The purpose of this study was to suggest feasible disposal methods for heavy-metal-contaminated soil or mine tailings through solidification/stabilization. To improve the compressive strength and enhance the heavy-metal stabilization after solidification/stabilization, we used the industrial wastes (oyster shell powder and waste gypsum) and indigenous bacteria as immobilization agents. Three indigenous bacteria were isolated from each heavy-metal-contaminated soil or mine tailing site, and the bacteria were identified by cellular fatty acid composition analysis. The results of cellular fatty acid composition analysis showed that the closest strains of these bacteria are Brevibacillus centrosporus, Lysinibacillus sphaericus, and Bacillus megaterium. To the best of our knowledge, this research was the first report of biomineralization by Brevibacillus centrosporus. As a result of mixing additives with the optimum mixing ratio suggested in this study, the compressive strengths of specimens were satisfied in accordance with the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) waste treatment standard after 28 days of aging. Additionally, the results of the Toxicity Characteristics Leaching Procedure (TCLP) and Synthetic Precipitation Leaching Procedure (SPLP) analysis showed the successful immobilization of heavy metals after 28 days of specimen formation for solidification/stabilization.

This study was performed to develop the efficient phytoremediation model in the paddy soil contaminated with heavy metals by cultivating Pteris multifida and Artemisia princeps with different mixing ratios (1:0, 8:1, 6:1, 4:1). As a result of investigating the heavy metal accumulation of each plant per dried material (1 ㎏), content of arsenic and cadmium was the highest in aerial part of P. multifida (169.82, 1.70 ㎎·㎏-1 DW, each) among the treated group. Lead content was the highest (12.58 ㎎·㎏-1 DW) in the aerial part of P. multifida cultivated with 8:1 mixed planting. But the content of copper and zinc was the highest (33.94, 61.78 ㎎·㎏-1 DW, each) in the aerial part of A. princeps with 8:1 treatment. Regardless of heavy metals, plant uptake from the 1 ㎡ soil was the highest in 4:1 mixed planting group, which showed the best yield of A. princeps.

This study was performed to identify the effect of mixed bed soil on growth of aerial parts and root zone of daughter plants for nursery field strawberry seedling raising with expanded chaff. The plant height and leaf area of daughter plants were highest or largest in the mixed soil of ERH +RH (100:0, v/v), followed by ERH+RH (75:25). The higher the mixing ratio of RH, the shorter the plant height or the smaller the leaf area. A similar tendency was observed in fresh weight. Within a root diameter of 0-0.4 mm and a root height range of 0.4-0.8 mm, root surface area and volume were statistically significantly better with treatment of ERH+RH (100:0, v/v) compared to those of roots treated with ERH+RH (75:25), ERH+RH (50:50) and ERH+RH (25:75). The growth rate of aerial parts and root zone of daughter plants were noticeably lower in two mixing ratios of 50:50 and 25:75. According to the mixing ratios of ERH+CD surface treatment, the number of roots was greatest in plants treated with ERH+CD (80:20, v/v) and ERH+CD (85:15) on August 1. However, the number of roots was highest in plants treated with ERH+CD (85:15, v/v) on August 15. Root length was longest in the plant with no treatment, and drastically shortened from ERH+CD (90:10, v/v) in both surface and mixed treatment. Although root weight showed a significant difference in ERH+CD (90:10, v/v) treatment, its increase was gradual. The rate of root growth was highest in ERH+CD (85:15). These study findings suggest that the content ratios of mixed soil ERH+RH (75:25, v/v) or below and ERH+CD (85:15) are thought to be desirable for the production of high quality seedlings.

