the cathodoluminescence spectrum of the ZnO crystals prepared via thermal evaporation of Zn powder. However, a strong green emission centered at around 500 nm was observed in the cathodoluminescence spectra of the ZnO crystals prepared using zinc salts as the source materials.

Major royal jelly proteins (MRJPs) are important protein components of bee royal jelly (RJ) and exhibit various biologicaland pharmacological activities. The antimicrobial activities of royalisins and the jelleines contained within MRJP 1 andMRJP 2 in RJ have been elucidated. However, the antimicrobial effects of other bee RJ MRJPs remain largely unknown.In this study, we demonstrated that the Asiatic honeybee (Apis cerana) MRJP 4 (AcMRJP4) exhibits antimicrobial activitiesagainst bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Recombinant AcMRJP4 was expressed as a 63-kDa protein in baculovirus-infected insectcells. However, some of the recombinant AcMRJP4 proteins were cleaved into two fragments (i.e., 48-kDa (AcMRJP4-48)and 15-kDa (AcMRJP4-15) proteins) by the proteolytic cleavage of the C-terminus of the recombinant AcMRJP4. Interestingly,AcMRJP4, AcMRJP4-48, and AcMRJP4-15 exhibited antimicrobial activities, with AcMRJP4-15 exhibiting the highestantimicrobial activity, followed by AcMRJP4. AcMRJP4-15, which is a hydrophilic peptide with 88 amino acid residuesthat contains a high content of Asn and positively charged amino acids, induced structural damage in the cell walls ofthe assayed bacteria, fungi, and yeast. Altogether, our data demonstrated that AcMRJP4 functions as an antimicrobial agent.

In this study, we isolated and identified an aggregation-sex pheromone from Monochamus saltuarius, the major insectvector of the pine wood nematode in Korea. Adult male of M. saltuarius produces 2-undecyloxy-1-ethanol, which is knownto be an aggregation-sex pheromone in other Monochamus species. We performed field experiments to determine the attractivenessof the pheromone and other synergists. More M. saltuarius adult beetles were attracted to traps baited with the pheromonethan to unbaited traps. Ethanol and (-)-α-pinene interacted synergistically with the pheromone. Traps baited with pheromone+(-)-α-pinene+ethanol were more attractive to M. saltuarius adults than traps baited with pheromone, (-)-α-pinene, or ethanol alone.Ipsenol, ipsdienol, and limonene were also identified as synergists of the aggregation-sex pheromone for M. saltuarius adults.

Based on a research proposal from Cambridge University that knowing the anatomical structure of the insects wouldhelp make an excellent biomimetic robot, we studied the anatomical characteristics of insects for application to jumpingrobots. We choose crickets, grasshoppers, and mole crickets among the Orthoptera. The external and muscle microstructuresof the three insects were compared using a stereomicroscope, an optical microscope and an electron microscope. Musclefiber bundles of the third legs of the grasshoppers and crickets were very dense, although their mitochondria numberswere smaller than their first leg. Muscle fibers of the first legs of the mole crickets are more loosely arranged than grasshoppersand crickets’ first legs, and there is a large number of different sized mitochondria, although the distinction between musclebundles is not clear.

