The cultivated radish (Raphanus sativus L.) is a major vegetable crop in the world wide and fast-growing species that grows inhabitats of six continents. It is very important to determine hybrid seed purity in the production of hybrid Brassica vegetable seeds to avoid unacceptable contamination with self-inbred (sib) seeds. The use of random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers for evaluating seed purity in F2 -hybrid radish cultivars demonstrated. One hundred eighty seeds from the F1 male and female harvest were subsequently screened for seed purity using 13 primers. The 13 primers result in 17 cultivar-specific bands and 23 variable RAPD bands scored for cultivar. RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the harvest revealed 128 seeds tested except underdevelopment and decayed seeds were sibs. Especially, F2 hybrids of radish, OPC13, OPD20 were presented clear hybrid bands. It maintains higher than average level of genetic diversity compared with their correspondent parents. RAPD amplification of DNA extracted from germinated individuals from the female harvest reveal that 10 of 208 seeds tested were self-inbred (4.8%). RAPD analysis of hybrid seeds from the male harvest revealed 7 of the 208 seeds tested were sibs (3.4%). The RAPD may lead to a better insight in to the hybrid seed purity.

The genetic diversity was evaluated using RAPD and ISSR among natural populations and Korean wheat cultivars (Triticum aestivum). Understanding the genetic diversity of putative parental and wild stocks would be useful in wheat breeding programs. Ninety three populations were evaluated with fifty RAPD and three ISSR primers. A total of 185 RAPD and ISSR polymorphism were produced. These markers were considered to estimate the genetic distance among accessions. The genetic similarity ranged from 0.41 to 0.86. The dendrogram were constructed by using the UPGMA clustering algorithm based on genetic similarity. The genetic diversity within and among accession was assessed through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) for statistics analysis. In cluster analysis, four groups were clustered and 17 accessions were not clustered. The PCA was corresponded well to the result. This study provides basic information about the genetic relationships for breeding purposes.

The genetic diversity among the genus Viola was evaluated using the random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) method. A total of 142 distinct amplification fragments by 18 random primers were scored to perform the cluster analysis with UPGMA. Viola species from the subsection Patellares were clustered into group I to IV. The groups from I to IV were consistent with its morphological taxonomy, series Pinnatae, Chinensis, Variegatae, and Patellares in the subsection Patellares, respectively. Even though V. albida and V. albida var. takahasii were classified in Chinensis, they were assigned into group I. The cluster analysis separated other subsections from Patellares in the section Nomimium. Interestingly, V. verecunda and V. grypoceras in subsections Biobatae and Trigonocarpae, respectively, were clustered into group C with a high similarity coefficient. Therefore, RAPD analysis can be used for providing an alternative classification system to identify genotypes and morphological characters of Viola species.

한국감자육종소재 은행(KPGR)에서 는 많은 감자유전자원을 수집함과 동시에 수집된 유전자원을 분석해서 감자육종에 활용하고 있다 다양한 유전자원 중에서 2001년 우리나라 준고냉지 지역인 장평과 양구에서 수확한 58가지 감자 계통 및 품종에서 식용 및 칩 가공에 적합한 품종 및 계통을 선발하였다. 감자의 선발 기준은 지역적 응성, 감자 괴경형태(눈 깊이, 모양, 표피색, 육색, 생산량, 더뎅이병 저항성과 중심공동 및 내부갈색저항성)와 감자의 칩 색도에 아주 큰 영향을 주는 환원당 함량 등 요소를 종합적으로 고려하였다. 기존 '수미'와 대등한 흰색 표피 품종은 '얼리밸리', '썸머밸리', '윈터밸리', '태복밸리'였고, '골든밸리'는 노란색 품종으로, '고구밸리'와 '주스밸리'는 적색표피 품종으로, '퍼플밸리'는 보라색 표피 품종으로 각각 선발되었다. 가공용 재배 품종인 '대서' 칩 색도와 비슷하고 생산량(4.0톤ha)이 비교적 높고 환원당 함량(0.30％이하)이 비교적 낮은 24계통 및 품종이 선발되었다. 선발된 계통 및 품종의 괴경형태 등을 종합적으로 고려하여 '태동밸리', '강심밸리', '강원밸리' 품종이 밝은 흰 색칩용으로 선발되었는데 환원당 함량은 각각 0.23％, 0.27％와 0.29％였으며; '보라밸리', '로즈밸리', Valley54는 칼라 칩용으로 선발하였는데 그중 '보라밸리' 의 환원당 함량은 0.26％로서 밝은 보라색 칩색도를 나타냈으며 '로즈밸리'의 환원당 함량은 0.19％로서 칩 색도는 밝은 황색을 나타냈으며 밸리54의 환원당 함량은 0.27％였다. '스틱밸리'와 밸리72은 프렌치 프라이용으로 선발하였는데 환원당 함량은 각각 0.22％와 0.15％로서 괴경의 형태가 비교적 긴 형태로서 프라이 색도는 밝은 담황색을 나타냈다.

