This research investigated the characteristics of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration at roadside (Choryangdong) and residential (Sujeongdong) locations in Busan. The PM10 concentration at roadside and residential locations were 50.5 and 42.9 ㎍/m3, respectively, and PM2.5 at roadside and residential were 28.1 and 23.9 ㎍/m3, respectively. The roadside/residential ratio of PM10 and PM2.5 concentration were 1.18, and the PM2.5/PM10 ratio at roadside and residential were 0.55 and 0.56, respectively. The PM10 concentration in spring at roadside were 64.6 ㎍/m3, and were the highest, followed by 48.0 ㎍/m3 and 45.2 ㎍/m3 in winter and summer. Number of exceedances per year of the daily limit value for PM10 at roadside and residential were 66 and 39 days, respectively. The PM10 and PM2.5 concentration, and PM2.5/PM10 ratio at roadside were 53.0 ㎍/m3, 29.0 ㎍/m3 and 0.55 for day, and 45.5 ㎍/m3, 26.7 ㎍/m3 and 0.59 for night, respectively. These results indicate that understanding the relationship between roadside and residential could provide insight into establishing a strategy to control urban air quality.

Koreans have sedentary lifestyles and use under-floor heating called Ondol as home heating systems. Sick Building Syndrome (SBS) caused by VOCs released from flooring material has been of significant interest in residential apartments. In this study, we measured exposure to VOCs by having test subjects breathe under conditions of high surface temperature. The results showed that the emission level of VOCs was high at 40oC in the early stage of the experiment. However, 20 days after the experiment began, the emission level was reduced by 0.9-4 times in each product at 40oC. The exposure to VOCs released from floor coverings was measured by taking into account the average respiratory rate, weight, and activity hour of test subjects and presuming that people are exposed to VOCs all the time while staying indoors. The level of emission from FJR of low-cost PVC floor coverings was the highest among the tested coverings, but the exposure to VOCs emission from the covering was relatively low at 0.025 mg/kg/day at 40oC. The amount of toluene detected from this experiment was the highest among VOCs emitted from floor coverings. The hazard quotient (HQ) of toluene detected in this test was over 20 times smaller than the risk characterization level of 0.1. It was, therefore, estimated that the emission of toluene from the floor surface would not be critically harmful to residents.

각종 산업공정 및 생활과정에서 발생되는 폐기물을 처리하는 방법에는 다양한 방법이 존재하나 화석연료를 대체할 신재생에너지의 필요성이 확대되면서 폐기물도 처리되어야 할 대상에서 에너지원으로 다양한 활용방법이 제안되고 있다. 생활폐기물 고형연료제품 제조시설을 비롯한 전처리가 필요한 시설에서 중요한 것은 반입대상 폐기물의 물성이다. 본 연구는 전라남도 Y시의 생활폐기물의 물리화학적 특성을 파악하여 전처리 시설의 최적 설계 및 운영의 효율성을 증대시키기 위한 기초자료를 제공하고자 실시하였다. Y시 소각장 반입폐기물에 대한 물리적 성상조사는 폐기물 수집운반차량에 적재되어있는 폐기물 전량을 대상으로 실시하였다. 폐기물 전량을 방수포 위에 쏟아 부은 뒤에 4가지 기준(조대폐기물, 종량제봉투, 비종량제봉투, 파봉폐기물으로 분류하였다. 조대폐기물은 선별공정에 투입되었을 때 문제가 생길 수 있을 것으로 판단되는 500mm 이상 크기로 구분하고 폐기물을 분류한 뒤에 종량제 봉투와 비종량제 봉투를 구분하였다. 비종량제봉투는 일반비닐봉투나 마대자루등으로 밀봉되어 반입된 폐기물이며 파봉폐기물은 수집운반차량에서 조대폐기물 및 밀봉된 폐기물을 제외한 파봉된 상태로 수집된 폐기물로 구분하였다. 조사대상 폐기물의 수거지역은 공동주택지역(가-지역, 나-지역), 단독주택지역, 시외곽지역 및 재활용선별장(재활용 선별하고 남은 잔재물)으로 선정하였다. 반입되는 폐기물은 종량제폐기물이 22.07 wt%, 비종량제폐기물은 23.99 wt%, 파봉폐기물이 44.39 wt%, 조대폐기물의 발생량이 9.55 wt%로 확인되었다. 반입되는 폐기물 중 전처리 시설을 가동할 때 조대폐기물을 제거한다고 가정하여 조대폐기물을 제외한 시료를 대상으로 물리적 조성을 분석하였다. 분석 결과 가연성 물질은 85.66 wt%이고 그 중 비닐이 21.77 wt%로 가장 높게 나타났으며 음식물(18.14 wt%), 종이(17.47 wt%), 기저귀/생리대(6.83 wt%)순으로 발생 되었다. 삼성분 분석을 실시한 결과 평균 수분은 36.01wt%이며 폐기물의 습기준 저위발열량은 2,573kcal/kg으로 다소 낮은 것으로 확인되었는데, 이는 대상폐기물 중 수분함량이 높은 음식물의 양이 많아 발열량에 영향을 미친 것으로 판단된다.

