The purpose of this article is to suggest John Wesley’s attempt to church renewal in the 18th century England through exploring his ecclesiology. This article deals with patterns of church renewal as it uses Wesley’s ecclesiology and Howard Snyder’s mediated model of church renewal, and attempts to rediscover of the essence of the church, and finds out clues of renewal and transformation of the Korean church along with the lessons given to the Korean church today. John Wesley constructed a very creative ecclesiology which was integrated various insights given by innovative renewal movements in the early church and the church history along with the understanding of the traditional church. Therefore John Wesley's understanding of the church can be understood through his renewal movement. Also his ecclesiology emphasizes the community for renewal of the church. In fact, Wesley's original intention was to form a organic community, that is, “ecclesiola in ecclesia.” In order to achieve his church renewal ministry Wesley suggested a integrated(holistic) renewal model that would keep the balance between institution and movement. Some characteristics of a renewed church is a living organism not just a institution or organization. The renewed church is charismatic community. Church renewal movement can not be separable with the kingdom of God. In this sense, Howard A. Snyder suggests five dimensions of John Wesley’s church renewal movement. First, it is individual renewal as it takes place in believer's personal repentance and conversion. It is spiritual renewal. But it is not just spiritual but communal. Unless there is no true community, individual renewal cannot be taken place. Second, communal renewal means a shared faith in a community as it happened when the church experiences God's transforming work. Third, conceptual renewal(or theological renewal) means a paradigm shift in theology. In this aspect, every great renewal movements are closely related to conceptual renewal. Fourth, structural renewal is to change forms and structures of which the church uses. Thus, the church must be changed in cultural contexts. Institutionalized and rigid structures of the church can often hinder the work of the Holy Spirit. Even though structural change is not the starting point of renewal, it can keep the renewal movement continue. Fifth, missional renewal of the church is about passion of proclaiming the gospel as the essential call of the church. Missional renewal can be accomplished when the church rediscover the essence of mission. This is not for the church itself but for the kingdom of God. The church that is internally renewed must have missional renewal. In this sense, the Korean church can learn from John Wesley’s renewal movement which attempted to renew the church by forming the authentic community connected with the kingdom of God.

In the 1930s, new theologians who studied abroad, due to Japan’s cultural policy of the 1920s, wanted to recognize the Bible and theology of their own subjective opinion, and get out of the fundamental conversation of theology of the early Western missionaries. It caused a debate between Conservative and Progressive theology in the early churches in Korea. Through the “Hypothesis of Moses Copyright negation” and “Problem of the Interpretation of Women’s Rights”, which were condemned issues by Presbyterians in 1934, and also the “Abingdon Bible Commentary Incident in 1935”; early Korean church leaders, pastors, and even missionaries, who were educated by Conservative western missionaries, judged the change of the new theologians’ view. Pastor Sun Joo Kil, a leader of the “Pyong Yang Revival Movement” which was initiated by Missionary Hady in 1907, held his Bible crusades, and his successful spiritual revival movement kept until 1910. After him, Pastor Ik Doo Kim started the Healing Crusade, as a new step of the spiritual revival movement in 1920. There was also another man who wanted to revive the Korean church, based on the contemporary churches. He tried to reform the churches, not to be conservative but to be focused on spiritual approaches. His name was pastor Yong Do Lee. Unfortunately, Pastor Yong Do Lee’s Shimuyan, works were only recorded for five years from 1928 to 1933. He died when he was only 33. In spite of his short life, the Korean Churches were influenced greatly and changed by him. He was also thought as an enthusiastic and mystic theologian, and also even a preacher who had the element of heresy. The main theme of this thesis focuses on the renewal missions of today's Korean Churches based on Pastor Yong Do Lee’s works for renovating them. This research guides and provides the material to find out a certain way to build up the revival of the Korean Churches’ growth and advance.

