목적 : 현재 환자가 의료기관을 직접 방문하여야 하는 작업치료서비스에 대하여 향후 가정 방문을 통하여 서비스를 제공할 경우 사회적 비용과 편익이 어떻게 변화하는지 분석하고자 시행하였다. 연구방법 : 우선 작업치료 관련 이해 당사자를 환자, 의료기관, 작업치료기관, 정부(보험자)로 구분하였다. 이후 비용자료의 수집을 위하여 환자와 의료기관을 대상으로 설문조사를 실시하였으며, 그 외 분석에 필요한 통계자료를 수집하였다. 비용은 실제 비용자료를 분석하여 적용하는 방법과 지불용의접근 방법을 각각 적용하여 시행하였다. 결과 : 가정작업치료 방식으로 전환하였을 때, 비용과 편익 비율은 비용자료분석 방법에서는 1.29, 지불용의접근 방법에서는 1.18이었다. 의료기관 수익률과 작업치료운영기관의 기타비용에 대하여 민감도 분석을 하였을 때, 비용자료분석 방법 적용에서는 편익증가는 20,830원/건-34,530원/건이었으며, 지불용의접근 방법 적용에서는 13,550원/건-18,790원/건이었다. 한편, 우리나라 뇌졸중 환자의 적어도 20%가 가정작업치료의 대상자라고 가정할 경우 사회적 순편익은 비용자료분석 방법 적용에서는 940,645천원/월, 지불용의접근 방법 적용에서는 583,864천원/월로 분석되었다. 결론 : 현재 환자가 의료기관을 직접 방문하여야 하는 작업치료서비스에 대하여 가정 방문을 통하여 서비스를 제공할 경우 사회적 순편익이 증가한다.

국제해사기구(IMO)는 회원국 정부에 대해 SOLAS, MARPOL, STCW, LL, TONNAGE, COLREG 등 6개 주요 국제협약의 이행수준을 증진시키기 위하여 회원국 감사제도(MAS)를 채택하고 있다. 이 감사제도는 회원국의 요청에 따라 실시하는 자발적인 감사이나 우리나라는 국제신인도 및 해운산업 경쟁력을 제고하기 위하여 수감을 준비하고 있다. 본 연구는 MAS 대상 6개 협약의 이행 현황 분석을 토대로 MAS 수감에 소요되는 비용과 감사 결과의 효과를 계량화하여 동 감사제도 도입의 타당성을 평가하기 위하여 수행되었다. MAS 도입에 따른 비용편익분석 결과 편익/비용 비율이 200 정도로 나타나 투자비용에 비해 편익 효과가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다.

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 526 construction sites. The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, construction and civil engineering works, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

This study delivers the actual condition of investment for industrial accident prevention based on survey of 526 construction sites. The various research techniques were used such as technical statistic analysis for construction industry, construction and civil engineering works, cost comparison of industrial accident prevention and accident loss. A formula was deduced to calculate accident loss and accident frequency by accident prevention cost through regression analysis.

The quantitative evaluation method of the safety management cost was suggested to prevent a gas accident as a major industrial accident. In a gas governor station, process risk assessments such as the fault tree analysis(FTA) and the consequence analysis were performed. Based on process risk assessments, potential accident costs were estimated and the cost-benefit analysis(CBA) was performed. From the cost-benefit analysis for five classification items of safety management cost, the order of the cost/benefit ratio was estimated.

The introduction of coastal vessel traffic services enables vessels in coastal waters to navigate in safety or to get her position with ease and prevents the vessel from becoming cause of casualties. But it needs relatively huge amount of cost to construct and operate and maintain. Thus we must be checked with economical adequacy of the the proposed coastal vessel traffic services by comparing the cost of the construction, operation and maintenance with the expected benefit made by the expected decrease in marine casualties. In previous paper, a proper cost-benefit analysis model for the Korean practice will be suggested. In this Paper, the proposed the cost-benefit analysis model of coastal vessel traffic services was applied to the Koje coastal waters 20mi1es from the top of Maemul-Do and Yokchi-Do. As the result, we confirmed the propriety of the cost-benefit analysis with the application of the proposed model to Koje waters. Also, it is verified that the introduction of coastal vessel traffic services, as proposed, is adequate and economical. The cost-benefit analysis model proposed in this study could be used to investigate the economic Propriety of new aids to navigation and traffic safety facilities in the future.

Cost-benefit analysis was investigated to propose the analysis method of the effect of investment and the optimum investment level of safety management cost for preventing gas accident in the B governor station. From five classifications of safety management costs consisting of cost items with similar characters and potential accident costs calculated by risk assessments(FMEA/HAZOP), we found that the order of the benefit(the reduction cost of the potential accident cost) was the instrument increase and repair cost > the safety checking and inspection cost > the labor and training cost > the safety equipment and corresponding cost > the research and development cost. As the benefit was increased with increasing the investment cost, the effect of investment was increased with decreasing the Investment cost. As a result, the optimum safety management cost was estimated and the investment level was analyzed by the model of optimum investment level.

