The Korea Strait comprises a continental shelf in a shallow sea that experienced glacio-eustastic sea-level changes during the Quaternary period. A long core of 76.6 m in length was acquired at the South Sea Drilling Project site (SSDP-101; 34o19.666′E and 128o16.335′N) with a 60 m water deep. The uppermost massive sand beds were interpreted as sandy sediments of the nearshore marine sand ridge in the shallow sea during the transgression of sea level, whereas the lower parts of alternating sandy and muddy beds were interpreted as deposits in marsh, estuary, and tidal flat environments. A three-layered geoacoustic model was reconstructed for the sedimentary succession in the high-resolution seismic profile based on a 140-grain size and sediment type of core SSDP-101. For the actual underwater simulation and experiments, the in-situ P-wave speeds were calculated using the sound speed ratio of the Hamilton method.

본 논문에서는 EU가 경제안보의 도구이자 목표 달성을 위해 제시한 핵심원자재법(CRMA) 정책의 의의를 매슬로의 욕구단계설(Maslow's hierarchy of needs)의 시각에서 분석하였다. 본고에서는 안보 영역과 경제 및 통상 영역에서 EU의 ‘전략적 자율성’이 다른 의미와 적용, 목 적으로 사용되고 있음을 분석하였다. 핵심 광물은 매슬로의 욕구단계 중 생리적 및 안전 욕구(physiological needs)와 관련되므로, CRMA는 최근 제시되고 있는 EU의 경제안보 전략 중 가장 하위단계인 필수요 소에 해당한다. 따라서 주요국들은 최근의 경제안보 전략 중 핵심원자 재에 관한 경쟁은 양보할 수 없는 요소이며, EU 또한 마찬가지인 것이 다. EU는 글로벌 시장에서 공급에 관한 공정성, 수급에 관한 지속가능 성, 환경에 관한 자원효율성을 추구하며 전략적 자율성을 확보하기 위 해 정책을 집중하고 있다.

As ESG (environmental, social, and governance) has become a major business trend, many firms put ESG into their business practice to fulfill market and stakeholders' demands (Wang et al., 2016). With a growing emphasis on ESG, firms must decide how to integrate ESG into their organizational strategy. Although ESG is a popular business trend, it is meaningless if ESG reduces firm value. For successful ESG implementation, ESG strategy must be integral to the business model (Duque-Grisales and Aguilera-Caracuel, 2021). With the integration of ESG into the firm's business process, sustainable activities enable firms to improve their economic and social performance by tapping into the synergies between business and societal agendas (Duque-Grisales and Aguilera-Caracuel, 2021). Core competence refers to an organization's accumulated strength compared to other organizations in the industry (Wheelen, 2019). It is the unique integration of leadership, technologies, specialized skills and knowledge, organizational culture, and the working possesses (Wheelen, 2019). Even though the literature on ESG emphasizes integrating ESG into firms’ core capabilities, there are only a few studies that developed ESG implementation and integration framework in specific dimensions (Fatima & Elbanna, 2022) and the literature shows mixed results. Since previous research presents unclear results regarding ESG implementation and firms' core competencies, this study aims to 1) investigate how ESG strategy could integrate with firms' core competencies and 2) clarify ESG embeddedness drivers. The findings provide significant implications for academics and managers by clarifying how firms can enhance their value through ESG with firms' core competencies.

This study identified the core competencies of aircraft maintenance quality engineers and compared the importance and retention of core competencies. Through literature research, 21 core competencies were derived in three areas of management technology, elemenal technology and collaboration technology, and a survey was conducted on the importance and retention of core competencies for 42 aircraft maintenance quality engineers. As a result of the survey, the importance of all core competencies of aircraft maintenance quality engineers is 3.95/5 on average, and the retention of all core competencies is 3.99/5 on average. 'Risk Management’, ‘Creating Document’, ‘Honesty/Moral’ were identified as the most important competencies in each area, and ‘Quality Management’, ‘Language’, ‘Honesty/Moral’ were identified as the most possessed competencies in each area. An IPA (Importance-Performance Analysis) was performed to analyze the details. Through IPA, ‘Risk Management’ and ‘Safety Management’ were evaluated as having a low degree of retention compared to a high level of importance. Therefore, they were identified as a core competencies that need to be improved first. In addition, the characteristics of each core competency and the recognition level in the field were also identified. This study will be helpful in defining the roles and functions of aircraft maintenance quality engineers to improve flight quality and prevent aviation accidents.

