The purpose of this study is to identify the determinants of the susceptibility of global consumer culture. As determinants, materialism and self monitoring as psychological variables and fashion clothing product knowledge as clothing-related variable were included. It was hypothesized that both psychological variables and clothing-related variable influence susceptibility of global consumer culture. Data were gathered by surveying university students in Seoul metropolitan area, using convenience sampling, and 311 questionnaires were used in the statistical analysis. In analyzing data, exploratory factor analysis using SPSS and confirmatory factor analysis and path analysis using AMOS were conducted. Factor analysis of susceptibility of global consumer culture revealed four dimensions, 'social prestige' factor, 'quality perception' factor, 'conformity to others' factor, and 'conformity to consumption trend' factor. In addition, factor analysis of self monitoring revealed three dimensions, 'center-oriented attention' factor, 'situation-appropriate self-presentation' factor, and 'strategic displays of self-presentation' factor. The results showed that all the fit indices for the variable measures were quite acceptable. In addition, the overall fit of the model suggests that the model fits the data well. Tests of the hypothesized path show that all variables except for the one factor of self monitoring, 'center-oriented attention', and materialism influence all the factors of susceptibility of global consumer culture. The implications of these findings and suggestions for future study are also discussed.

Wastewater containing heavy metals such as copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) is harmful to humans and the environment due to its high toxicity. Crystallization in a fluidized bed reactor (FBR) has recently received significant attention for heavy metal removal and recovery. It is necessary to find optimum reaction conditions to enhance crystallization efficacy. In this study, the effects of crystallization reagent and pH were investigated to maximize crystallization efficacy of Cu-S and Ni-S in a FBR. CaS and Na2S·9H2O were used as crystallization reagent, and pH were varied in the range of 1 to 7. Additionally, each optimum crystallization condition for Cu and Ni were sequentially employed in two FBRs for their selective removal from the mixture of Cu and Ni. As major results, the crystallization of Cu was most effective in the range of pH 1-2 for both CaS and Na2S·9H2O reagents. At pH 1, Cu was completely removed within five minutes. Ni showed a superior reactivity with S in Na2S·9H2O compared to that in CaS at pH 7. When applying each optimum crystallization condition sequentially, only Cu was firstly crystallized at pH 1 with CaS, and then, in the second FBR, the residual Ni was completely removed at pH 7 with Na2S·9H2O. Each crystal recovered from two different FBRs was mainly composed of CuxSy and NiS, respectively. Our results revealed that Cu and Ni can be selectively recovered as reusable resources from the mixture by controlling pH and choosing crystallization reagent accordingly.

This study is for reduction of heat island to control the rise in climate, temperature changes, according to the passage of a vehicle due to cyclic loading, such as cracks in the asphalt layer in order to determine the proper diameter control and caused the asphalt to prevent damage. Slab drain is suitable to determine drainage asphalt diameter.

사회적 동물들의 행동은 의사결정과정을 통해 이루어지며, 한 집단의 통일된 행동들은 각 개체들의 독립된 의사결정과정과 정보의 공유를 통해 이루어진다. 복잡하게 보이는 집단행동들은 실제로는 단순한 규칙들을 따르는 경우가 많으며, 동물들은 활용 가능한 다양한 감각정보를 사용하여 의사결정을 내린다. 본 소모임에서는 다양한 사회성 동물들의 의사결정 시에 쓰이는 감각정보 및 규칙들에 대한 연구 결과를 리뷰하며 개체들의 의사결정 정보가 어떻게 다른 개체에게 전달되어 복잡한 집단행동을 형성하는지에 대해 다룰 예정이다.

