The study aims to provide some plausible explanation for why Vietnamese listed companies only stop at the level of truthful presentation of information related to accounting data through the opinion of independent auditors. The information is only at the level of compliance with the requirements of Circular 155/2015/TT-BTC in form, but in essence is sketchy. What factors affect the level of voluntary disclosure of listed companies in Vietnam? In order to identify the factors affecting voluntary information disclosure on annual reports of listed companies, the study collected data on annual reports of 122 companies listed on the stock market in Ho Chi Minh City in the period 2015-2018 and uses regression analysis methods. The research presents 8 factors affecting the level of voluntary information disclosure including: Firm size, Listed time, Profitability, Solvency, Separation of board of directors and executive director, Board size, Organizational ownership and Foreign ownership. Next, the study conducted descriptive statistical analysis correlation coefficient analysis to examine the correlation and relevance of independent variables measured by the scale ratio, testing multiple linear regression model. The results of the study show that factors listed time, profitability and organizational ownership affecting voluntary information disclosure on annual reports of listed companies in Vietnam.

This study focuses on determining the impacts of organizational culture on the accounting information system and the operational performance of small and medium-sized enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City. The paper is organized in five parts: introduction, literature review, research methodology, research results, and conclusion and policy implications. Based on the samples of 353 respondents working in small and mediumsized enterprises in Ho Chi Minh City, the research employs both qualitative and quantitative methods to find the answers for research questions. Group discussion, which yields final observed variables of the factors of organizational culture is used for qualitative method. Statistics, assessment of the reliability of Cronbach's Alpha scale, exploratory factor analysis (EFA), confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) are used for quantitative procedure. The results show that mission, involvement and inconsistency in organizational culture positively affect the accounting information system of small and medium-sized firms in Vietnam. In addition, mission, involvement, adaptability and consistency in organizational culture are found to have positive impacts on the firm operational performance. Another finding of the study is that the accounting information system has a positive effect on operational performance of small and medium-sized firms in Vietnam.

Purpose: This study is to examine the intention of the elderly who live alone in the customized AI speaker for the elderly living alone to improve the quality of life service for the elderly living alone in the smart city environment. Based on the quality of life model of the elderly, this study is applied to the technology acceptance model to investigate the relationship between perceived usefulness and ease of use on the sustained use intention. Research design, data and methodology: Residents in Suwon, Gyeonggi-do, selected as candidate local governments for the Smart City Challenge Project of the Ministry of Land, Infrastructure and Transport in June 2019 to measure the perceived technology acceptance of potential users for the AI technology for the elderly living alone as part of the smart city technology. In order to evaluate the intention of using AI speaker, which is the target system of this study, a video of a chatbot using experience of elderly people living alone was produced. Results: First of all, in order for the elderly living alone to have an attitude to use AI-based speakers, there should be a perceived usefulness of the quality of life of the elderly. However, ease of use did not show any significant causal relationship to attitude toward use. In addition, the attitude toward use weakly influenced the intention to use. In other words, elderly people living alone were not likely to have a significant effect on their attitude toward use. However, feeling that AI speakers are easy to use will help to improve the quality of life, which in turn led to the attitude toward using AI speakers, which could lead to indirect effects. Finally, the perceived usefulness of quality of life was found to have a weak effect on direct use intentions. Conclusions: This study conducted a study on the technology acceptance of service environment to improve the quality of life for the specific user group who live alone in the smart seat environment. In this study, we examined the effects of AI speaker on the elderly living alone to improve the quality of life for the elderly living alone.

With the recent global urban issues such as climate change, urbanization, and energy problems, the smart city was proposed as one of the solutions in urban planning. This study introduces the smart city initiatives of South Korea by examining the recent history of smart city policies and their limitations. This case study reflects the experience of one of the countries which thrived to building smart cities as their national key industries to drive economic growth. It also analyzes the trends of the smart city using big data analysis techniques. Although there are obstacles such as economic recession, failing to differentiate from the U-city, low service level than expected smart functionality, We could recognize the current status of the smart city policies in South Korea such as 1) Korean smart city development projects are actively implemented, 2) public consensus suggests that applying advanced technology and the active role of government need, 3) a comprehensive and strategic approach with the integration and application of advanced technologies is required as well, 4) investment by both private and public sectors need to deliver social improvements. This study suggests future direction of smart city polity in South Korea in the conclusion.

