The present study was undertaken to examine the critical effect of + concentration on electrostimulation and post-electrostimulation media for electric activation of in vitro matured oocytes of Korean Native Cattle. Oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured in TCM 199 containing FSH, estradiol-17 and FBS with granulosa cell monolayer for 24 hours and denuded with hyaluronidase. And then cumulus-free oocytes were submitted to a DC field of 1.0 kV/cm for 60 sec in electroporation media(0.28 M mannito' and PBS) with different + concentations (0.00, 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mM). Stimulated oocytes were stained and examined for pronuclear formation after incuhation in SOF for 12 hours. The rates of pronuclear formation in hovine oocytes electrically stimulated in 0.28 M mannitol with 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mM +(60.3, 82.2 and 75.0%) were significantly higher than without +(6.3%) at 12 hours after an electric pulse(p<0.005). The activation rates of Korean Native Cattle oocytes stimulated in PBS supplemented with 0.05, 0.10 and 0.15 mM +(71.0, 75.8 and 75.4%) were significantly higher than without +(23.5%) after post-stimulation incubation(p<0.005). After incubation of oocytes in SOF with and without + following electric stimulation in 0.28 M mannitol with 0.10 mM +, the rates of pronuclear formation of bovine oocytes in +-free SOF(85.7%) was significantly higher than in SOF with 1.71 mM +(62.5%, p<0.05). When oocytes were stimulated in two electrostimulation media supplemented with + and incubated in +-free SOF, there were no significant differences in the rates of pronuclear formation hetween 0.28 M mannitol and PBS. These results indicate that a single electric pulse could induce activation of Korea Native Cattle oocytes in 0.28 M mannitol and PBS supplemented with +. Furthermore, to improve the activation rates, it was hetter that stimulated oocytes were incubated in +-free SOF after electric stimulation than in SOF with +.

The present study was undertaken to determine the optimal condition for parthenogenetic activation of rabbit oocytes by electric stimulation in vitro in an attempt to develop nuclear transplantation techniques for cloning mammalian embryos and animals. Freshly ovulated oocytes were collected from superovulated rabbits from 13 to 26 hrs. after hCG injection. The cumulus-free oocytes were activated parthenogetically by repeated stimuli of square direct electric pulses in O.3M mannitol solution. After applying electric stimulations of different voltages, pulse durations and pulse times, all of the oocytes were cultured in TCM-199 with 10% FCS for 96 hours in a 5% incubator, and their developmental potential in vitro was examined. The higher activation rate (68.9%) was achieved at the voltage of 2.0kv/cm, the pulse duration of 60 sec and three pulse times and the activation rate of 100% was achieved at the pulse duration of 100 and 200 sec, the voltage of 1.5kv/cm and three pulse times. Although the higher rates of activation of oocytes were achieved at 100 and 200 sec, none of them developed to blastocyst in vitro. The oocytes collected 18~20 hours post hCG injection showed the highest rate of activation and development to blastocyst in vitro than the oocytes collected 13~15 or 25~26 hours post hCG injection. Therefore, it can be suggested that the application of electric stimulation of 2.0kv/cm, 60 sec and three pulse times to the oocytes collected at 18~20 hours post hCG injection would be more beneficial for the parthenogenetic activation of oocytes in rabbits.

세계자연유산은 자연이 인류에게 가져다 준 소중한 자원이다. 중국 옌청황해습지 (中国盐城黄海 湿地)가 세계자연유산으로 등재된 후 인지도가 급속히 높아져 유산 지역을 보호하고 합리적으로 개발 이용하는 것이 관심의 초점으로 되고 있다. 본 논문에서는 옌청황해습지의 개황과 의미, 가치를 서술하는 기초위에서 이 유산 지역의 관광 상품화의 현황과 문제점을 좀 더 분석하고 관광 제도, 정책 지원, 브랜드 이미지 정립 및 마케팅 강화 측면에서 관광지 활성화 방안을 제시하고자 한다.

The advanced oxidation treatment using persulfate and zero-valent iron (ZVI) has been evaluated as a very effective technology for remediation of soil and groundwater contamination. However, the high rate of the initial reaction of persulfate with ZVI causes over-consumption of an injected persulfate, and the excessively generated active species show a low transfer rate to the target pollutant. In this study, ZVI was modified using selenium with very low reactivity in the water environment with the aim of controlling the persulfate activation rate by controlling the reactivity of ZVI. Selenium-modified ZVI (Se/ZVI) was confirmed to have a selenium coating on the surface through SEM/EDS analysis, and low reductive reactivity to trichlroethylene (TCE) was observed. As a result of inducing the persulfate activation using the synthesized Se/ZVI, the persulfated consumption rate was greatly reduced, and the decomposition rate of the model contaminant, anisole, was also reduced in proportion. However, the final decomposition efficiency was rather increased, which seems to be the result of preventing persulfate over-consumption. This is because the transfer efficiency of the active species (SO4-∙) of persulfate to the target contaminant has been improved. Selenium on the surface of Se/ZVI was not significantly dissolved even under oxidation conditions by persulfate, and most of it was present in the form of Se/ZVI. It was confirmed that the persulfate activation rate could be controlled by controlling the reactivity of ZVI, which could greatly contribute to the improvement of the persulfate oxidation efficiency.

