Social media was originally based on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0 and is described as “user-generated content” (Kaplan & Haenlein, 2010). Although initially used for communication among internet users for privacy, it has become one of the most powerful online networking tools, and in the last few years has been widely practiced in the real world to enhance relationships between businesses and customers. Virtual tourist communities are not a new concept; they have been used for more than 10 years by tourists to exchange opinions and experiences of certain travel destinations. In tourism, internet based social communities have greatly expanded recently as a result of Web 2.0 technologies’ development. Tourists use the Internet to obtain information on trips, and share experiences related to their trip before, during and after their vacation (Parra-Lopez et al., 2011). Therefore, behaviors such as sharing photos and videos, writing travel experiences in blogs and microblogs, ranking travel destinations and posting opinions on social forums (for example, TripAdvisor) are becoming generalized (Chung & Buhalis, 2008) into what has been called Travel 2.0 (Adam, et al., 2007). The purpose and importance of this study is to explore how tourists perceive the value of social media as practiced in the tourism industry. We also investigate travel agencies’ social media marketing activities, and how tourists’ perceived value of social media affects their intention to use social media for organizing their vacation. Conceptual foundations Perceived value of using social media in tourism Perceived value is treated as a major element in a number of tourism research papers (for example, Parasuraman & Grewal, 2000; Sweeny & Soutar, 2001; Jin et al. 2015). As Parra-Lopez et al. (2011, pp.641) said, “the identification of the types of customer value perceived by travelers using social media for trip planning purposes is very essential, because it can provide significant guidelines on how to design the information sources, the structure and the functionality of social media in order to enhance their web traffic, usage and competiveness”. Realizing the essential role of social media in the tourist industry, and clarifying how to measure the perceived value of using social media is required. Because perceived value is defined as ‘cognitive-affective evaluation’ in this study, we employ both cognitive and affective variables to measure the perceived value of using social mediato organize vacations. This study applies four dimensions – ‘functional’, ‘social’, ‘altruism’ and ‘trust’ from Parra-Lopez et al.’s (2011) study - to measure the value that travelers perceive from using social media to organize their vacations. Because both cognitive and affective value are used to evaluate a product or service during the purchasing process (Bajs, 2015), it seems reasonable to assume that ‘function’, ‘social’, ‘altruism’, and ‘trust’ are regarded as essential when measuring the perceived value of using social media to organize vacations. Such propositions and findings provide valuable insights that enable us to introduce our Hypothesis 1. H1: ‘Functional’, ‘Social’, ‘Altruism’ and ‘Trust’ are the dominant dimensions in the perceived value of using social media in organizing vacations. The inter-relationship of attitudes towards social media marketing activities and the perceived value and intention of using social media to organize vacations Social media is seen as one of the most powerful communication tools, and social media marketing (referred to henceforth as ‘SMM’) is used by business companies to build and maintain relationships with their customers in various fields (Kim & Ko, 2012). In previous studies, such as Kim and Ko (2012) as well as Teo and Tan (2002), it has been claimed that customers’ attitudes towards SMM activities affect brand equity. This conclusion is also supported by Chan and Guillet’s (2011) study, which shows the important role of SMM in the hospitality industry. Nowadays, most travel agencies in Japan have created their social communities aiming to enhance their relationship with customers and promote their travel products. Aker and Topcu (2011) suggest that attitude greatly affects people’s purchase intention and behavior. Moreover, the wide acceptance of SMM also means that a positive attitude towards SMM affects the perceived value of social media. It has been clarified that perceived value is positive when the benefits are greater than the sacrifices (Zeithaml, 1988). As more and more tourists rely on social media to enhance their vacations, this suggests that the perceived benefit of social media is greater than the sacrifice, and therefore its perceived value positively affects the behavior intention of tourists who use social media to organize vacations. This academic background leads us to Hypothesis 2. H2: Both direct effect (i.e. attitude towards SMM activities→Intention) and indirect effect (i.e. attitude towards SMM activities→ Perceived value→Intention) will provide a good explanation of tourists’ intention of using social media to organize vacations. Methodology Proposed conceptual model Based on the theoretical background, this study proposes a conceptual model (see Figure 1) to show the inter-relationship of ‘attitudes towards SMM activities’, ‘perceived value’ and ‘behavior intention’. Figure 1: Conceptual Model Measurement This study involves items which have been used in past research. All items were developed based on the 7-point Likert-type scale ranging from ‘strongly agree’ to ‘strongly disagree’ (see Table 1).Data collection The empirical data for this study was collected by an online survey conducted by one of the biggest research companies in Japan from March 13th to March 16th, 2015. A screening test was conducted to select suitable respondents with experience of using social media to organize their vacation and had accessed or used travel agencies’ social media, such as Facebook, Blog, and Twitter. Finally, due to the limited research budget, 622 valid samples were collected to be used in analysing the conceptual model. Data analysis results As all items presented in this study are cited from past research, we employed second-order confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) directly to explore the dominant dimensions of the perceived value of using social media to organize vacations (H1), and covariance structure analysis to investigate the inter-relationship among attitudes towards SMM activities, perceived value and behavior intention (H2). The results of data analysis are shown below (see Figure 2&3). Conclusions and managerial implications Based on the results reported in the present study, ‘functional’, ‘social’, ‘altruism’ and ‘trust’ are shown as dominant dimensions of perceived value in social media literature, thus supporting hypothesis 1. However, these four dimensions play different roles in perceived value. Compared with other dimensions, ‘altruism’ appears to be more essential. This result can be explained by the usage of social media. Tourists tend to share their experiences, opinions, photos and videos about certain travel destinations in what is called ‘altruism dimensions’. These tourists’ behavior is not for the benefit of others but for self-satisfaction (Baym, 2010) and is believed to be the most important incentive for using social media. Concerning the inter-relationship of attitudes towards SMM, perceived value and the intention of using social media to organize a vacation, contrary to our hypothesis, tourists’ attitudes towards SMM activities conducted by travel agencies do not seem to affect their behavior intention of using social media to organize their vacation (.05). The perceived value of social media seems to play a significant mediating role between attitudes towards SMM and behavior intention. In other words, the indirect influence (.585) through perceived value is greater than the direct influence (.05) of attitudes toward SMM on behavior intention. This result implies that travel agency managers should know how to increase the perceived value of social media, instead of only attempting to enhance SMM activities. Limitations Social media’s commodification in Japan is still a new concept, and for Japanese tourists, the practice of social media in the tourist industry is relatively novel. In other words, social media’s commodification has not been developed enough in Japan. Thus, the results gained from the empirical study should be compared in the countries where social media is more developed.

