Background : This study was conducted to select a optimal combination of LED light sources for stable production of sprout ginseng used as vegetables throughout the year. Methods and Results : The treatments to select the optimum LED light source for the production of functional sprout ginseng were ①Blue40%: Green40%: Red40% (B40 + G12 + R20 umol·m-2S-1), ②B50: G25: R10 (B50 + G8 + R5 umol·m-2S-1), ③B50: G20: R40 (B50 + G6 + R20 umol·m-2S-1), ④B35: G20: R35 (B35 + G6 + R18 umol·m-2S-1), ⑤B20: G0: R40 (B20 + R20 umol·m-2S-1), ⑥control (a general fluorescent lamp for plant cultivation, FL40W, PG, 35.0 umol). The ginseng seedlings used in the test were subject to preconditioning process for one week after the cold treatment at 4℃ for at least three months. The root media were composed of porous artificial soil 40% + peat moss 30% + perlite 20% + Vomito (brand name)10%. We planted 35 seedlings (planting density 5 × 7 ㎝) in a 480 × 380 × 295 ㎜ plastic box. The two liters of water were irrigated per a plastic box when water potential reached -33 kPa using a tensimeter. The cultivation room was maintained at 25℃ with 45% of the relative humidity, and 16 hours of lighting for growing conditions. The growing period was 40 to 60 days after planting. The results were as follows; the treatment of LED B50%: G25%: R10% (B50 + G8 + R5 umol·m-2S-1) increased the diameter of the sprout ginseng by 10.3% (4.95 → 5.46 ㎜), root weight 27.3% (1.1 → 1.4 g), fresh weight 38.9% (1.8 → 2.5 g) in comparison with the control. The contents of ginsenoside such as Re, Rg2, Rc, Rb2, and Rd increased 24.2% (24.8 → 30.8 ㎎/g). Conclusion : The optimal light source for sprout ginseng was LED B50%: G25%: R10% (B50 + G8 + R5 umol·m-2S-1), which increased sprout production by 38.9% in comparison with the control.

Background : Pachyrhizus erosus (Leguminosae), locally called as “Yam bean” is a traditional medical plant that grows in the tropical and subtropical region. The root of P. erosus is used by the local people to treat insomania, treatment of osteoporosis and extracts of this plant have shown antioxidant activity, immunomodulatory activity, tyrosinase inhibitionby, antitumour properties and cardiovascular benefit. Methods and Results : Free radical scavenging activity was evaluated using α-tocopherol and butylated hydroxy toluene (BHT) as standard antioxidants. The radical scavenging activity was measured using the stable radical 1,1-diphenyl–2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ABTS assay. Total phenolic content was determined by following Folin-Ciocalteau colorimetric method and Total flavonoids were determined using aluminium chloride calorimetric methods. Phenolic compound concentration and compositions were determined by HPLC-MS/MS system. Seedlings grown under the flourescent light (Fl) exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity when compared to the plants treated with light emitting diodes (LEDs) and light emitting plasma (LEP). LED-Blue showed the higher DPPH radical scavenging activity and ABTS concentration of PE compared to other LEDs. The accumulation of phenolic compounds increased under different white-LEDs conditions as compared to LEP and FL light conditions. Conclusion : In this study, antioxidant activity and phenolic compound composition of P. erosus was improved by the application of LED and LEP.