Mission starts with the love of God for the world. God’s love extends toward wholistic dimensions, through the entire world and the universe itself. The church that puts such love of God into action must also embrace the world in its mission as God does. Our own mission is only a small part of God’s complete design. But just as each pieces of a puzzle gather to complete a picture, as we remain faithful to the calling of our generation, our small acts of commitment and service will undertake a precious part of the expansion of the Kingdom of God. Today’s mission context differs from that of the 19th century. Churches today have been built all over the world. In this context, there is as pecific calling for this generation of the Korean church. The church must find it sessencein the ecclesiology of mission-of being sent into the world. That is how al lchurches are to be “the Church that embraces the world.” In addition, today’s mission calls for churches around the world to work in concert with one another. The Korean church is to learn from the traditions and experiences of the western church that has handed us the baton, while at the same time, we ought to be able to humbly share our given resources with other churches. The most appropriate mission for today’s world, and the greatest need of the Korean church, is the spirit of cooperation, and togetherness in mission activity. The driving force of mission comes from our trust in God. This power is actualized as we confess our own weaknesses. We find the future direction for the Korean church from the words of a missionary who said, “There is no mission stronger than confession.” Mission is the essence of the church. This means that mission is not merely one of the many duties that churches must undertake, but that everything that the church does must be done from the missiological point of view. If a church does not work with a missiological perspective in all areas, however much work it may do, it will only serve to benefit that one church itself. In the end, the church becomes a self-centered organization pursuing its own betterment. So mission is what makes the church worthy of its name by pushing it beyond its boundaries and leading it out into the world. In this process, mission helps in the formation of a healthy church, and a healthy church carries out true mission. Therefore a healthy church and appropriate mission activity are in a mutually complementary relationship. This work seeks to assert the necessity of continued inner renewal of the church to carry out appropriate mission activity by reflecting on the relationship between the Korean church and mission. Examining the work of mission is not meant to be a criticism leveled against mission itself or the church that carries it out, but rather stems from the passion to point the church and mission to the right direction through diagnosis and analysis of the present situation. Just as a doctor conducts a physical examination to diagnose a disease and understand its cause in order to treat the patient, so also may the church and its mission, in hope, also look toward a healthier state being through a continued and long-term diagnosis and assessment.

The church & beyond movement could be a good term for church renewal. The church & beyond movement revitalizates the kingdom of God by overcoming the boundaries of each church. The local-church-centrality (decentralization of denominational power by a self-governing-local-church) has been an engine for the revitalization of the kingdom of God for over a generation now in the Korean church. When, however, it is changed into the egocentricity of the church (extreme selfishness of each local church), it has been a stumbling block to revitalization of the kingdom of God. The author suggests the church & beyond movement as an antidote of the egocentricity of the church. Chonja (seeds) is a North Korean term for a poetical imagination or a musical motif. As an effort of developing missiology in a unified Korean context, the author uses ‘seeds’ of church renewal studies instead of ‘inspirations’ of church renewal studies as a part of the title. In chapter 2, the author deals with seeds of church renewal studies using economic terms. The author points out the danger of M&A of the church by using economic terms such as reverse-synergy, multiprocessing, and the monopoly of trade. In chapter 3, the author handles seeds of church renewal studies harvested in a soccer field. Field-vision and teamwork is essential for church renewal as well as for soccer. The author introduces Howard A. Snyder’s 8 marks of a mediating model of renewal, which is a combination of elements of both the institutional and the charismatic model of renewal: 1) The renewal movement exists as an ecclesiola. 2) The renewing movement uses some form of small group structure. 3) The renewal movement has some structural link with the institutional church. 4) The renewal structure is committed to the unity, vitality, and wholeness of the larger church. 5) The renewal structure is mission-oriented. 6) The renewal movement is especially conscious of being a distinct, covenant-based community. 7) The renewal movement provides the context for the rise, training, and exercise of new forms of ministry and leadership. 8) The renewal structure maintains an emphasis on the Spirit and the Word as the basis of authority. The author uses theological methodology of storytelling. The author concludes this article with a high hope that the church & beyond movement would work as disinfected seeds for the Korean church which is diseased with an egocentricity of the church.

Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) derived from the inner cell mass of blastocysts have the ability to renew themselves and to differentiate into cell types of all lineage. The present study was carried out to investigate whether the Wnt signaling pathway is related to maintaining self-renewal of hESCs. Glycogen Synthase Kinase 3 (GSK-3) inhibitor, BIO ((2''Z,3''E)-6-Bromoindirubin-3''-oxime) was treated to Miz-hES1 line for activation of Wnt signaling pathway. BIO-nontreated hESCs (control) and BID-treated hESCs were cultured for 5 days in the modified feeder-free system. During the culture of hESCs, differences were observed in the colony morphology between 2 groups. Controls were spread outwards whereas BIO-nontreated hESCs were clumped in the center and the differentiated cells were spreading outwards in the edges. The results of stem cell specific marker staining indicated that control were differentiated in large part whereas BIO-treated hESCs maintain self-renewal in the center of the colony. The results of lineage marker staining suggested that outer cells of the hESC colony were differentiated to the neuronal progenitor cells in both control and BIO-treated hESC. These results indicate that Wnt signaling is related to self-renewal in hESCs. In addition, control group showed higher composition of apoptotic cells (23.76%) than the BID-treated group (5.59%). These results indicate that BIO is effective on antapoptosis of hESCs.