사회적기업에 있어서 가장 중요한 점은 지속가능성의 문제이다. 자속가능성을 유지하기 위해서는 사회 적기업이 주력하고 있는 사업영역에서 경쟁력을 갖추어야 한다. 그러나 사회적기업의 특성상 사회적기업 의 경쟁력을 갖추기란 쉬운 일은 아니다. 국내의 성공적인 사회적기업들에서 창출하는 일자리와 사회적 취약계층에 대한 사회서비스의 증가는 사회적 변화를 가져오고 있다. 고용창출과 사회서비스를 확대하기 위한 방법 중의 하나가 사회적 프랜차이징이다. 이미 선진국에서 사회적기업이 사회적 프랜차이징을 통하여 취약계층의 고용과 사회서비스의 확산이 가시적인 효과를 보이고 있는 실정이지만, 개발도상국을 대상으로 사회적 프랜차이징을 통해 이 루어지는 사회서비스에 대한 사용자 만족도에 관해 이루어진 소수 실증적 연구를 제외하고는 사회적 프 랜차이징을 통하여 객관적으로 보여줄 수 있는 사회적 가치창출에 대한 효과를 분석한 연구는 거의 찾아 보기 힘든 실정이다. 한국 사회에서 사회적 프랜차이징을 통하여 보다 양적이고 질적인 고용창출과 보다 많은 취약계층에 대한 사회서비스의 확대를 뒷받침할 수 있는 실무적이고 정책적인 관점에서 시사점을 줄 수 있는 사회적 프랜차이징의 사회적 가치창출의 효과에 대한 논리적인 체계화를 시도하고자 하는데 본 연구의 목적을 두었다.