본 연구는 대학에서 미래 일자리 지형변화에 대응하고 신기술분야의 주요 직무를 성공적으로 수행하기 위한 핵심 직무역량 도출을 국내 K대학의 사례를 통해 제시하는데 그 목적이 있다. 이를 위해 신기술분야 로 지능형드론 및 UAM 신기술분야를 선정하고 지역산업 및 K대학 역량 분석 기반으로 핵심직무역량 도출하고자 신기술분야 사례분석-신산업 분야 직무 역량 정의-산업체 전문가 의견 수렴(FGI)-대학 교원 인터뷰 및 설문조사-산업현장성 검증 단계로 연구를 진행하였다. 주요 연구결과는 다음과 같다. 첫째, 신 기술분야의 문헌 및 자료분석을 통해 직무역량을 정의하고 산업 전문가 의견수렴을 통해 직무기초역량 11개, 직무기술역량 43개, 및 초직능적 기술역량 28개 후보군이 도출되었다. 둘째, 관련 대학 교원을 대상 으로 설문조사 결과, 총 7개의 직무기초역량, 9개의 직무기술역량, 8개의 초직능적 기술역량으로 직무역 량 모델을 구성하였다. 셋째, 도출된 직무역량을 토대로 지역 산업 현장 검증을 설문조사를 실시하였고 최종 선정을 위해 각 역량에 대한 Needs Weight를 산출하였다. 그 결과 직무기초역량으로 ‘직업적 윤리 의식, 창의적 사고, 혁신적 사고, 융합적사고, 미래지향적 사고’, 초직능적기술역량은 ‘문제인식 및 문제해 결력, 자기주도성, 탐구정신, 협동 및 기술협력, 의사소통’ , 직무기술역량은 ‘이동체 제어기술, 설계/제작/ 제어능력, 무선통신기술, 센서시스템 활용기술, ICT 기술이해 및 활용’ 등으로 규명되었다. 결과를 토대로 신기술분야의 핵심직무역량 도출을 위한 시사점과 연구의 한계점을 제시하였다.

A two-hour fire-resistance PC hollow slab for residential use was developed to secure structural and fire-resistance performance and to be applied to the general building and apartment housing markets. Compared to the existing hollow slab, in order to secure the same or better structural performance and economic feasibility by reducing the quantity, it was attempted to secure the fire resistance performance by reducing the concrete filling rate in the cross section and adjusting the thickness of the upper and lower flanges by optimizing the hollow shape in the cross section of the slab. For structural performance evaluation, experiments were performed on PC hollow slabs by varying the member thickness and the presence or absence of overlaid concrete, and all of the experimental results showed that the design strength was sufficiently exhibited and that stability during construction was possible. The developed synthetic PC hollow slab has secured fire resistance and residential performance so that it can be applied to all buildings, and it is intended to be immediately applied to the field.

An hydrogen adsorption study on graphene-based surfaces consisting of nitrogen-doped graphene and core–shell type catalysts of initially Pd13 , Pt13 , PdPt12 and PtPd12 core–shells, is presented in this work. Density functional theory results indicate correlation between charge transfer and structural properties, hydrogen adsorption energies, magnetic behavior and electronic properties. Reduction of hydrogen, together with higher values of charge transfer was observed for high hydrogen dissociation, compared to the case of non-hydrogen dissociation. In some cases, these values may be almost an order of magnitude larger than that of non-hydrogen dissociation. Hydrogen dissociation is also related to oxidation of the surface and correlates with a non-core shell-type structure, high adsorption energies and low magnetic moments, in general. Besides, core shell-type structure dramatically changes the magnetic and electronic properties of charge transfer. The results obtained in this work may provide important information for storing hydrogen.