A proper performance evaluation of ATM (Asynchronous Transfer Mode) multiplexer is essential for stable management of ATM networks. We model the on/off traffics entering to the ATM switch as a Markov renewal process (MRP) and propose a performance evaluation method of ATM multiplexer by modeling the system as a discrete time MR/D/1/B queueing system, whose input process is the superposed MRP and present a performance analysis by finding CLP(Cell Loss Probability).

마이클 톰프슨은 고물이론(Rubby Theory)에서 [경제적 가치와 직접적인 연관을 가진 사물의 유형은 세 가지 기호학적인 유형으로 설명할 수 있다. 사물은 고물, 일시적 문화가치, 영속적 문화가치로 구분되며 각 범주에서 이동도 가능하며 이때 가치도 변화한다]고 했다. 연구자는 선행연구에서 마이클 톰프슨의 고물이론에 근거해 일시적 또는 영속적 문화적 산물로 분류할 수 있는 기준을 제시하였고 그 기준은 감각, 감성, 인지, 행동, 관계를 분석하는 전략적 체험 모듈에 근거했다. 본 연구는 지역의 활력과 정체성을 회복하고, 새로운 가치 창출을 위해 계획된 공공미술이나 디자인 사례들을 국내외로 나누어 조사를 실시하였으며 그 사례들을 중심으로 지속가능한 영속적 문화가치를 가진 대상인지 아니면 일시적 가치를 가지다가 고물로 치부될 것인지를 검증하고 그 기준을 제안하고자 했다. 공공조형물사례는 셀 수 없이 많으나 지역의 정체성이나 특산물 등 랜드마크로서의 조형물을 대상으로 국내외 각 10 건의 사례들을 조사 분석했으며 다음과 같은 결론을 도출하였다. 국내사례의 경우 지역의 정체성을 살리고 관광객을 유치한다는 목표 아래 2000년대 초반부터 경쟁적으로 만들어진 공공조형물들은 그 규모와 예산이 거대화 되어가고 있으나 예술적 표현이나 조형적 아름다움은 대중의 미적욕구를 따라가지 못하고 있는 실정이다. 또한, 대부분 특산품이 그 대상이며 지역의 역사적 지리 환경적 연관 없는 경우도 많아 지역주민으로부터 공감을 유도하지 못하고 예산 낭비라는 따가운 비판까지 받기도 한다. 국외사례의 경우 우리나라처럼 특산물을 대상으로 천편일률적 기획이 이루지는 것이 아닌, 지역의 역사적 배경이나 적극적이고 통합적인 지역적 특성을 활용하여 지역 활성화를 도모하고 있으며, 뛰어난 예술적 감각과 방식을 적극적으로 이용하고 있다. 공공조형물이 영속적 문화 산물이 되기 위한 조건은 감각의 예술성, 감성의 능동성, 관계의 공공성이 있어야 할 것이다. 대안적 방향성을 좀 더 세부적으로 제시하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 공공조형물은 예술적 가치가 뛰어나야 하며 뛰어난 예술성으로 인해 대중의 미적요구를 만족시키거나 예술적 시각을 끌어올릴 수 있어야 한다. 둘째, 대중이 공공조형물에 능동적이고 적극적으로 다가갈 수 있도록 유도해야 하며, 대중들이 감동을 느낄 수 있어야 하는 동시에 즐거움과 기쁨을 느낄 수 있는 공감대 형성이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 공공조형물이 위치하는 장소와 필연적 연관성이 있거나 대상물이 주변 환경속에 자연스럽게 조화되어야 한다. 본 연구는 2000년대부터 경쟁적으로 생겨난 국내의 공공조형물들이 세대를 거듭할 수 있는 지속가능한 문화가치를 가진 대상인지 검증하고 우수한 사례들과의 비교분석을 통해 객관적인 판단의 기회를 얻고 더욱 발전하는 계기가 될 것으로 판단된다.

According to this research, it was confirmed that safety coefficient is useful tool to rationally quantify structural deterioration of pipe. In addition, it could perform simple and rapid evaluation escaping from confinement by time and budget, and it can be utilized as a tool to set up policy for future water supply.

Sewage Pipe Renewal (SPR) method rehabilitate pipeline by forming a PVC profile inside the pipe by using a winding machine without excavating the soil above the pipe which lowers the cost of the rehabilitation. This study will investigate the effects of varying the pipe’s diameter to its wall thickness ratio. The dimensions for the diameter and minimum wall thickness of the non-reinforced concrete pipe will be based from ASTM C14. The finite element analysis software, ABAQUS, will be used to model and perform the analysis for the composite pipes. To account for the soil-pipe interaction, soil springs will be used as the bedding support to hold the pipe in place. Additionally, three soil types will be used to compare the behavior of the pipe with different diameter to thickness ratios. The results from the finite element analysis will be shown in tables and plotted into graphs and a concluding remarks will be provided.