지구상에는 다양한 생물 분류군이 다양한 환경 속에서 서식하고 있다. 나비류는 애벌레 시절에 특정 먹이식물을 먹기에 나비의 존재는 먹이 식물의 존재를 알려주며, 생물다 양성을 측정하는 적절한 방법으로 고려되고 있다(Margules and Pressey, 2000). 또한, 나비류는 기후변화에 대한 지표생 물로서의 가치도 높은 분류군이다. 이에 본 연구는 호남, 금남호남정맥의 주요 산림을 대상으로 나비류와 주변 환경과 의 관계를 분석하여 향후 정맥의 생물다양성과 기후변화에 대한 기초자료를 확보하기 위하여 실시하였다. 조사대상지는 호남, 금남호남정맥에 위치한 팔공산, 만덕 산, 천운산, 제암산을 대상으로 하였다. 조사구는 고려하여 산림 내부, 산림 능선, 산림 정상, 인가 주변 등 서식지 유형 을 고려하여 설치하였다. 조사구는 20m×10m(200㎡)로 하 였으며, 팔공산은 22개소, 만덕산 23개소, 천운산 24개소, 제암산 30개소로 총 99개 조사구를 설치하였다. 조사 내용 은 조사구별 나비 출현현황, 나비 행동, 흡밀식물 현황이었 다. 나비 행동은 지금까지 관찰한 경험을 바탕으로 먹이, 산란, 짝짓기, 이동, 물먹기, 휴식으로 구분하였으며, 그 이 외의 행동은 기타로 구분하여 기록하였다. 이용대상은 주요 행동에 따라 식물, 흙, 물, 인공물 등으로 구분하였으며, 이 용하는 식물명은 정확히 기록하였다. 나비동정은 육안으로 직접 하였으며 직접 동정이 되지 않는 나비는 망(지름 40cm)을 이용하여 채집하여 확인하였다. 종 동정은 주흥재 등(1997), 김용식(2002)의 방법으로 하였으며 명명은 한국 곤충명집(한국곤충학회와 한국응용곤충학회, 1994)를 따 랐다. 조사구별 종다양성지수, 조사구간 유사도지수, 나비 와 주변환경(울폐도, 해발고, 토지이용유형)과의 관계를 분 석하였다. 나비와 주변환경과의 관계는 SPSS 21.0을 활용 하여 상관관계 분석을 실시하였다. 호남, 금남호남정맥 주요 산림에서 출현한 나비는 총 5과 78종류였으며, 팔공산이 49종 314개체로 가장 다양한 종이 확인되었다. 만덕산은 45종 249개체, 제암산 47종 337개체, 천운산 35종 254개체를 확인하였다. 특이종으로는 뾰족부 전나비, 큰주홍부전나비가 있었으며, 국가 기후변화 생물지 표종 중 푸른큰수리팔랑나비, 암끝검은표범나비, 먹그림나 비, 남방노랑나비 4종이 확인되었다. 나비의 행동을 분석한 결과, 이동하는 개체가 507개체(44.5%)로 가장 많았으며, 휴식 410개체(36.0%), 흡밀 189개체(16.6%), 짝짓기 14개 체(1.2%) 등이었다. 전체 78종류 중 흡밀을 확인한 나비는 42종류였다. 큰줄 흰나비가 28종류의 식물을 이용하였으며 줄점팔랑나비는 13종류, 푸른부전나비 12종류, 왕자팔랑나비 9종류, 남방노 랑나비 7종류를 이용하였다. 나비의 흡밀식물은 총 61종류 였으며 나비들이 가장 선호하는 흡밀식물은 개망초, 등골나 물, 부들레야, 절굿대, 큰까치수염 순이었다. 개망초와 등골 나물은 각각 7종의 나비가 흡밀하였으며, 부들레야, 절굿대 는 6종, 큰까치수염과 며느리밑씻개는 각각 4종의 나비가 흡밀하였다. 개체수로 보면, 큰까치수염에서 가장 많은 나 비가 흡밀하였으며 부들레야, 절굿대, 등골나물, 개망초 순 이었다. 조사지역별 종다양성지수(Shannon)를 산출한 결과, 제 암산이 0.7365로 가장 높았으며 팔공산 0.7505, 천운산 0.6890, 만덕산 0.6353이었다. 지역별 종다양성지수 차이를 검증하기 위하여 ANOVA 분석을 실시한 결과 통계적 유의 성은 없는 것으로 확인되었다. 유사도지수는 만덕산과 팔공 산의 종구성이 가장 유사하였으며 천운산과 팔공산이 가장 낮았다. 나비와 환경과의 관계를 알아보기 위하여 상관관계 분석 을 실시한 결과, 나비의 종수, 개체수, 종다양성지수는 울폐 도와 음의 상관관계를 보였다. 즉, 울폐도가 높으면 높을수 록 나비의 종이나, 개체, 종다양성지수는 감소하는 것으로 확인할 수 있었다. 토지이용유형은 나비 서식에 영향을 주 는 지를 확인하기 위하여 토지이용유형을 임도(도로 포함) 와 산림, 초지, 벌채지, 산림 정상으로 구분하여 분산분석을 실시하였다. 임도에서는 평균 9.0종, 산림 4.5종, 초지 8.1 종, 벌채지 4.4종, 산림 정상 9.0종, 전석지 7.0종으로 임도 에서 가장 다양한 나비가 출현하였다. 분산분석 결과, 토지 이용유형별 나비의 종 수는 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으며 사후 분석결과, 임도와 산림 정상, 초지는 산림지역에 비하 여 출현 종 수가 많은 것을 확인하였다. 개체수의 경우도, 집단간 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으며, 사후 분석결과 임도 와 산림정상이 산림과 벌채지보다 나비 개체가 많이 출현하 였다. 종다양성지수도 통계적 유의성이 인정되었으며, 사후 분석결과 산림정상, 임도, 초지, 전석지의 종다양성지수가 산림지역보다 높음을 확인하였다. 인용문헌 김용식(2002) 원색한국나비도감. 교학사, 305쪽. 주흥재, 김성수, 손정달(1997) 한국의 나비. 교학사, 437쪽. 한국곤충학회, 한국응용곤충학회(1994) 한국곤충명집, 건국대학 교출판부. 744쪽. Asher, J., Warren, M., Fox, R., Harding, P., Jeffcoate, G. & Jeffcoate, S. (2001) The Millennium Atlas of Butterflies in Britain & Ireland. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK. Steffan-Dewenter, I. and T. Tscharntke(2000) Butterfly community structure in fragmented habitats. Ecology Letters 3: 449-456. Shannon, C. E. and W. Weaver(1949) The Mathematical Theory of Communication. University of Illinois Press, Urbana, 117pp. Margules C. R. and Pressey R. L.(2000) Systematic conservation planning. Nature 405: 243-253.