In this study, we have fabricated the phenolic resin (PR)/polyacrylonitrile (PAN) blend-derived core-sheath nanostructured carbon nanofibers (CNFs) via one-pot solution electrospinning. The obtained core-sheath nanostructured carbon nanofibers were further treated by mixed salt activation process to develop the activated porous CNFs (CNF-A). Compared to pure PAN-based CNFs, the activated PR/PAN blend with PR 20% (CNF28-A)-derived core-sheath nanostructured CNFs showed enhanced specific capacitance of ~ 223 F g− 1 under a three-electrode configuration. Besides, the assembled symmetric CNF28-A//CNF28-A device possessed a specific capacitance of 76.7 F g− 1 at a current density of 1 A g− 1 and exhibited good stability of 111% after 5,000 galvanostatic charge/discharge (GCD) cycles, which verifies the outstanding long-term cycle stability of the device. Moreover, the fabricated supercapacitor device delivered an energy density of 8.63 Wh kg− 1 at a power density of 450 W kg− 1.

The concrete structure of a nuclear power plant is a major safety structure that performs shielding functions to block radioactive materials and radiation, heat removal, and isolation functions. Therefore, concrete structures of nuclear power plants must prove structural safety from immediately after construction to dismantling, and a representative method for this is to investigate compressive strength. The compressive strength and specimen standards of concrete structures are specified in ASTM C 42/C 42M, and samples must be obtained through core drilling in order to collect samples according to this standard. However, commercial equipment requires anchor installation work causes radiation dust generation. Even commercial products have developed equipment that does not require anchor installation work, but it can only be applied to flat walls and cannot be applied to curved walls such as bioshields. To solve this problem, a method of fixing to the scaffolding pipe was designed. The equipment developed based on this method fundamentally blocks the generation of radioactive dust. The vertical position can be adjusted using guide shafts and jack screws, and the horizontal position can be adjusted using scaffolding clamps. In addition, the distance between the installation location and the wall can be adjusted by adjusting the scaffolding clamp location of the device. Lastly, it can be rotated to the left and right, so that even on a curved wall, the sampling position can be performed perpendicular to the wall. Core drills that take specimens for measuring compressive strength use the wet type. Core drilling by wet type in radioactively contaminated concrete leads to the disposal of sludge as radioactive waste. Water supplied during core drilling is scattered in all directions by the rotation of the core drill bit, which causes radiation exposure to workers, so measures must be taken to ensure that the water does not splash and gather in one place. Nileplant Co., Ltd. has developed a sludge collection device that can be used with a core drilling device. It can be inserted into a 4-inch core drill bit to meet the specimen regulations of ASTM C 42/C 42M, and nylon resin was used as a material to withstand friction with water, and the wall of the drainage part was thickened to increase durability. Based on these results, it is expected to be able to work more quickly and safely when collecting core drilling samples of radioactively contaminated concrete or radiation and concrete.

Background: Core muscle weakness occurs due to trunk asymmetry and spinal malalignment after stroke. Core exercise is being implemented to improve trunk control and sitting position in stroke patients. Objectives: To investigated the effects of core muscle electrical stimulation on trunk control and dynamic balance in stroke patients. Design: Quasi-experimental study. Methods: A total of 30 stroke patients were recruited and divided into two groups: experimental group (core muscle electrical stimulation group) and control group (sham core muscle electrical stimulation group). Trunk impairment scale (TIS) was used to measure trunk control. BioRescue was used to measure sitting dynamic balance. Results: In both groups, all TIS scores and sitting dynamic balance abilities were improved increased significantly after intervention (P<.05). Changes in TIS scores and sitting dynamic balance abilities were significantly greater in the experimental group than the control group (P<.05). Conclusion: It was found that core muscle electrical stimulation can be used as an effective method for trunk control and balance recovery in stroke patients.