개인이 내리는 의사결정보다는 집단이 내리는 합의 의사결정(consensus decision)이 종종 옳은 경우가 많다. 만약 개인이 가지고 있는 정보가 부분적이고, 이러한 개인들이 많이 모일수록 보다 완벽한 정보를 얻을 수 있다. 그러면 집단의 크기가 클수록 올바른 의사결정을 내릴 수 있다. 그러나 집단의 의사결정은 의사결정의 주체, 의사결정에 도달하는 방법, 속도와 정확성간의 타협과 같은 문제가 있다. 사회성 동물에서는 중앙에서 보다는 정보가 모아지는 현장에서 의사결정을 내리는 분산 의사결정이 특징이다. 의사결정을 내리기 전에 사회성 동물의 개체들은 정보를 공유한다. 사회성 동물들이 정보를 공유하지 않으면 의사결정을 내리지 못한다. 이와 반대로 공유한 정보를 검정하지 않고 맹목적으로 따를 경우 틀린 결정을 내릴 수 있다. 집단 의사결정의 정확성은 정보의 공유를 통한 상호의존과 정보의 검정을 통한 독립성에 달려있다. 의사결정이 신속하게 내려질 경우 의사결정을 존중하는 개체의 수가 한정되어 있다. 올바른 의사결정을 내리는 것도 중요하지만 내려진 의사결정이 수행되지 않을 경우 쓸모가 없다. 그러므로 집단의 많은 개체들이 의사결정을 수행하기 위해서는 이들을 설득하기 위한 충분한 시간이 필요하다.

If Game Rating Board tries to interpret the paragraph 4 of Article 22 of Act on the Promotion of the Game Industry as the meaning that it can revoke it’s rating of a game when the rated game falls under the category of rating rejection owing to Ordinance’s revision after the rating, the interpretation could violate constitutionalism and protection of trust. According to the paragraph 2 and 4 of Article 22 of The Act, The Board may reject a rating application filed by an entity that has requested a rating without legitimate authority or that is using other illegal methods and shall, without delay, revoke its rating when it determines or discovers that a rated game falls under the category of rating rejection. Administrative court ruled that the interpretation of a law regarding revocation of a beneficial administrative disposition should be limited in the original meaning of the law; it is desirable that the Board’s the Interpretation Criteria of Ordinance relating to the revocation of a game rating could be reconsidered in the viewpoint of constitutionalism and protection of trust.

This paper deals with the economic value analysis of meteorological forecasts for a hypothetical inventory decision-making situation in the pharmaceutical industry. The value of Asian dust (AD) forecasts is assessed in terms of the expected value of profits by using a decision tree, which is transformed from the specific payoff structure. The forecast user is assumed to determine the inventory level by considering base profit, inventory cost, and lost sales cost. We estimate the information value of AD forecasts by comparing the two cases of decision-making with or without the AD forecast. The proposed method is verified for the real data of AD forecasts and events in Seoul during the period 2004~2008. The results indicate that AD forecasts can provide the forecast users with benefits, which have various ranges of values according to the relative rate of inventory and lost sales cost.

This study suggests new approach to identify core technologies through patent analysis. Specially, the approach applied data mining technique and multi-criteria decision making method to the co-classification information of registered patents. First, technological interrelationship matrices of intensity, relatedness, and cross-impact perspectives are constructed with support, lift and confidence values calculated by conducting an association rule mining on the co-classification information of patent data. Second, the analytic network process is applied to the constructed technological interrelationship matrices in order to produce the importance values of technologies from each perspective. Finally, data envelopment analysis is employed to the derived importance values in order to identify priorities of technologies, putting three perspectives together. It is expected that suggested approach could help technology planners to formulate strategy and policy for technological innovation.

This paper reviewed the relationship among CEO’s entrepreneurship/risktaking, innovation resistance and innovation performance, and the mediating effect of innovation resistance between CEO’s entrepreneurship/ risktaking and innovation performance. Based on the responses from 219 companies, the results of multiple regression analysis appeared as follow; 1) CEO’s entrepreneurship and risktaking effect negatively on innovation resistance. 2) innovation resistance negatively on innovation performance(process innovation, organization innovation). 3) innovation resistance mediates partly between CEO’s entrepreneurship/ risktaking and innovation performance.

In this paper, numerical simulations are performed for the drying process of potato chip in a microwave oven with multiple waveguides, with the purpose of enhancing the uniformity in temperature distribution. A simulation model is built and simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. The simulation model uses 5 different positions of waveguides to see whether it affects the heat distribution in the material. In order to know the final temperature result of the material after it comes out of the cavity on a moving conveyor belt, the average temperature values along the direction of the conveyor belt motion are calculated and plotted. From the results, the best waveguide position is determined to get the best temperature distribution in the potato chips.