A fashion social platform is a system that leverages the power of social connectivity to enable individuals to interact, accumulate information and create social values in fashion marketing. Fashion social platform participants, through their collective intelligence, give social platforms essential competence to solve economic and social issues, gather social capital, and create customer value. This study highlights the critical value of fashion social platforms and explains the relationships between knowledge sharing, social capital, and sustainable customer value. They examine (1) the effects of social network properties on knowledge sharing in fashion social platforms, (2) the effects of knowledge sharing on social capital, and (3) the effects of social capital on customer value in fashion social platforms. In the context of social platforms, this study clarifies the concept of customer value, the role of knowledge sharing, and the relationships between social capital and customer value. The study constructs a theoretical model regarding fashion social platforms and sustainable customer value that offers possible implications for fashion marketing practitioners.

목 적: 황반변성의 유병률 변화예측과 사회적 지표에 따른 비교를 통해서 황반변성을 일으킬 수 있는 요 인을 알리고자 한다. 방 법: 2012년에 보건복지부 산하 질병관리본부가 시행하여 발표된 국민건강영양조사 자료를 통해 2008 년에서 2012년까지의 자료를 분석하였다. 대상자는 18007명이며 SPSS(Ver12.0)를 사용하였다. 결 과: 지난 5년간 연령별 황반변성의 유병률은 40~49세 1.3%, 50~59세 4.5%, 60~69세 10.1%, 그리 고 70세 이상에서는 16.3%로 나이가 증가함에 따라 유병률이 증가하였다(p=0.00). 남성은 50~59세와 60~69세 연령층에서 5.0%의 가장 큰 유병률 차이를, 여성은 60~69세와 70세 이상의 연령층에서 7.7%의 가장 큰 유병률 차이를 나타내었다. 2012년 지역별 황반변성 유병률은 동 지역 4.2%(n=171)와 읍 지역 6.3%(n=63)(p=0.00), 교육수준별 황반변성 유병률은 초등학교 9.8%(n=113), 중학교 6.0%(n=31), 고등학교 3.0%(n=51), 그리고 대학교 1.8%(n=18)를 각각 나타내었다. 결 론: 60~69세 이후부터는 성별간의 황반변성 유병률 차이가 큰 것으로 나타났다. 이와 함께 안질환과 보건교육에 대한 기초지식이 낮은 저학력층과 농어촌에 거주하는 세대의 황반변성에 대한 적극적인 관리가 필요할 것이다.

This paper is conducted to support Korean game development companies to enter the MSNG market in China. According to preceding researches, the life-cycle of MSNG is under 3 months. Short-term of the MSNG's life-cycle raises the problems of low profits or deficit of companies managed to enter the Chinese market. Therefore, it needs to lead MSNG users to continuos use to extend the life-cycle. The plan to extend the life-cycle is likely to be a critical factor to be survived in Chinese market. The commitment is considered as the factor to make usage of MSNG longer by researchers. This paper also infers that the plan to keep MSNG user's commitment continuos develops their perceived functional value, emotional value and social value, with the reasonal, emotional and psychological point of view. We make a effort to reveal the relationships among factors through 318 data from Chinese MSNG users. Futhermore we would like to suggest that the companies consider continuos usage intention of MSNG users as the critical factor which makes a profit based on the result of this survey and propose the direction of future researches from the limit of this paper.

These days, thanks to lots of smart devices and advanced communication technologies, consumer’s recognition and relations have been changed. They, beyond relying on information and services which are produced by experts, produce information and knowledge by themselves via SNS or web that they want to know. As consumer’s recognition is changing like this, SNS is evolving into social platform. Therefore, this paper is intended to clarify overall relationship between network characteristics in social platform, knowledge sharing, social capital, social innovation and customer’s value. This paper has clarified influences between variables related to consumer’s behaviors in social platform and the results are summarized as following: First, network characteristics in social platform are found to positively affect knowledge sharing efforts of social platform. Second, knowledge sharing has been found to positively affect social capital and innovation in social platform. However, enjoyment in helping others i.e a sub variable is found to positively affect social capital and innovation through anticipated reciprocal relationships. Third, social capital and innovation in social platform have affected customer value in social platform positively. Consequently, this paper is intended to solve various problems found from overall societies and industries through social innovation and also to advance them. For these purposes, social platform is believed to prompt sharing idea and knowledge based on interactions between users and social relationship. These actions become social capitals resulting in social innovation. Moreover, these would create new businesses and marketing opportunities across various areas in the processes that innovative activities form customer values.