This study was conducted to find out the optimum composition of nursery soil for raising seedling of ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Meyer). Total 9 kinds of raw materials were used such as peat-moss, perlite, leaf mould, rice bran, gull's guano, castor-oil plant bark, palm bark, cow manure and chicken manure for optimum composition of nursery soil in ginseng. Occurrence of damping-off in ginseng was lowered about 50% in nursery soil type 1, 2 and 4 than in other types nursery soil in June, and occurrence rate of rusty root also lowest in nursery soil type 1. As the salinity of nursery soil increased, so did the occurrence of physiological disorder in ginseng seedling. The cause of salinity increasing in nursery soil has closely relation to NO3-N, P2O5 and Na+ content. Plant height, root length, diameter and weight were longer and heavier in nursery soil type 1 (mixing ratio of peat-moss, perlite and leaf mould was 50 : 20 : 30 based in volume) than in other types of nursery soil. So nursery soil type 1 was selected for raising seedling of ginseng. pH and electric conductivity (EC) of selected nursery soil type 1 was 5.55 and 0.13 dS/m. Contents of NO3-N and P2O5 were 21.0 and 40.0 mg/L, and K+ 0.36, Ca2+ 3.38, Mg2+ 2.01 and Na+ 0.09cmol+/L, respectively.

본 연구는 SWAT 모형을 이용하여 설마천 혼효림 유역(8.54 km²)을 대상으로 RCP(AR5) 기후변화 시나리오에 따른 수문순환 영향을 평가하였다. 모형의 불확실성을 효과적으로 줄이기 위해 설마천 유역의 2007년부터 실측된 유량, 증발산량 및 토양수분을 이용하여 모형의 보정(2007～2008) 및 검증(2009～2010)을 수행하였다. 모형의 보정 및 검증 결과 유출량의 R²가 0.74∼0.91로 분석되었고, 증발산량은 0.56∼0.71, 토양수분은 0.45∼0.71로 분석되어 토양수분으로부터 증발산이 발생하고 이로 인해 유출까지 영향을 미치는 물수지 현상을 잘 재현하고 있음을 알 수 있었다. 미래 기후자료로 AR5 RCP 4.5, 8.5 시나리오에 대한 모의결과 값을 이용하였고, 사용된 모델은 한반도 전망자료를 지역기후모델을 이용하여 역학적 상세화하여 기상청에서 제공하는 HadGEM3-RA 모형이며 오차 보정하여 사용하였다. 기후변화 시나리오 분석 결과 두가지 시나리오 모두 미래 기온은 0.9∼4.2℃ 상승하고, 강수량은 7.9∼20.4% 증가하였다. 또한 미래 유출량은 0.6∼15.7% 증가한 반면에 유출률은 3.8∼5.4% 감소하였고, 증발산비는 4.1∼6.8% 증가, 토양수분은 4.3∼5.5% 감소하였다.

본 연구에서는 정수처리 과정에서 발생하는 정수슬러지를 재활용하기 위하여 우리나라 대표지질인 화강풍화토와 다양한 비율로 혼합하여 다양한 실내시험을 통한 친환경 지반을 개발하고자 하였다. 또한 해양오염 및 해양사고의 원인인 폐어망을 지반보강재로 활용하고자 그 보강효과를 알아보았다. 다짐시험, 삼축압축시험, 투수시험 및 용출시험과 같은 다양한 실내시험이 수행되었다. 시험 결과 정수슬러지의 함량은 혼합토의 단위중량, 최적함수비, 전단강도정수, 투수계수 및 중금속 용출 특성에 중요한 영향을 미치는 인자로 평가되었다. 또한 폐어망의 보강으로 인해 혼합토의 점착력 및 내부마찰각은 증가하는 것으로 나타났다.