This study aimed to investigate educational, social, and environmental effects of city parks on the citizens of Anyang, South Korea. The study conducted a questionnaire survey for 30 days on a sample of 1,080 Anyang residents. Parks can be used for different purposes that have benefits like improving the appeal of the local environment as well as promoting health. The respondents highlighted preferred activities including participating in events, learning eco-practices at school, volunteering, and collaborating with the government to enforce environmental quality laws. The identified effects of parks on citizens according to this study were the benefits obtained from parks in the city, the improvement of their quality of life, and enhancing the environmental quality and sustainability. The study also undertook a correlational analysis to establish the relationship between the citizens’ experience in the park and the level of satisfaction they demonstrated in the study for continuity purposes. The data collected was divided into 2 data forms entailed in a comparative analysis chart for the city’s 12 parks at different times of the day, and a clustered analysis using 4 data clusters grouped based on the profiles of survey responders. The study concluded that the educational, social, and environmental effects of the parks are significant, suggesting an array of programs that can be used to enhance urban redevelopment and showed the role of parks in environmental awareness for cities in the future.

인구와 고용의 감소, 소통의 부재, 물리적 시설의 노후화가 가속화 되어 삶의 터전으로써 도시 지역이 활력을 잃어가고 있다. 이에 도시개발계획 전략 등의 내용을 포함한 전반적인 도시 활성화에 대한 도시마케팅, 도시재생, 도시디자인 등 도시의 가치를 창출하고자 하는 연구가 지속되고 있다. 본 연구는 경기도 오산시의 인구, 사업체, 주택보급율 추이에 따른 생활권 분석과 쇠퇴진단을 통해 활성화 후보지를 선정하여 이에 따른 도시재생 활성화계획의 방향을 연구하고자 한다. 쇠퇴한 도시 지역을 환경적, 경제적, 문화․사회적으로 재생하기 위해서는 지역의 특성을 고려한 개발전략을 수립하고 다양한 산업의 진흥과 특화된 지역문화조성을 통해 지역 활성화를 도모해야 한다. 도시 활성화는 다양한 제도개선과 지역의 잠재력을 통해 지역전략특화산업의 연계를 통한 정책적 계획으로 연구되어야한다. 본 연구에서는 쇠퇴지역의 현안분석을 통해 주민주도의 지속가능한 창조도시재생 활성화 방안으로 스마트재생 커뮤니티 센터건립, 스토리텔링이 있는 거리조성, 쾌적한 주거환경 조성 등을 연구하였다. 도시재생을 추진함에 있어 물리적 요소뿐 아니라 경제・산업요소, 사회복지・문화요소, 정책・제도의 요소들을 분석하여 지속가능한 도시재생 추진을 위한 경기도 오산시만의 도시재생 활성화 방안을 수립하고자 한다.

도시상징물은 경제적 가치를 보유한 도시마케팅의 주요 수단으로도 사용되는데 도시마케팅에 성공한 대다수 도시들은 도시의 특성을 반영한 상징 조형물을 보유, 효과적으로 활용하여 관광⋅도시마케팅⋅지역경제 활성화에 기여 (예: 쿠마모토 현·시마네현(일본), 싱가폴, 벨기에 등)이 있다. 하지만 아산시는 아직 도시 상징물을 활용한 공공디자인의 부재로 인하여 도시마케팅에 있어 많은 한계점에 부딪히고 있어 공공디자인 개발이 시급한 상황이다. 이에 본 논문은 아산시 공공디자인 선호도 조사를 통해 차량디자인의 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 본 논문은 공공디자인과 상징물디자인의 정의와 아산시 차량디자인현황을 조사하여 전문가 집단의견을 수렴하고 상징물의 시내전기버스 4개와 마을버스 4개의 후보 안을 도출하였다. 선호도 조사는 1차와 2차로 진행되었으며, 각 상징물별 표현기법을 달리하여 시민을 대상으로 한 1차선호도 조사를 실시 하였으며, 2차 선호도 조사는 전문가 집단으로 진행되었다. 그 결과 정체성 그래픽 모티브 (전통, 자연, 미래, 젊음, 창조, 역동)아산시 심벌과 로고타입을 그래픽 모티브로 디자인하여 활기 넘치고 역동적인 젊은 아산을 형상화 하였다. 다양한 형태의 도형으로 역동감 있게 배치하여 미래를 향해 젊은 아산을 상징화하였다. 향후 본 논문을 토대로 향후 공공디자인 개발을 진행할 예정이다.