일본음식은 미국사회에서 하나의 문화코드로 자리 잡고 있다. 일식집은 가격이 비싸지만 색다른 음식을 즐기려는 미국인들의 발길이 끊이지 않고 있다. 해외의 일식 전문점은 일본인이 아닌 외국인이 경영하고 있다는 점에서 주목할 만하며, 해외에서 일식 전문점의 브랜드 이미지를 굳히고, 지속적인 브랜드 포지셔닝을 유지하기 위한 마케팅 전략 수립이 필요하다. 본 연구에서는 브랜드 포지셔닝에 관한 이론적 체계를 수립하여 해외의 일식 전문점 현황을 조사, 분석해보고, 애틀렌타의 일식 레스토랑 전문점인 ‘가니 하우스(KANI HOUSE)’의 브랜드 로고 리뉴얼 사례를 토대로 브랜드 포지셔닝 전략 방안에 밑바탕이 되고자 하였다. 본 연구의 브랜드 로고 리뉴얼 개발 사례는 실제적인 측면에서의 리뉴얼 작업에 대한 제시이며, 현실적인 시장의 흐름 및 트렌드에 반영하는데 의의를 둔다.

The value and functionality of boundary barriers in rural villages have been neglected in the aspects as the buffer zone(boundary barrier) that links between the inside space(housing site) and the outside space(road). On this understanding, this study evaluated conservation value, economical efficiency and durability by the types and materials of the boundary barriers in rural village through Multi-attribute Decision Making. By applying to the current situations of boundary barriers on total 21 case study villages, each factor value was measured. And using Matrix Analysis Technique, the boundary barriers are classified into 4 types and the improvement ways for each type were proposed. As a result, the durability of boundary barriers in rural villages showed similarity value(more than 0.85 out of 1). But economical efficiency of those was low(less than 0.5 out of 1) and those functionalities were very lacking(about 0.3 out of 1). In the conclusion, the maintenance of boundary barriers in rural villages requires the policy that is able to complement conservation value and economical efficiency and is proper to the characteristic of each village. These renewable policies would contribute to the increase of the value of rural amenity as well as creation of economical and social value.

이 연구의 목적은 지자체의 계획수립 정책과 마을주민의 요구를 분석하여 농촌마을 재개발을 위한 지역계획 방향을 제시하는 데 있다. 마을재개발 주요 내용으로는 생활편의성 향상 뿐만 아니라 자연환경, 역사문화와 같은 어메니티 자원과 경관자원 등의 보전과 활용이 포함되어야 한다는 관점을 취하였다. 마을주민에 대한 설문조사와 마을재개발 계획수립 과정 및 결과에 분석을 토대로, 농촌마을재개발 계획의 특징을 파악한 후, 향후 발전을 위한 과제를 다음과 같이 제시하였다. 첫째, 마을재개발시 국토이용계획과 농촌특성을 반영할 수 있도록 토지이용 및 농촌개발 관련법을 보완해야 한다. 둘째, 농촌지역에 주거 및 취락지구를 도입하여 체계적인 마을정비가 이루어질 수 있도록 유도해 나갈 필요가 있다. 셋째, 지역계 획수립 체계를 토지이용계획과 마을재개발 추진에 적합한 형태로 확립, 운영토록 한다. 넷째, 마을개발 부지 확보를 원활하게 할 수 있는 방향으로 농지교환분합 제도를 활성화해 나가도록 한다. 다섯째, 지역계획과 마을재개발이 유기적으로 연계되어 추진될 수 있도록 우선 개발 마을을 선정하고, 마을주민의 요구를 반영한 마을발전계획을 수립하며, 농촌취락지구와 같은 농촌토지 용도지구를 도입, 운영할 필요가 있다. 여섯째, 마을재개발 시범사업의 추진 및 평가를 토대로 체계적인 본 사업을 확대, 시행해 나가는 방안 마련이 필요하다. 일곱째, 농촌지역의 낙후도를 고려한 사업지원 및 추진에 차등화 방안을 마련할 필요가 있다.

The aim of this study is to analyze the improvement of housing renewal project and suggest the conditions of rural housing environment filled with the resident's desire, requirements concerning about characteristics of a rural environment and temporal and social requirements. The project for improvement of rural housing environment has been executed in a few ways: reform of the rural housing environment and the development of territories for settlement of a desolate region. To analyze and assess the accomplishments, we considered codes and process related to the project for improvement of rural housing environment and analyzed present conditions and problems through many reference books and administrative data. According to these results, devices in future business for improvement of rural housing environment are as follows; It should required a rational allocation of working space, living space, cultural activity space suitable for rural area characteristics and changed into uniformed system in various projects governed by different institutions.