유역 변경을 통한 수자원 확보방안으로 추진되고 있는 소규모 저류댐 건설에 대한 평가를 사례로 들어 자연 환경의 개발 계획에 대한 비용-편익 분석에 에머 지(Emergy)라고 하는 새로운 개념을 적용하였다. 에머지 개념은 환경 자원들이 우리 경제의 진정한 부에 기여하는 바를 평가하려는 시도이다. 에머지 평가를 위한 모델들은 시스템의 네트워크 특성들을 특별한 기호들을 이용하여 전체적으로 보여주는 모델링 언어인 에너지 시스템 언어(Energy Systems Language)를 이용하여 작성하였다. 제안된 댐 건설이 가져오는 대부분의 에머지 편익은 이 댐의 건설 목적인 용수 공급에 있었다. 댐의 건설로 형성될 호수의 생산성 증가로 인한 에머지 편익은 0.01% 미만으로 미미하였다. 주요 에머지 비용은 댐 건설비용 (28.2%), 유지관리비용 (27.2%), 사회적 혼란(22%), 수몰민의 이주비용(12.5%) 등으로 나타났다. 에머지 산출비율(Emergy yield ratio)은 퇴적물의 손실이 포함되지 않았을 경우 1.06, 퇴적물의 손실 포함되었을 경우 1.02로 나타나, 제안된 댐 건설의 순산출(Net yield) 은 그리 크지 않았다. 전통적인 비용-편익 분석 방법에 의한 비용-편익비(1.62)와 비교하여 볼 때, 에머지 개념을 이용한 비용-편익 평가에서는 제안된 댐의 편익이 낮게 나타났다. 이러한 에머지 산출비율은 생물종에 포함된 높은 에머지 때문에 시스템의 경계내에서 댐의 건설로 희귀 생물종의 손실이 일어난다면 1.0 미만으로 나타날 것이다. 이 경우 댐의 건설이 초래하는 에머지 비용은 에머지 편익보다 더 크게 될 것이다. 본 연구는 환경 자원이 감소하는 현 시점에 있어서 환경의 보다 나은 관리라는 측면에서 개발 계획들의 영향을 평가하는 데 적용될 수 있는 새로운 방법론을 소개하였다.

This study examines the cost and benefit (i.e., income) of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) rubber plantations in Thailand. The study attempts to identify the challenges to the implementation of FSC standards in rubber plantations in the country. A total of 60 rubber farmers in two Southern provinces, namely, Songkhla and Rayong, were interviewed through a standardized questionnaire to gather primary data. The study found that small-, medium- and large-sized FSC rubber plantations were worth investing in. All sizes of rubber plantations had similar values of benefit cost ratio (BCR). It was also found that the values of the discount payback period (DPP) of the three forms of FSC rubber plantations were 9-12 years, while the large rubber plantations had the highest internal rate of return (IRR) (19.0%). It implies that the large-size plantations had the highest values. The rubber farmers in the study area reported that they are facing a number of problems and hardships in implementing FSC standards, lacking knowledge and understanding of FSC, especially for preparing documentation. Therefore, the Thai government should take proper policy initiatives to remove all the problems and barriers in implementing FSC standards for the sustainable rubber production in the country.

The objective of this study is to analyze the consumer perception of reusable wreath and present the considerations for introducing the labeling system, and to calculate the social benefits and costs of that. For this, We did an internet survey on the perceptions and willingness-to-pay for reuse wreath to 330 adults. As a result, only 56.1 percent of those who ordered wreath were found to check whether they actually arrived. 73.6% of the respondents had the willingness-to-purchase a reusable wreath if the price was reasonable, and 43.6% were in favor of labeling reused wreath as 'reused wreath'. The social benefits of introducing the reusable currency marking system are about 155,692 million won and the social cost about 43.52 million won. If reusable wreath are not recognized and purchased at the price of new one, economic and emotional losses of domestic horticulture farmers and consumers may occur. Therefore, related agencies will be able to expand sales of domestic flower producers and protect the economic and emotional benefits of consumers if they make efforts to establish and operate a reusable wreath labeling system.

This paper estimates the optimum level of reserves in Vietnam based on the approach of reserves’ cost-benefit and sovereign risk which is one of developing countries’ characteristics. The cost of reserves is the opportunity cost when holding reserves. The benefit of reserves is the loss due to country’s default in case that there is no reserves to finance external debt payment. The optimum reserves is found out by minimizing the total of opportunity cost and loss due to country’s default with the probability of default. Through the usage of HP Filter method for calculating the loss due to country’s default, ARDL regression for the risk premium model and lending rate of VND as proxy for opportunity cost together with the Vietnamese economic data in the period of 2005 – 2017, the empirical results show that the optimum reserves in Vietnam is almost higher than the actual reserves during the research period except the point of Q3/2008 and the last point of research period - Q4/2017. Therefore, Vietnam should continue to increase reserves for safety but Vietnam does not need pushing quickly the speed of increasing reserves. In addition, controlling Vietnamese optimum reserves is necessary to help the actual reserves become reasonable.