최근 지진 및 자연재해의 영향으로 인한 노후 건축물의 위험도가 높아지고 있으며, 이러한 시설물에 대한 정기적인 안전점검 및 유지관리의 필요성이 더욱 대두되고 있다. 특히나 소규모 노후시설물의 경우 정기적인 안전점검이 이루어지지 않는 경우가 많고, 내진성능평가가 이루어지지 않은 시설물도 많다. 본 연구에서는 준공 후 40년 이상 된 소규모 교육시설의 정밀안전점검 결과를 분석하여, 향후 유지관리 방안을 모색하고자 한다.

1990년대 이르러 세계화와 맞물려 지역발전정책은 자원 분배적 차원의 한계를 벗어나서 지역특성화를 통한 지역경쟁력 강화와 자립형 지방화에 집중하였다. 이 시기부터 지역발전에 대한 시각이 ‘개발과 성장 지향’에서 ‘문화와 환경 지향’으로 전환되고, 삶의 가치관도 물질주의적 가치에서 탈 물질주의적 가치로 이동하였다. 또한 지역민의 ‘삶의 질’, 지역 환경의 ‘쾌적성’, 지역다움 등에 가치가 중요하게 되었다. 지역발전과 관광이 연계되어 추진된 시기는 2010년 들어서라고 할 수 있다. 문화체육관광부의 관광정책이 지역을 기반으로 하는 다양한 사업들로 본격 가동되고 지역을 기반으로 하는 주민참여형 관광사업이 시작되면서 관광이 실질적으로 지역발전에 기여하고 있다고 할 수 있다.1) 그리고 광주광역시를 방문한 관광객 및 여행을 경험한 관광객을 대상으로 관광객이 선호하는 문화관광상품의 아이템과 광주광역시 이미지를 조사하고 분석을 하여서 그에 맞는 적합한 광주관광대표상품을 스토리텔링 하여 제작함으로서 많은 경험을 줄 수 있는 광주관광대표상품 전략을 세웠다. 이에 광주광역시는 관광문화산업과 연계할 수 있는 관광대표상품은 지역문화발전을 위한 특색 있는 공예산업의 생산 잠재력을 확충시킬 수 있으며, 지역의 유무형 문화자원의 가치부각과 함께 수공예산업의 발전 도모, 그리고 광주의 문화 역사에 따른 향유와 혁신을 기대하고 설득력 있는 소비문화를 제고할 것이다.

The paper aims to examine the factors affecting brand and student decision in buying fresh milk. Combining qualitative and quantitative research methods, this study used self-completed questionnaires to investigate 520 students in Ho Chi Minh City. The results of the study show that that there are five key determinants affecting the dairy brand and student decision in buying fresh milk, including: (1) product quality, (2) fair price, (3) product promotion and customer services, (4) product convenience, and (5) reference group’s attitude to the brand. In addition, it is also found that product brand has a direct and positive impact on the student decision. The finding in this study is quite different from other existing literatures in terms of the importance level of the determinants of the student decision in buying fresh milk; specifically, in deciding to buy their fresh milk, students are often interested in the promotion and customer service, the product convenience, and the reference group for the purchase, more than in the quality and price of the product. From these findings, some managerial implications are proposed for policy-makers and relevant enterprises to have appropriate policies and strategies for their business development.

