이 논문은 선박의 자동조타장치를 음성인식으로 제어할 수 있는 시스템을 개발하기 위한 기초연구로 SMCP(IMO Standard Marine Communication Phrases)에 제시된 조타명령문의 구성 형태를 분석하여 화자의 의도를 예측할 수 있는 특정 파라미터를 추출하였다. 그리고 이 파라미터를 이용하여 1차 패턴인식 과정으로부터 도출된 후보단어 집합으로부터 최종 단어를 결정하는 후처리 인식 프로시저를 설계하였다. 이 프로시저의 유용성을 검증하기 위하여 음성인식용으로 총 525개의 조타명령문을 획득하였고, 표준패턴 기반의 인식과정 인식률과의 비교실험을 수행하였다. 실험결과 의도예측 특정 파라미터를 이용한 인식 프로시저의 인식률이 약 42.3% 향상되어 유효함을 알 수 있었다.

Almost 20 years or more than 10 years have passed, Since Korea has received community service order into the juvenile justice system in 1988 and into the adult justice system in 1995. In this paper, the community service order system and practices during last 20 years are analysed and new directions of community service order in Korea are pursued. Recently Korean ministry of justice have started the missions to expand the scope of community service order and to diversify it. In this paper, the missions of the ministry of justice are also evaluated. With these purpose the contents of this paper is as follows; I. Introduction II. The realities of community service oder in Korea 1. The provisions on community service order in the statutes 2. The practices of community service order 3. evaluation III. The community service order as an alternative to detention at a workhouse 1. The fine system and the detention at a workhouse 2. The realities of the detention at a workhouse and its' problems 3. The plan of the ministry of justice 4. evaluation of the plan IV. The community service order as a independent disposition 1. Suggestions 2. The draft of the revised Juvenile Act 2007 3. evaluation V. Diversifying the community service order as a criminal sanction 1. The possibility of coexistence of probation order and community service order 2. The community service order as a condition of a suspended sentence 3. The community service order as a condition of parole 4. The community service order as a condition of a suspended prosecution VI. Conclusion

수입으로 인한 미국 특허권 침해에 대해 미국무역위원회("ITC")가 취할 수 있는 구제수단(remedies)으로서의 배제명령(exclusion orders)은 그 관할권의 대물적(in rem) 성격때문에 국제통상에 장애가 될 수 있는 소지가 많다. 이러한 이유에서 1947년 GATT에서 현재의 WTO체제까지 배제명령 및 그 근거법률인 미국관세법 337조의 GATT/WTO에 대한 3번의 사법심사의 시도가 있었다. 특히 ITC에 의해 미국 특허권 침해가 결정되어 일반배제명령(General Exclusion Orders)을 받은 경우는 조사절차의 당사자가 아닌 제3자의 생산품도 수입될 수 없어 국제통상에 미치는 영향이 매우 크다고 평가된다. 본고는 이러한 배제명령, 특히 일반배제명령의 WTO적합성을 다루었다. 결론적으로 미국의 우루과이 라운드이행법(URAA)에 의해 개정된 337조의 절차와 일반 배제명령은 GATT상의 내국민대우와 일반예외 조항의 필요성 요건을 충족시키지 못할 가능성이 많고 TRIPS와 관련해서도 특히 지재권 보호와 국제통상의 원활화라는 형량의무를 규정하고 있는 前文과 41조 위반 가능성이 높고 어떤 상황하에서는 51조 위반 가능성도 제기될 수 있다.

최근 우리나라에서 청소년범죄에 대한 대책의 하나로서 청소년범죄자의 부모에게 부모교육프로그램을 제공할 필요성에 대한 인식이 확산되고 있으며, 더 나아가 이를 법제화하여 1호처분이나 보호관찰처분 대상자의 부모에게 교육프로그램에의 참여를 강제적인 명령 혹은 의무로 부과함으로써 저조한 프로그램 참여율을 높이고, 프로그램 운용의 효과를 높여야 한다는 요구가 증가하고 있다. 이러한 시점에서 본 연구는 우리나라의 부모교육명령제도의 모델사례로서 지적되고 있는 영국의 부모교육명령제도의 도입배경, 구체적인 내용, 실시현황, 관련 쟁점, 효과 등을 자세히 소개하고 있다. 그리고 더 나아가서 위와 같은 작업을 통해서 우리가 도입하고자 하는 제도가 어떤 맥락에서 시행되었으며, 실제로는 어떻게 운용되고, 어떤 효과를 낳는가를 비판적으로 검토해봄으로서 우리나라의 도입타당성여부를 판단해 보고 있다.