The study aims to analyze the influence of egoistic, altruistic and biospheric value on green functional benefit, green monetary cost, green satisfaction and green loyalty. The study analyzes the effect of green functional benefit and green monetary cost on green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green satisfaction on green loyalty. The study employs quantitative methods with customers who have green brand purchase experience in Indonesia. Non-probability sampling was conducted using purposive sampling method based on predetermined criteria, which are customers who have already purchase and use green brand products. A total of 402 samples were analyzed using Structural Equation Modelling. The result shows that the data support hypotheses on egoistic and biospheric value, hypotheses on green functional benefit effect to green satisfaction and green loyalty, as well as green monetary cost effect to green loyalty. The other hypotheses are not supported by data. As a conclusion, it is egoistic and biospheric value that has positive effect on green loyalty, while green functional benefit and green monetary cost act as mediation between the value orientation and green loyalty. As managerial implication, green brand marketing strategy should incorporate egoistic and biospheric values in messages in advertising and promotion.

The purpose of this study is to measure the cost-benefit of a road construction project in Vietnam through international development cooperation, which includes private grants and Official Development Assistance(ODA). In developing countries, it is difficult and costly to use data on markets, the CVM(Contingent Valuation Method) to measure the WTP(Willingness-to-Pay) as the benefits of road construction are used. A total of 232 villagers in 16 villages of Lao Cai Province in Northern Vietnam have been surveyed. It is found that the Benefit-Cost Ratio(B/C) in all 3 models are found to be well over 1.0, ranging from 2.8 to 3.64 with the discount rate of 0.06. These BC ratios imply the road construction project in Lao Cai can be justified. Also, it is found that the shortened travel time is the most relevant factor for WTP among direct benefits and the enhanced academic achievement of the children is the most relevant factor among indirect benefits, due to easier and faster access to schools, which in turn increase the school attendance rate. The result of this study can be used to justify other similar projects in Vietnam, even though the benefits may have to be reassessed in other countries.

The Nakdong River being used as drinking water sources for the Busan metropolitan city has the vulnerability of water management due to the fact that industrial areas are located in the upper Nakdong River. This study used emergy analysis method to evaluate ecological-economics of water treatment systems of D water treatment plant (WTP) where located in the downstream of the Nakdong River. The emergy methodology is a system evaluation tool that uses energy as the common currency to compare different resources on a common basis. Emergy yield ratio (EYR) and emergy sustainability index (EmSI) of D WTP were 1.16 and 0.18, respectively. It means not resources and sustainable system but consumer goods and not sustainable system. Ratio of emergy benefit to the purchaser (EBP) shows 2.7 times higher than economic costs. To change the weak water source and situations we need to diversity water intake.

댐이 건설된 이후 댐직하류 하천구간은 하천구역내 사유지 경작과 하상주차장 등의 입지, 사주가 발달하여 하폭감소에 의한 문제가 발생하였다. 특히 하천정비의 미흡으로 홍수시 하천통수능력이 감소하여 유역전반에 영향을 미치고 있다. 댐 운영조건도 일부 제약을 받고 있는데 이의 해소를 통한 댐 기능의 회복과 운영의 효율성 제고가 하천의 치수 안정성 확보와 함께 개선대책이 필요하였다. 따라서 댐 운영관리개선과 연계된 댐직하류 하천정비사업이 시행되고 있는데 사업의

본 연구의 목적은 댐방류에 의한 하류하천의 수질개선효과를 대체댐이 아닌 하수처리시설을 대체시설의 비용으로 적용하여 국내 실정에 맞게 편익으로 산정하는 방법론을 제시하는 것이다. 이를 위해 댐을 대체하는 시설은 댐의 방류수와 동일한 기능을 제공해야 하고, 두 시설간의 비용을 객관적으로 비교할 수 있어야 한다. 본 논문은 대체비용법을 이용하여 수질개선편익을 산정하기 위해 대체시설(하수처리장)의 비용 산정방법, 비용 편익분석 관련 기준인 내용연수와 대수선비율

The aim of this paper is to evaluate users' benefit values of theme park using Travel Cost Method with special reference to Woobang Tower Land in Taegu for the estimation of economic values. This research is mainly based on questionnaire survey of 100 users of the theme park. Socio-economic factors such as income, year of education, annual income, age and money(travel cost) are analysed from 5 residential areas of the respondents. Multiple regression analysis was used for the evaluation of annual number of park visitings based on the analysis. The regression model shows NV = α + β1TC + β2INC + β3EDU + β4AGE (NV : Annual Number of Visitings, TC : Travel Cost, INC : Annual Income, EDU : Years of Education, AGE : Age). Regarding to visitors demand curve based on the equation showed that annual economic values of Woobang Tower Land was estimated as 50billion Korean Won.

이 연구는 연안 VTS의 타당성을 검토하기 위한 비용편익분석모델을 제안한다. 특히 모델의 가장 중요한 요소인 비용과 편익의 항목 및 정량화 방법을 세분한다. 제안한 모델은 연안 VTS를 포함한 대형 해상교통안전시설의 타당성을 분석하고, 그 우선순위를 결정에 활용될 수 있을 것이다.