페페로미아, 싱고니움, 파키라, 유성크로톤 등 4종의 실내식물에 대한 적합한 광원 및 적정광도에 관한 형태적 요소 및 식물체내의 반응을 실험한 결과는 다음과 같았다. 첫째, 페페로미아의 경우 자연광, 형광등 모두 500lux이상에서 생육과 생장이 가능한 것으로 나타났고 형광등보다 자연광 하에서 더 원할한 생육 및 생장상태를 보였다. 또한 동일광원일 경우 광도가 높을수록 생장율이 높게 나타났으나 형광등의 경우 500lux보다 1,000lux～2,000lux에서 엽수의 출현은 더 많았지만 엽색의 황변화가 많아 오히려 광도가 높을수록 관상가치가 저하됨을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 유입되는 자연광의 광도가 500lux이하인 실내조경공간에 페페로미아를 식재할 경우 원할한 생장을 위하여 보조광원으로써 인공광 설치가 요구되지만 형광등을 도입할 경우 광도를 500lux이상 높이는 것은 오히려 비효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 둘째, 싱고니움도 자연광 500lux이상에서 원할한 생장을 보이지만 자연광 100lux에서도 생육은 어느정도 가능하여 공시식물 중 저광도에 적응력이 우세함을 알 수 있었다. 형광등 설치시 생장율은 높게 나타나지만 전체적인 형태가 흐트러져 페페로미아와 마찬가지로 형광등 도입시 관상가치 및 관리비용을 고려해 볼 때 500lux이하에서 보조광원으로써 활용하는 것이 효율적임을 알 수 있었다. 셋째, 파키라의 경우 자연광에 있어서 1,000lux에서도 원할한 생장을 보이지 않아지만 형광등 하에서 100lux에서도 생육이 가능하고 500lux이상에서 원할한 생장을 보여 다른 공시식물보다 보조광원으로써 형광등 설치요구도가 매우 높음을 알 수 있었다. 또한 형광등 2,000lux에서 가장 원할한 생장을 보여 광도가 높을수록 생육 및 생장이 좋음을 파악할 수 있었다. 넷째, 유성크로톤의 경우, 형태적 특성과 식물체내의 변화량을 볼 때 형광등이 자연광보다 적합한 광원임을 알 수 있었고 적정광도 범위는 자연광과 형광등 간의 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었는데, 자연광 하에서는 1,000lux～2,000lux, 형광등 하에서는 500lux～2,000lux로 파악되었고 최적광도는 형광등 2,000lux 임을 알 수 있었다. 이상 공시식물에 있어 광원별로 살펴볼 때, 페페로미아와 싱고니움은 외관상 관상가치나 식물체내의 활성에 있어서 자연광에서 양호한 생육상태를 보인 반면 파키라와 유성크로톤은 형광등 하에서 좋은 생육상태를 보여 식물에 따라 적합한 광원이 다름을 알 수 있었다. 또한, 전반적으로 동일광원일 경우 광도가 높을수록 생장율이 높고 생육상태가 좋은 것으로 나타났으나 공시식물에 따라 적정광도범위 및 최적광도는 차이가 있음을 알 수 있었다. 따라서 실내조경공간으로의 인공광 설치시 식물에 따른 생육적 특성을 고려하여 광환경을 조성해 주는 것이 바람직함을 확인할 수 있었다.본 연구는 실험여건상 현재 실내조경공간에 가장 많이 도입되고 있는 실내식물을 한정적으로 도입하여 형광등과 광도에 대한 영향을 살펴보았다. 향후 보다 많은 실내식물에 대한 광환경에 대한 활발한 연구가 이루어져야할 것으로 판단된다.

The major free sugars of buckwheat plants were fructose, glucose, and maltose but their contents and compositions were influenced by the different wavelength of light. Free sugar contents of Clfa 39 (Fagopyrum tataricum) were higher than those of Yangjul-maemil (Fagopyrum esculentum) regardless of the light sources. As treated with red and blue light, the free sugar contents in the leaves of buckwheat plants were slightly increased, but their contents in the stems and flowers were lower than those of natural light condition. Under the natural light condition, maltose was detected in every tissues of buckwheat plants, but as treated with blue and red light, it was not detected in the flowers of buckwheat plants. Citric, malic and acetic acid were detected as major organic acids in buckwheat plants. Red and blue lights decreased the total organic acid contents in buckwheat plants as compared with natural light condition. It was considered that blue light are less active than red light for the accumulation of organic acids. Tataric acid was detected only in the leaves of buckwheat plants, however, as treated with red and blue light, it was not detected in the leaves of Clfa 39. Flowers of Yangjul-maemil contained a considerable amount of rutin and quercitrin. Only small amount of quercitrin was detected in leaves, but it was not detected in stems. On the other hand, Clfa 39 leaves contained a considerable amount of rutin, quercetin and small amount of quercitrin, but quercitrin and quercetin were detected only in the stems of Clfa 39. Red and blue lights significantly decreased the contents of rutin, quercitrin, and quercetin in buckwheat plants as comparing with natural light condition. Rutin content in the flowers of Clfa 39 was increased under the red and blue light conditions.