한 가정이 바로 서기 위해서는 가정 내 윤리가 바로서야 한다. 이렇듯 한 나라의 복지가 바로서기 위해서는 사회복지에 대한 윤리의식과 교육이 바로 세워져야 한다. 사회복지라는 분야는 클라이언트라고 호칭하는 인간을 다루고 있으며 이러한 인간의 기본 욕구를 충족시키고 그들의 잠재능력과 개성을 최대한 살려 인간다운 삶을 실현시키는 목표를 최대 가치로 두고 있으며, 사회복지기관은 이러한 클라이언트의 삶에 영향을 주기 위해서 전문적이고 직업적인 기술을 제공하도록 사회적으로 위임받은 곳이라고 할 수 있다. 따라서 사회복지업무 수행은 인간적인 갈등의 연속이며 선택과 결정의 연속적인 과정이라고 해도 과언이 아니다. 항상 많은 클라이언트와 사례를 접하면서 윤리적 의사결정을 해야 하기 때문이다. 가치란 무엇이 좋고(good) 바람직한지(desirable)에 관심을 두는 반면, 윤리란 무엇이 옳고(right) 바른지(correct)에 관심을 둔다. 즉, 윤리가 옳고 그른가에 대한 판단을 다룬다면 가치는 좋고 싫은가에 대한 것으로서 가치가 믿음이라면 윤리는 판단이라 할 수 있다. 이를 바탕으로 사회복지사는 자신의 행동을 결정한다. 이에 한국사회복지사협회에서는 사회복지사의 선서 및 사회복지사의 윤리강령 등을 제공하여 사회복지사가 인본주의․평등주의 사상에 기초하여, 모든 인간의 존엄성과 가치존중, 천부의 자유권과 생존권의 보장, 사회정의와 평등․자유와 민주주의 가치를 실현함을 일반적 원칙으로 믿고 판단하기를 권장하고 있는 것이다. 따라서 사회복지사는 항상 이에 대하여 숙지하고 있어야 하며 최소한 가까이에 두고 지키도록 해야 한다. 물론, 이 강령이 모든 사회복지의 현장에서의 갈등상황에서 해결책이 되지는 않겠지만 윤리적 갈등상황에서 판단의 기준을 세우는데 도움을 줄 것은 확실하다. 사회복지사는 언제나 전문가로서 윤리적 책임과 원칙을 준수해야 하며 클라이언트에 대한 윤리적 책임과 원칙을 다하며 동료들과도 윤리적 책임 준수에 힘써야 하며 사회에 대한 윤리적 책임을 다하도록 최선의 노력을 다해야 할 것이다.

The intention of this research is to identify the effect of corporate social responsibility (CSR) disclosure on firm value with profitability as a moderating variable. Data collection is carried out with data documentation that is based on financial reports and sustainability reports. All companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2013-2017 period are considered as the population of this study. Samples were selected using the purposive sampling method. The following are criteria that would be used in this study: 1) publish a sustainability report using the GRI G4 standard as a reference in preparing reports for 2013-2016, 2) publish a complete financial report for the 2014- 2017 observation period, 3) not experience a loss during the 2014-2017 period. The total sample of the study was 109 companies. The study uses path analysis assisted with WarpPLS software version 6.0. The results show that the disclosure of corporate social responsibility has a positive and significant effect on firm value, and profitability moderates the effect of corporate social responsibility disclosure on firm value. The implication of the research is that implementing corporate social responsibility is very important to increase firm’s value and firm’s sustainability in the future.