Mentha spicata, Ocimum basilium L., and Rosemarinus officinalis L. were selected as subjects for the study, and analysis of rosmarinic acid contents by HPLC analysis and the fragrance components of each herb were compared by GC-MS analysis. It was prepared and cultivated in a herb farm located in Sacheonjin-ri, Gangneung-si in 2022 (Fig. 1) before flowering, collected in the summer, stored at minus 20℃, and dried 50 g each. The analysis was requested to the NICEM analysis room of Seoul National University to obtain the test results. Through the above study, HPLC showed that the content of rosmarinic acid was 555.53 mg/Kg, which was absolute, 27.12% in rosemary for 1,8-cineol in GC-MS, and 32.44% in linalool in sweet basil. For eugenol, 23.11% in sweet basil and 19.92% in rosemary were found in α-pinene. Through this study, it was verified that spearmint, sweet basil, and rosemary contain a large amount of major ingredients that act on concentration or brain activation.

목적: 본 연구는 도구(죽도)를 사용함에 있어 전문성이 있는 검도 선수와 경험이 없는 일반인을 대상으로 검도 동작에 대한 동작 예측 능력과 대뇌 신경 활성화의 차이를 검증하고자 하였다. 방법: 검도 선수 15명과 초보자 15명을 대상으로 시간적 차단기법을 활용한 동작 예측 과제를 수행하였다. 제시되는 검도 기술 영상(머리, 손목, 허리치기)을 보고 최종 타격 위치에 대해 정확하고 신속하게 예측하는 것이다. 과제 수행과 함께 동작 예측에 따 른 대뇌 신경 활성화의 차이를 알아보고자 TMS를 활용한 운동유발전위(MEPs)를 측정하였다. 측정 변인은 예측 정확도와 반응 지연시간(latency) 그리고 운동유발전위이며, 이를 영상 구간에 따라 집단 간 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 분석 결과, 초보자와 비교해 검도 선수가 정확하고 짧은 반응 지연시간을 보여주었다. 영상 길이에 따른 집단 간 비교는 1∼5구간에서 검도 선수가 유의하게 정확한 반응을 하였으며, 반응 지연시간에서는 모든 영상 조건에서 검도 선수가 빠르게 수행하였다. 운동유발전위 차이 비교에서는 1∼2구간과 6구간에서 유의하게 검도 선수가 높았으며, 초보자는 10구간에서만 높은 대뇌 활성화를 보여주었다. 결론: 연구 결과에 나타난 바와 같이, 검도 선수의 우수한 예측 능력은 도구를 사용하는 스포츠 환경에서도 나타날 수 있으며, 동작 예측 능력이 경험을 통해 서 획득된다는 기존 연구결과를 다시 한번 증명하였다. 동작 예측 중에 나타난 도구 사용 전문가의 증가된 대뇌 활성화는 거울 신경이 단순히 신체 간의 운동 일치에 따라 나타나는 것뿐 아니라, 도구의 움직임도 포함되어 거울 신경 기전이 작동할 수 있음을 증명하였다.

Adenophorae Radix (AR) has been used as a traditional medicine for various diseases. However, the regulatory mechanisms of AR in allergic inflammation are not yet understood. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect and mechanisms of AR on the mast cell-mediated allergic response. To determine the pharmacological mechanisms of AR in allergic inflammation, we evaluated the effects of AR on the production of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1β and IL-8 as well as the activation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and caspase-1 in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate plus calcium ionophore A23187 (PMACI)-stimulated human mast cells (HMC-1). Our results demonstrated that AR effectively attenuated the PMACI-induced production of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β and IL-8 in stimulated HMC-1. Additionally, we showed that the inhibitory effect of AR on inflammatory cytokines in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1 cells involved the suppression of the activation NF-kB/caspase-1 in PMACI-stimulated HMC-1. Collectively, these findings provide experimental evidence that AR may be a useful candidate for the treatment of allergic inflammation.

목적: 본 연구의 목적은 의식적인 체간 근육의 동시 활성화(co-activation) 조건과 1RM(repetition max)의 50%, 65%, 80%의 부하 수준에서 바벨 백 스쿼트(barbell back squat)를 수행하였을 때, 척추 분절의 자유도의 변화 양상을 관찰하는 것이다. 방법: 이를 위하여 본인 체중의 1.8∼2배 이상으로 바벨 백 스쿼트를 수행할 수 있는 4명의 연구 참여자들에게 실험 조건에 따른 운동학적 자료를 수집한 뒤 주성분 분석(principal component analysis)을 사용하여 척추의 자유도를 정량화하였다. 결과: 전체 분산의 95% 이상을 설명할 수 있는 주성분의 개수(5개)를 기준으로 백 스쿼트의 하강 구간에서 의식적인 활성에 따라 통계적으로 유의미한 차이를 보였으며 상승 구간에서는 부하 조건에 따라 유의미한 차이를 보였다. 결론: 백 스쿼트의 하강 구간 동안 의식적인 체간 근육의 동시 활성화에 의해 척추 분절의 자유도가 제한될 수 있으며 상승 구간에서는 부하 수준에 따라 차이가 발생할 수 있다.