Due to the complexity and stochastic nature of automated warehousing system, items are usually queued up at I/O point. We introduce a storage/retrieval policy : dual-command. We present quick approximations to queueing phenomena under these policies. It i

We consider an AS/RS(Automated Storage/ Retrieval System) which performs both of single and dual commands. The service times of single and dual commands are assumed to be differently distributed. Steady-state probabilities at the service completion epochs

Due to the complexity and stochastic nature of automated warehousing system, items are usually queued up at I/O point. We introduce a storage/retrieval policy : dual-command. We present quick approximations to queueing phenomena under these policies. It is assumed that the storage and retrieval arrrival pattern follow the same poisson process. We also assumed that storage queue and retrieval queue being operated separately. The approximation attempts are performed under the proposed storage/retrieval policies after we derive S/R machine travel time distributions.

This article studied on the community service order in Korea. Community service order is designed to enable the government to save the budget by isolating criminals from the society, and this system protects less serious offenders from learning new skills for the new crimes from old offenders in the correctional office by being held together at one place. Community service order has well established. especially in recent years we attained a remarkable result by this system in the criminal policy. in practice, however, there are some problem to improve the use community order service system more efficiently, the most critical problem is about probation officers. to polish and enforce this system, we should train and develop the professional manpower, such as probation officers. The next problem is probation officer needs to develop community service order programs to give criminals more chance to participate in these programs positively. Finaly, our a warm affection for the criminals will lead community service order to the success.

This article studies community service order in terms of its objectives, functions, and legal basis. Compared with the cases of the advanced countries where community service order has well established, this study seeks to find problems and remedies to improve the use of community service order in Korea. The recommendations are 1) a fairer and more reasonable selection process for the candidates, 2) a development of better examination system to classify the offenders, 3) imposition of appropriate conditions and regulations, 4) A stricter penalties for the condition violators, 5) the encouragement of active participation of voluntary personnel.

The Introduction of the Criminal Treatment System such as the Community Service Order, can minimize the possibility of a second conviction by Criminals. The Community Service Order gives Criminals a chance to receive various treatment services, while living in the open society. The Community Service Order System is a meaningful method in the Criminal Policy because of its several social advantages; 1) It enables the government to save the budget by isolating Criminals from the society. 2) It protects less serious offenders from learning new skills for the new crimes from old offenders in the correctional institution by being held together at one place. Many nations have adopted this Community Service Order system and it became effective in their society. It is one of the most effective systems for correcting criminals. In Korea, this system has been evaluated as a revolutional system demonstrating the good results after being introduced in the amended Criminal Law on January 1st, 1997. However, this Community Service Order system needs to be supplemented byh the following points in order to serve society as a better correctional method for the Criminals. First, we should establish the purpose and the philosophy for enforcing the Community Service Order to Criminals. Second, we should educate and train the professional manpowers, such as probation officers, to polish and enforce this system. Third, we should not only make very clear and restricted punishments for the Criminals violating the Community Service Order, but also give a consideration to them for performing it positively. Finally, we should make it into a law to perform the Community Service Order within a certain period of time after receiving the order from the court, and the probation office should develop various Community Service Order programs to give criminals more chances to participate in these programs positively. Through these opportunities, we are able to make Criminals feel like a member of Society who should obey the law and public morals, and to assist them returning back to society as normal, not Criminal, with this Community Service Order system.

Procedural fraud is a type of a so–called triangular fraud targeting to mislead the judgment of the court, which differs from the structure of a general fraud in that it has some aspects of deeming it sufficient to satisfy its constituent elements. When a broad-minded approach is taken to interpret the element of ‘pecuniary advantage’ in the context of fraud, it is not impossible to construct a theory that procedural fraud in compulsory execution is consummated when a judgment of the executive court at the intermediate stage of the enforcement process is identified as such ‘pecuniary advantage’. However, since the compulsory execution procedure is a series of procedures in which various actions are cumulatively carried out to satisfy the claim based on court judgment/arbitral award which has become final and conclusive, the time of consummation should be when the claim is satisfied or when the compulsory execution procedure terminate. Regarding the time of consummation of procedural fraud, which is related to the issuance of a collection order in a compulsory execution procedure, it is insufficient for the execution creditor merely to obtain an issuance of a collection order but further need the satisfaction of claim by actually collecting the seized claim etc.

컴퓨터 게임에서 대부분의 사용자 인터페이스 방법은 키보드, 마우스, 터치스크린이다. 사운 드 형태 명령어의 전체 처리 시간은 크게 명령어 입력 시간과 인식 시간으로 구성된다. 본 논 문은 명령어 신호 전체를 입력받지 않고 일부 앞부분 신호만을 받음으로써, 입력 시간을 줄여 전체 처리 시간을 단축하는 방법을 제안한다. 우리의 방법에서는 HMM(Hidden Markov Process)를 이용해 명령어 신호를 인식하는데, 전체 신호 및 부분 신호들에 대해 별도의 HMM 을 구성한다. 플랫홈 게임의 대표 명령어들을 음성과 손바닥 소리로 표현해, 본 논문의 방법을 실험했다. 실험 결과, 인식률의 큰 저하 없이 명령어 처리 시간을 줄임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연 구는 게임의 사용자 인터페이스 방법을 다양화하는데 기여할 것이다.