This study investigates, first, whether the extent of corporate social and environmental responsibility disclosure (CSERD) differs between 2010 and 2014; second, whether government regulation affects the extent of CSERD; and, third, whether the CSERD is valued by investors. Content analysis method was used to extract 466 companies’ annual reports to measure the extent of social and environmental responsibility disclosure based on the Global Reporting Initiative (GRI) checklist. Independent sample t-test and multivariate regression analysis were also conducted to test the differences of the extent of CSERD as well as determinants and consequence of CSERD. Our results show that the extent of CSERD in 2014 is 21.60 percent higher than in 2010 (13.39 percent). Government regulation has a significant effect on the extent of CSERD. This study also finds that market values positively CSER information disclosed by company. Given that government regulation has a positive impact, however, the findings of this study suggests that the extent of CSERD is still low. To enhance CSERD, government should continuously encourage companies to abide by the regulations as mandated. This study provides a more comprehensive insights of CSRED practices from an emerging country and the effect of government regulation in enhancing CSERD.

노동위기, 고실업 및 복지 위기에 대한 시민사회 집합적 대응과 국가 필요성에서 발생한 사회적기업 (장원봉, 2008)의 생존성에 대한 의문은 지속적으로 제기되어 왔다. 이를 증명하기 위해 경제적 가치 뿐만 아니라 사회적 가치 분석법 등 다양한 관점이 존재하였다. 본 연구에서는 사회적 기업에 대한 중요성 에도 불구하고 실질적인 성과 평가가 이루어지지 않는 시점에서 사회적기업의 지원정책과 성과의 관계 를 명확히 분석하고, 성과 분야에 대한 집중적 지원 방향성을 설정하는데 목적이 있다. 본 연구 실증 결과를 살펴보면 사회적기업의 사회적성과 중 대표적인 고용증대효과에 대해선 외부지 원금이 긍정적인 영향을 미치며, 매출액은 고용증대에 직접적 연관성이 높았다. 업종별로는 보건간병 분야와 환경위생분야의 취약계층 및 일반 근로자 창출이 다른 업종에 비해 뚜렷하였다. 또한, 외부지원금의 경우 사회적기업의 경제적, 사회경제적 성과와는 무관하였으며, 평균임금수준이 높고 주주가 구성괸 상법상 회사가 다른 현태의 조직보다 사회 경제적 성과가 높았다.

The purpose of this study is to quantitatively analyze the social welfare value given to the designated rural settlement zone by the resident-participated site unit plan that the City of Cheongju is newly attempting to draft. Firstly, the costs and benefits from the site unit planning were estimated. Secondly, through literature review especially focussed on the benefit and cost estimation, on-site questionnaire was designed, and then sample residents of the qualifying sites were asked about their willingness to pay, which could make it possible to estimate the monetary value of its benefits by the contingent valuation method (CVM). Finally, the present value of net benefits (PVNB) was estimated through the derived costs and benefits. As a result of analysis, firstly, the present value of net benefits (PVNB) was found to be 7,641 billion won, which indicated that the implementation of district-unit plan would be able to cause sufficient social welfare value for the effected residents. Secondly, in examining the result of individual average amount for willingness to pay through the CVM, the area that benefited the most was found to be the road improvement. Thirdly, as a result of sensitivity analysis, the parameter with the most effects was the discount rate, which suggested that, in carrying out public projects, excessive market interest rates would not be appropriate.

소셜 네트워크 게임이란 소셜 네트워크 서비스 플랫폼을 기반으로 하여 사용자 참여 및 관계 맺기를 활용한 사회적 인맥 기반 형태의 게임을 말한다. 본 연구는 HCI 분야에서 제시하는 가치모형을 중심으로 SNG의 지속적 사용의도에 영향을 주는 기능적, 유희적, 사회적, 개인적 가치 요인을 검토하였다. 분석 결과 유희적 가치와 기능적 가치가 지속적 사용의도에 영향을 주는 것으로 나타났으며, 사회적 가치, 개인적 가치는 유의한 영향을 주지 않는 것으로 나타났다. 이는 SNG의 서비스에 있어서 게임의 재미적 요인과 쉽고 편리한 인터페이스는 주요한 요소이지만, 이용자들의 사회관계적 동인은 큰 의미가 없음을 의미한다.