In this study, nanocrystalline nickel powders were cold compacted by a dynamic compaction method usinga single-stage gas gun system. A bending test was conducted to measure the bonding strengths of the compacted regionsand microstructures of the specimen were analyzed using a scanning electron microscopy. The specimen was separatedinto two parts by a horizontal crack after compaction. Density test shows that the powder compaction occurred only inthe upper part of the specimen. Brittle fracture was occurred during the bending test of the compact sample. Dispersionof shock energy due to spalling highly affected the bonding status of the nanocrystalline nickel powder.

본 연구는 28개국 소비자를 대상으로 한국 제품 이미지에 영향을 미치는 요인들을 검증하는 실증적 연구이다. 구체적으로 4개 소비자 개인적 특성 요인 즉 소비자 세계주의, 자민족주의, 성별 요인 및 연령 요인, 그리고 3개 국가적인 특성 요인 즉 경제적 발전 수준, 한국과의 문화적 거리 및 지리적 거리 등의 요인을 검토하였다. 이와 함께, 본 연구에서는 4개 소비자 개인적 특성 요인이 한국 제품 이미지에 미치는 영향을 국가별로 분석하여, 이들 요인이 다수 국가로의 일반화가 가능한지 여부를 평가하였다. 검증 결과, 한국 제품의 이미지는 세계주의 성향이 높은 소비자, 고연령층 소비자 그리고 경제적 발전 수준이 낮은 개도국 소비자에서 호의적인 경향이 발견되었다. 그리고 세계주의와 연령 요인의 효과는 여러 국가에서 비교적 일관성이 높게 나타났다. 한편 소비자 자민족주의, 성별 요인 그리고 한국과의 심리적 거리인 문화적 거리와 지리적 거리는 한국 제품 이미지의 선호도와 통계적으로 유의한 관계가 발견되지 않았다. 동시에 이러한 관계는 국가 간에 일관성이 결여되어 있는 것으로 나타났다. 마지막으로 학술적 그리고 마케팅적 시사점이 논의된다.

PURPOSES: Evaluation of input parameters determination procedure for dynamic analysis of aggregates in DEM. METHODS: In this research, the aggregate slump test and angularity test were performed as fundamental laboratory tests to determine input parameters of spherical particles in DEM. The heights spreads, weights of the simple tests were measured and used to calibrate rolling and static friction coefficients of particles. RESULTS : The DEM simulations with calibrated parameters showed good agreement with the laboratory test results for given dynamic condition. CONCLUSIONS: It is concluded that the employed calibration method can be applicable to determine rolling friction coefficient of DEM simulation for given dynamic conditions. However, further research is necessary to connect the result to the behavior of aggregate in packing and mixing process and to refine static friction coefficient.

A stoichiometric mixture of evaporating materials for ZnAl2Se4 single-crystal thin films was prepared in a horizontalelectric furnace. These ZnAl2Se4 polycrystals had a defect chalcopyrite structure, and its lattice constants were a0=5.5563Åand c0=10.8897Å.To obtain a single-crystal thin film, mixed ZnAl2Se4 crystal was deposited on the thoroughly etched semi-insulating GaAs(100) substrate by a hot wall epitaxy (HWE) system. The source and the substrate temperatures were 620oCand 400oC, respectively. The crystalline structure of the single-crystal thin film was investigated by using a double crystal X-ray rocking curve and X-ray diffraction ω-2θ scans. The carrier density and mobility of the ZnAl2Se4 single-crystal thin filmwere 8.23×1016cm−3 and 287m2/vs at 293K, respectively. To identify the band gap energy, the optical absorption spectra ofthe ZnAl2Se4 single-crystal thin film was investigated in the temperature region of 10-293K. The temperature dependence ofthe direct optical energy gap is well presented by Varshni's relation: Eg(T)=Eg(0)−(αT2/T+β). The constants of Varshni'sequation had the values of Eg(0)=3.5269eV, α=2.03×10−3eV/K and β=501.9K for the ZnAl2Se4 single-crystal thin film.The crystal field and the spin-orbit splitting energies for the valence band of the ZnAl2Se4 were estimated to be 109.5meVand 124.6meV, respectively, by means of the photocurrent spectra and the Hopfield quasicubic model. These results indicatethat splitting of the ∆so definitely exists in the Γ5 states of the valence band of the ZnAl2Se4/GaAs epilayer. The threephotocurrent peaks observed at 10K are ascribed to the A1-, B1-exciton for n=1 and C21-exciton peaks for n=21.