To establish a reasonable resource circulation oriented society of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), more exact and detailed information for MSW generation characteristics should be obtained. Although a municipality has generally various MSW discharge sources, a simplified generation characteristics is uniformly applied in all cases for establishing an integrated waste management system regardless of living style such as single detached house or apartment and living area such as urban or rural area. The annual average generation rate of municipal solid wastes in Changwon is approximately 0.345 kg/ c·d. As the results of density analysis, the average density of urban or rural area 0.210 ~ 0.216 kg/L. The weight percent of combustible matters is on average 98.9% and food waste was major source of solid waste as 58.5%. Calorific value range from 1,620 kcal/kg to 1,680 kcal/kg at detached house and 2,780 kcal/kg to 2,980 kcal/kg at apartment. Apartment residence has higher the calorific value than detached house. In this study Changwon city was selected as a model municipality which has urban and rural area. MSW generation rate and its physicochemical properties were experimentally estimated, and then the MSW discharge characteristics of residents were also surveyed by questionnaire. Data were classified into generation source and region to identify their differences in MSW generation characteristics.

The present study aims to evaluate the characteristics of atmospheric polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) pollution in roadside and residential areas of two Korean metropolitan cities (Seoul and Incheon) and a background area (Seokmolee). This purpose was established by analyzing temporal and spacial concentration distribution of total and 7 individual PAHs, which were extracted from ambient particulate matters, and by utilizing a multivariate statistical method (principal component analysis, PCA) for the qualitative determination of potential PAH sources. Target PAHs included benzo(a)anthracene (BaA), benzo(a)pyrene (BaP), benzo(b)fluoranthene (BbF), benzo(k)fluoranthene (BkF), chrysene (Chr), dibenzo(a,h)anthracene (DahA), and indeno(1,2,3-cd)pyrene (IcdP). For all surveyed sites, the concentrations of total PAHs were higher in winter season than in other seasons. However, the concentrations of individual PAHs varied with surveyed sites. In both residential and roadside sites of Seoul and Incheon, BbF revealed the highest atmospheric levels. For all 7 target PAHs, the ambient concentrations were higher in Seoul and Incheon than in a background area (Seokmolee). In both residential and roadside areas, the concentrations of 4 target PAHs (BaA, BbF, BkF, DahA) were higher in Incheon than in Seoul. However, both the residential and roadside Chr concentrations were comparable in Seoul and Incheon. In addition, the residential IcdP concentrations were higher in Incheon than in Seoul, whereas the roadside concentrations were higher in Seoul. The roadside and residential BaP concentrations exhibited the reverse result to the IcdP concentrations. An PCA analysis suggested that atmospheric PAHs in both residential and roadside areas would be due to combined effects of several potential sources such as gasoline- and diesel-fueled vehicles, coal/oil combustion, and waste incineration.

Rapid progress in urbanization has resulted in a change of the micro climate, especially in the urban area. In order to investigate the phenomenon of the heat island in the residential micro climate, a field survey was carried out by 4 sets of the residential type in Jeonju under typical winter synoptic condition. As analytic methode, it is used the comparison on the relation of the Land-to-Coverage Rate to Heat Island and Oxygen Concentration. And as a key question it is asked how stable characteristics of the micro climate will result from the survey of the Heat Island and the Oxygen Concentration, used as indicator. To ensure the trustworthy result of research, it is calculated the critical influence of the wind velocity and the Land-to-Covearage Rate. As a result of comparative analysis, it could be confirmed that the local temperatures in all sets of the residential type were higher than the average temperature in Jeonju. But the housing type A "exclusive use for housing zone" has relativly the most stable and best living condition. On the contrary the residential type B and D has the worst toward the oxygen concentration in the time zone 9-12 a.m., which didn't reach the minimum of the oxygen concentration 20.5%. It means that the higer the development and population density is, the worse is the situation of the Quality of Life in the residential types in accordance with the heat island and oxygon concentration.

The purpose of this study is to analyze structural and ecological characteristics of streams in rural village. The methods used in this study were measuring the section and surveying the vegetation of the stream at three points(upstream, inner village, downstream ) of 10 rural villages. The major findings of this study can be summarized as follows : 1) The average width of streams is 9 m, and the height of banks 3.1 m. the downstreams are the widest(average 10 m), and the inner-villages are the narrowest (average 8 m), and the slopes of basin are 7.33 %, 2.67 %, 1.39 % at upstream, inner-village, downstream respectively. 2) The downstreams are more contaminated than upstreams due to the sewage from the residents, especially livestock wastewater. 3) The dominant species in the streams are Persicaria thunbergii H. Gross (average Cover 17.76 %) and cumulus japonicas Sieb et. Zucc (average Cover 7.75 % ). 4) The average area covered by vegetation is 53.31 % the downstreams are covered 65.7 %, but inner-village area covered by vegetation is 46.6 %. 5) The problem found in this study are severe water contamination, poor accessibility to stream and poor vegetation of inner-village area, etc.