Core–shell ZIFs wrapped CuO hybrid materials (CuO@ZIF-67(Co)) were designed, synthesized, characterized, and employed as peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activators to degrade methylene blue (MB). It demonstrated outstanding catalytic activity on account of the unique structure and the synergistic effect between CuO cores and ZIF-67(Co) shells, resulting in complete degradation of MB (10 mg/L) in 1 min. Reactive oxygen species (ROSs) research showed that both SO4 − and OH were responsible for the removal of MB. The synergistic activation mechanisms in the CuO@ZIF-67(Co)/PMS system were investigated, which mainly involved the effective electron transfer of CuO and ZIF-67(Co) for accelerating the cycle of CuII/ CuI and CoIII/ CoII. This study broadens the application of MOF-derived materials for wastewater treatment.

기존의 연령별 얼굴정서 인식 비교 연구에서는 정서별로 연령 간에 어떤 차이가 있는지 밝혔다. 이에 Kim(2021) 연구에서는 개별 정서가 아닌 정서공간에서 표상된 정서를 연령 간 비교하였다는 점에서 의의가 있으나, 기술적 (descriptive) 비교만 시행하였을 뿐, 통계적 유의미 검증을 하지 않았다는 한계가 있다. 본 연구에서는 표상 유사성 분석(representational similarity analysis) 방법을 통해 연령간 실제 데이터 및 정서 모델 유사성행렬을 직접적으로 비교하였다. 또한 개인차 다차원척도법(individual differences multidimensional scaling)을 통해 연령간 정서 차원에 대한 비중을 비교하였다. 그 결과 실제 데이터 비교에서 노년 집단은 청년 및 중년 집단과 가장 유사하지 않았으며, 쾌불쾌 차원이 포함된 정서 모델과의 유사성 비교에서도 가장 유사하지 않았다. 또한 노년 집단은 각성 차원에 대한 비중이 청년 및 중년 집단과 유사하지 않음이 발견되었다. 본 연구는 실제 데이터, 정서 모델, 그리고 정서 차원 비중이라는 세 가지 측정치에 대해 노년 집단과 청년 및 중년 집단과의 차이를 통계적으로 검증하였다는 점에서 의의가 있다.

This study proposes an RCS composite damping device that can achieve seismic reinforcement of existing buildings by dissipating energy by inelastic deformation. A series of experiments assessing the performances of the rubber core pad, hysteretic steel slit damping device, and hybrid RCS damping device were conducted. The results showed that the ratios of the deviations to the mean values satisfied the domestic damping-device conformity condition for the load at maximum device displacement in each direction, at the maximum force and minimum force at zero displacement, as well as the hysteresis curve area. In addition, three analysis models based on load-displacement characteristics were proposed for application to seismic reinforcement design. In addition, the validity of the three proposed models was confirmed, as they simulated the experimental results well. Meanwhile, as the shear deformation of the rubber-core pad increased, the hysteretic behavior of super-elasticity greatly increased the horizontal force of the damping device. Therefore, limiting the allowable displacement during design is deemed to be necessary.

본 연구에서는 양생물주기 및 보양을 하지 않은 구조체의 압축강도와 표준 양생 공시체의 압축강도를 비교 평가하였 다. 코어채취를 위해서 980x2090x200mm3 철근콘크리트 슬래브를 준비하였으며, 콘크리트 공시체 25개를 KS F 2405에 따라서 표준 양생, 20개를 구조체와 동일한 환경에서 대기중 양생을 하였다. 실험 결과, 28일 표준공시체 압축강도 대비 코어 채취 압 축강도는 약 4MPa 낮게, 대기중 양생 공시체의 압축강도는 약 7.6MPa 낮게 측정되었다. KCS에서는 양생기간의 온도가 낮을 경 우 온도보정강도를 제시하고 있으며, 실험결과로부터 제시된 값이 적정함을 확인하였다. 7일, 14일에 측정된 대기중 공시체의 압축강도는 코어채취 공시체의 압축강도와 유사하였지만, 28일 압축강도는 현저하게 차이가 나타났다. 초기 구조체의 초기 압축 강도 예측에 대기양생 공시체를 이용하는 것은 가능하지만, 28일 압축강도를 추측하는데 대기중 양생 공시체를 사용하는 것은 무리가 있다고 판단된다.