This study was conducted to investigation species of microbes collected form SMS(spent mushroom substrate) of oyster mushroom. SMS samples were collected from two farms and mushroom research Institute in Gyeonggi-Do. 52 microbial isolates form SMS of oyster mushroom were collected. 24 of these isolates identified Bacillus sp. By using 16s rDNA. Among the isolates, Bacillus sp. was the most abundant with 46% of total isolates, followed by Lactococcus sp. with 20% and Saccharomycetales contained Galactomyces sp. with 19%. To define the optimum conditions for the cell mass of major isolates collected from SMS of oyster mushroom, we have investigated optimum culture condition such as pH, temperature, and incubation time. Optimum initial pH, temperature and incubation time of Bacillus sp. were determined as pH 6.0, 25°C and 48 hours, respectively. In the Lactococcus sp, optimum initial pH 6.0, optimum initial temperature 35°C and optimum growth period 48 hours. Optimum initial conditions of Saccharomycetales were investigated as pH 7.0, temperature 25°C and growth period 36 hours, respectively.

대마[Cannabis sativa L.]는 오랫동안 섬유작물로 재배되었지만 종실의 기름 함량이 많고 불포 화지방산 비율이 높아 식용유 원료작물로 유망하다. 오랫동안 대마 종실유를 이용해온 유럽의 여러 나라에 서는 압출식으로 착유하는데, 이용 역사가 짧은 우리나라에서는 대마 종실유에 대한 정보 부족으로 소비자 기호도가 낮은 편이다. 본 연구는 압착식과 압출식으로 착유한 대마 종실유의 성분을 분석하여 소비자들에 게 올바른 정보를 제공하기 위해 수행하였다. 압출식 착유기로 착유하면 착유량이 압착식에 비해 많았다. 착유 부산물인 유박은 압출식에서는 으깨어져 얇고 납작하게 배출되지만, 압착식은 종실이 다소 납작해졌 으나 종실의 형상을 유지하였다. 압출식 착유 종실유는 압착식에 비해 Chlorophyll A, B 및 Carotenoid 함 량이 높아 명도(L)는 낮고 녹색과 황색은 진하였다. 지방산 조성에서 Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic aicid, γ-Linolenic acid 비율은 압출식 착유 종실유가 압착식에 비해 다소 높았으나, Linoleic acid와 α -Linolenic acid는 낮았다. 대마 종실유는 총 토코페롤 함량이 많고 그 중 γ-Tocopherol 함량이 많은 것 이 특징이었는데 압출식 착유 종실유가 압착식에 비해 다소 적었다.