혼합유기질비료는 대두박, 채금박, 어분, 철분, 골분 및 황토를 원료로 광합성 미생물 SA16 균주를 접종하여 pellet 상태로 제조하여 사용하였다. 1. 혼합 유기질비료 시용이 시설상추의 생육 및 토양의 생물학적 변화에 미치는 영향 화학비료 3요소와 성분량이 동량인 혼합유기빌비료 90 kg/10a 처리구는 대조구보다 주당 엽수는 2장 정도 많았고 뿌리길이도 2cm 정도 길었으며 생체중은 51% 증수되었다. 혼합유기질비료 시용량별 수확량은 45>90>135 kg/10a 순으로 많았고 처리간에 유의성이 인정되었으며 최대 수확량을 얻을 수 있는 시용량은 73kg/10a로 나타났다. 상추수확량에 대한 소득 분석결과 혼합유기질비료 90 kg/10a 처리구에서 소득이 37% 증가되었고 최대 수량을 얻을 수 있는 혼합유기질비료를 73 kg/10a를 시용하면 소득이 41%증가될 것으로 생각된다.수확 후 토양 용적밀도는 혼합유기질 비료 90 kg/10a 처리구가 1.09 g/㎤로 가장 낮았으며 혼합유기질 비료 45 kg 처리구의 용적밀도가 1.19 g/㎤로 가장 높았다. 공극율은 혼합유기질 비료 45 kg 처리구가 58.8%로 가장 좋은 것으로 나타났으며 혼합유기질 비료 45 kg 처리구가 55.0%로 가장 낮았다. 토양 염류농도는 혼합유기질 비료 45 kg/10a을 제외하면 시험전 EC 농도 1.35 dS/m에 비해 모든 처리구에서 높아졌다. 특기할 사항은 토양의 NH4-N 함량으로 화학비료를 시용한 대조구에서 43 mg/kg으로 가장 높게 나타났으며 혼합유기질 비료 시용구간에는 10 mg/kg 내외로 차이가 없었다. 혼합유기질 비료 처리에 따른 토양중 호기성세균의 분포는 혼합유기질 비료 90 및 135 kg/10a 처리구가 12.4, 및 12.8×106 CFU/g로 가장 높았으며, 생육기보다 수확기의 호기성세균의 분포가 전체적으로 낮게 나타났다. 곰팡이수의 분포는 생육기에 혼합유기질 비료 90 kg/10a 처리구가 0.74×104 CFU/g로 가장 낮은 분포를 보였으며, 수확기의 곰팡이 수는 모든 처리구에서 고른 분포를 보였다. 2. 혼합유기질 시용이 얼갈이 배추 생육 및 토양의 생물학적 변화에 미치는 영향 얼갈이 배추의 포장 시험재배에서 엽수, 엽폭, 지하부 생체중, 지상부 건물중, 그리고 지하부 건물중 등은 혼합유기질 비료 시용구가 대조구인 퇴비구와 화학비료구보다 생장량이 양호하여 수량은 퇴비구에 비해 7.6%, 화학비료구에 비해 181% 증가하였다. 혼합유기질 비료 처리에서 통계적으로 F-test에서 유의한 형질은 지상부 생체중과 지상부 건물중이었고, LSD 0.05에서는 엽폭이 유의한 차를 보였다. 광합성 미생물 Rhodobacter azotoformans의 개체수는 105개로 표시되어 있었으나 수확 후 토양 중 개체수는 1.93×104 CFU/g으로 나타나 세균의 토양 토착능력이 우수한 것으로 나타났다.

Experiments were conducted to find out the optimum level of slow release N fertilizers when total amounts of nitrogen required throughout the growing season in paddy were applied in the soil of seedling box. To evaluate the emergence rate and growth of rice seedlings, five levels of Meister (MS) 10, MS S10, and latex coated urea (LCU) which are equivalent to 0, 40, 60, 80, and 100kg N h a-l were mixed in soil of the seedling box. Emergence rate differed depending on the fertilizers and N levels; in MS 10 plots the emergence rate was 40.8% at 40kg N h a-l and no seedlings were emerged at the higher levels, in MS S10 plots higher than 80% at all the N levels, and decreased with the N levels from 70.0% at 40 kg N h a-l to 59.5% at 100kg N h a-l of LCU. Seedling started to wilt at 40 kg N h a-l of MS 10 and 80 and 100 kg N h a-l N of LCU on the 8th day after sowing, while seedling growth was normal at all the levels of MS S10. Field performance of rice was evaluated at the 0, 30, 60, 90, 120kg N h a-l of MS S10 applied in the soil of seedling box and N was not applied in paddy. Grain yield at 90 and 120kg N h a-l of MS S10 was similar to conventional urea split application (120 kg N h a-l ), but significantly higher compared to 30 and 60kg N h a-l of MS S10. Fertilizer N recovery decreased with N levels and the N recovery at 90 kg N h a-l of MS S10 and conventional urea split application were 62.2 % and 44.2%, respectively, with similar grain yield. The optimum level of MS S10 to be applied in seedling box seems to be about 90 kg N h a-l considering grain yield, price of fertilizer, labor applying fertilizer, and fertilizer N recovery.d fertilizer N recovery