본 연구는 2015 개정 교육과정에 처음 도입된 핵심 개념이 추상적인 담론으로 그치지 않고 학교 현장에서 구 체적인 교수학습 방안으로 구현되도록 하기 위함이다. 이에 플랫폼, 숙의, 설계의 순환적 과정에 따라 백워드 설계 모 형을 활용하여 핵심 개념 이해를 위한 교수학습 자료 개발 연구에 참여한 8명의 중등 과학 교사들을 대상으로 핵심 개 념에 대한 인식 및 관점을 살펴보았다. 연구 결과, 핵심 개념에 대해 궁극적 원리에 해당하는 빅 아이디어, 일상생활을 살아가는 데 필요한 최소한의 과학 개념, 기본적이고 주요한 핵심적 과학 개념 등 핵심 개념의 의미에 대해 동일 교과 인 과학과 안에서도 공유되지 않은 인식의 차이가 나타났다. 이는 교수학습 지향점에도 영향을 주어, 핵심 개념을 전이 와 확장 가능한 빅 아이디어로서 이해하고 있는 경우는 개념 간의 관계에 주목하며 분명한 방향성을 갖고 프로젝트 학 습을 설계하는 경향이 나타났다. 한편, 핵심 개념을 삶의 맥락에서 떠올릴 수 있는 과학 소양 수준의 최소한의 과학 개 념으로 인식하는 경우, 학생들의 삶에 의미 있는 학습 경험을 제공하는 것을 지향하며 일상에 적용 가능한 사례 중심으로 검색 및 조사 활동을 강조하는 경향이 나타났다. 또한 핵심 개념을 기본 개념이나 주요 개념 등 핵심적인 과학 내용 요소로 인식하는 경우, 오개념 교정을 통한 개념 변화를 강조하며 정확한 과학 지식을 학습하고 지필 평가 및 수 행 평가를 통한 문제 해결 문항을 개발하는 것을 중요하게 인식하였다. 2015 개정 교육과정이 마무리 되고 2022 개정 교육과정이 확정·고시될 예정인 현 상황에서, 핵심 개념을 핵심 아이디어로 명명하여 빅 아이디어의 취지를 재차 강조 하는 2022 개정 교육과정이 학교 현장에 안정적으로 정착될 수 있도록 실효성 있는 정책적 지원이 뒷받침 되어야 할 것이다.

Numerical analysis has been carried out to predict the thermal characteristics for a LED lens in mold core system. These thermal characteristics inside the lens are largely affected by geometry, material, and initial conditions of the mold core and lens system. Local temperature and heat flux variation inside the lens are compared for several initial temperatures. Maximum temperature inside the lens was decreased rapidly from the beginning of cooling process up to about 10 seconds. There was also large variation of the heat flux at the upper and lower surfaces of the lens with initial temperature distribution. And the heat flux from the thin lower surface of the lens was relatively higher than the opposite-side thick region. In addition, overall heat transfer rate from the lens through the mold core has similar transient distribution from the beginning. These results can be applied as basic heat transfer data for the LED lens design and manufacturing process in the mold core system.

In existing ceramic mold manufacturing processes, inorganic binder systems (Si-Na, two-component system) are applied to ensure the effective firing strength of the ceramic mold and core. These inorganic binder systems makes it possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core with high dimensional stability and effective strength. However, as in general sand casting processes, when molten metal is injected at room temperature, there is a limit to the production of thin or complex castings due to reduced fluidity caused by the rapid cooling of the molten metal. In addition, because sodium silicate generated through the vitrification reaction of the inorganic binder is converted into a liquid phase at a temperature of 1,000 °C. or higher, it is somewhat difficult to manufacture parts through high-temperature casting. Therefore, in this study, a high-strength ceramic mold and core test piece with effective strength at high temperature was produced by applying a Si-Na-Ti three-component inorganic binder. The starting particles were coated with binary and ternary inorganic binders and mixed with an organic binder to prepare a molded body, and then heat-treated at 1,000/1,350/1,500 °C to prepare a fired body. In the sample where the two-component inorganic binder was applied, the glass was liquefied at a temperature of 1,000 °C or higher, and the strength decreased. However, the firing strength of the ceramic mold sample containing the three-component inorganic binder was improved, and it was confirmed that it was possible to manufacture a ceramic mold and core via high temperature casting.