The number of domestic smartphone users exceeded 30 million people, and the time in the future everyone will use a smartphone that will come with ago. Past purchase decisions, related research and product from the competition between the past case and the relevant literature for the smartphone market smartphone type to derive a purchase decision factors in the decision to purchase any difference between the factors. Literature and practices through performance, switching costs, product loyalty, design, brand, after-sales service, the price more than 7 variables were analyzed. One hundred people surveyed, respectively, did not obtain the response of a variety of ages and occupations , age of the sample used in the analysis of this study, and is concentrated as a student at the university of smartphones used to facilitate users analysis was done. We expect smartphone companies and related companies to be able to give guidelines for effective technology management.

Among various manual materials handling tasks, pushing/pulling was known to be one of the risk factors for the low back and shoulder musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). This study was conducted to find out an optimal solution set of the handle height and distance for 4-wheel cart with two vertical handles. Ten male college students participated in the pushing force measurement experiment. The face-centered cube design, one of the central composite designs, was applied for the experiment, and the isometric voluntary pushing force was measured in 9 treatment conditions. The second order response surface model was predicted by using the pushing strength as a response variable, and the handle height and distance as independent factors. According to the 2nd order response model, the handle height and distance showed nonlinear relationship with the isometric pushing strength. To maximize the 2nd order response model (pushing force), the handle height and distance were optimized. The optimal handle height was 'xyphoid process height - stature’, and the optimal handle distance was ‘1.25*shoulder width’. When calculated using the anthropometric data of the subjects of this study, the optimal handle height was 115.4 ± 3.4 cm, slightly higher than the elbow height, and the handle distance was 52.9 ± 2.3 cm.

For service innovation, it is crucial to measure the quality of service and identify the factors which affect it. In this study, for that purpose, a composite research model based on SERVQUAL and the technology acceptance model is proposed. The model is applied to three different service areas-Internet shopping, Internet banking, and cloud service. Analysis has been performed using the SEM methodology. The analysis shows that reliability, responsiveness and assurance affects the service quality in different ways for each, the result of which enables us to identify quality-determining factors in various service areas.

PURPOSES : The evaluation of the pavement condition of the asphalt concrete pavement of No. 2 runway of Inchon International Airport through PMS, a supporting system for making a decision of pavement, maintenance and repair, was made, and the proper time for repair according to the PCI reduction rate was suggested. METHODS: By comparing and analyzing the evaluation results of pavements built in 2009, 2010, 2011, PCI change in each facility (No. 2 runway, C parallel taxiway, connection taxiway) was calculated. By applying the calculated change to PCI deduction rate model, the pavement condition of the target sections was estimated, and then the necessary section and time for repair were chosen. RESULTS: After careful consideration of the time for pavement and maintenance, based on the result of PCI prediction, it was estimated that the southern takeoff and landing section of No. 2 runway was required to be repaired in 2012; connection taxiway in 2013; and C parallel taxiway in 2014; however, the section which is the main moving route of connection taxiway and C parallel taxiway was needed to be repaired in 2012. CONCLUSIONS: For maintenance and repair of airport pavements, the optimal alternative should be chosen by considering economics and operability, via examining the time for repair and the aspect of management all together on the basis of this study.

본 연구는 다양한 특성을 지닌 주택의 경제적 가치를 평가하기 위해 최적의 주택 가격 결정 모형을 추정하는 것을 목적으로 한다. 이 연구는 두 가지 접근 방법으로 서울시 아파트 가격을 분석한다. 첫째, 선형회귀모형, 공간회귀모형, 그리고 다층모형 등 기존의 방법론을 기초로 주택가격 결정요인을 설명하고, 둘째, 공간적 특성을 반영한 다층모형을 새롭게 적용하여 분석 결과를 비교했다. 구체적으로 매매가격과 전세가격을 설명하는 과정에서 아파트의 물리적 특성, 해당 지역의 주변환경, 교육환경, 지역속성을 반영하였다. 연구 결과 공간적 특성을 반영한 다층모형의 설명력이 가장 높은 것으로 확인되었다. 이 연구는 기존의 부동산 관련 연구들이 공간적인 요소를 고려하지 못한다는 제약을 극복하고 가격 결정 요인 분석 결과를 통해 경제 정책 수립을 위한 주택시장 진단에 도움이 되는 지리정보를 제공할 것으로 기대된다.