Two different types of molecular markers, simple sequence repeat (SSR) and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), were used to measure genetic diversity among five Korean, eight Thai, and three wild soybeans. For SSR analysis, a total of 20 markers were surveyed to detect polymorphisms. For SNP analysis, four primers were designed from consensus sequence regions on disease resistance protein homolog genes, and used to amplify the genomic region. The PCR products were sequenced. A number of polymorphic SSR and SNP bands were scored on all genotypes and their genetic similarity was measured. Clustering analysis was performed independently on both types of markers. Clustering based on SSR markers separated the genotypes into three main groups originated from Korea, Thailand, and wild soybeans. On the other hand, two main groups were classified using SNP analysis. It seemed that SSR was more informative than SNP in this study. This may be due to the fact that SNP was surveyed on the smaller genomic region than SSR. Grouping based on the combined data of both markers revealed similar results to that of SNP rather than that of SSR. This might be due to the fact that more loci from SNP were considered to measure genetic relatedness than those from the SSR.

Genetic diversity of 31 rice varieties including 25 japonica and 6 indica varieties was evaluated using a combination of 19 microsatellite or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) and 28 random decamer oligonucle-otide primers. All 19 microsatellite primer sets representing 19 loci in the rice genome showed polymorphisms among the 31 varieties and revealed 91 alleles with an average of 4.80 bands per primer. Also all 28 random decamer primers used were informative and generated 114 non-redundant bands with a mean of 4.07 bands. Microsatellite markers detected higher number of alleles than random primers .although the mean difference was not statistically significant. A cluster analysis based on Nei＇s genetic distances calculated from the 205 bands resolved the 31 varieties into two major groups that correspond to indica and japonica subspecies, which is consistent with the genealogical information. As few as six random decamer primers or a combination of one microsatellite and four random decamer primers were sufficient to uniquely differentiate all 31 varieties. These combinations would be potentially useful in rice variety protection and identification considering that 25 out of 31 varieties used in this study are japonica rices with high grain quality and have close make up.

This paper describes the variations in eight agronomic traits in three unadapted local landraces and an inbred cultivar of corn. To compare the agronomic traits in field evaluation with molecular marker evaluation the genotypes of the plant introduction were also checked by 4 microsatellite-SSR loci. The variations of the eight agronomic traits were higher in the local landrades than in the inbred line. which was substantiated by the high genetic variation in the landrades with microsatellite-SSR loci. The level of genetic variation was also different between landraces. Since the genetic evaluation can be easily quantified by the analysis of microsatellite-SSR loci. the threshold level of genetic homogeneity in the population for parental lines in breeding program can be determined and the effort of maintaining the landrace population would be alleviated. As an example in our analysis. the entry from Whachon should not need the same number of selfing generations as the other two landraces to get the level of inbred state. Since this line showed lowest intra-genetic variation within the population.