The study aims to investigate the recommendation and revisit intentions of foreign tourists in Ho Chi Minh city, Vietnam through their satisfaction with local foods. The study proposed the group of five attributes for food image: taste, health concern, price, serving style, vendor/ restaurant staffs. The relationship between these attributes of food image and food satisfaction, as well as the one between food satisfaction and behavioral intentions were investigated. To ensure a high ratio of answers, a face-to-face survey was conducted in famous places at Ho Chi Minh city. Data with 210 foreign tourists. The study uses the methods of descriptive statistics, EFA, Cronbach Alpha and regression. The results showed that Five attributes of food image were chosen for the research, being taste, health concern, price, serving style and vendors/ restaurant staffs. All of these attributes showed a positive relationship with satisfaction. Among five factors, taste had the most impact on food satisfaction. Through the analysis of several attributes of food images, this study provides managerial implications for tourism marketers in researching the positive influence of food image on tourists' satisfaction which leads to their positive word-of-mouth and return to the tourism place.

The paper aims to measure stock price volatility on Ho Chi Minh stock exchange (HSX). We apply symmetric models (GARCH, GARCH-M) and asymmetry (EGARCH and TGARCH) to measure stock price volatility on HSX. We used time series data including the daily closed price of VN-Index during 1/03/2001–1/03/2019 with 4375 observations. The results show that GARCH (1,1) and EGARCH (1,1) models are the most suitable models to measure both symmetry and asymmetry volatility level of VN-Index. The study also provides evidence for the existence of asymmetric effects (leverage) through the parameters of TGARCH model (1,1), showing that positive shocks have a significant effect on the conditional variance (volatility). This result implies that the volatility of stock returns has a big impact on future market movements under the impact of shocks, while asymmetric volatility increase market risk, thus increase the attractiveness of the stock market. The research results are useful reference information to help investors in forecasting the expected profit rate of the HSX, and also the risks along with market fluctuations in order to take appropriate adjust to the portfolios. From this study’s results, we can see risk prediction models such as GARCH can be better used in risk forecasting especially.

This study was conducted in two breeding seasons in 2017 to identify nesting habits and breeding biology of barn swallows in Daejang-dong village, Bucheon city, suburban Seoul. Among the 77 barn swallow nests studied, there were 34 breeding nests -27 in the first and 12 in the second. The reuse rate of old nests was 51.6%. In addition to tile-roofed houses (20.6%), breeding nests were most common in brick houses (38.2%) and in slate-roofed houses (26.5%). Most breeding nests were in eaves (58.8%) and front doors (32.3%). The average clutch size was 4.8±0.9 in the first and 4.3±0.5 in the second. The breeding success rate was 75.0% in the first and 58.1% in the second, considering the hatching rate and the fledgling rate. It was found that the rainy season was affected by a lack of food. At least 27 pairs of nestling barn swallows and 127 young barn swallows successfully fledged were estimated to be 181. These results show that Daejang-dong village is an important suburban habitat of the Seoul metropolitan area, and that it can be used to verify the environmental conservation value of rice fields of in the Seoul metropolitan area.

진양하씨가 터를 잡고 살아온 사곡마을은 400년이 넘는 긴 세월을 거치면서 다양한 역사와 인물, 그리고 문화가 만들어졌고, 이를 반영하는 유적들이 곳곳에 자리 잡고 있다. 그 중 기록물 관련 자료는 송정 종가, 지명당 종가, 묵와공 종중을 통해 고문서, 고서 및 책판의 형태로 남아있다. 송정 종가는 송정 하수일의 장남 琬(1588-1617)으로 이어지는 큰집 계열로, 고문서 109종 133건, 고서 149종 377책, 책판 4종 113 판을 소장하고 있다. 지명당 종가는 지명당 河世應(1671-1727)의 장자 河必淸(1701-1758)으로 이어지는 큰집 계열로, 고문서 3,518건, 고서 636종 1,444책을 소장하고 있다. 묵와공 중중은 默窩 河啓賢(1804- 1869)을 모시는 종중으로 하계현은 涵窩 河以泰(1751-1830)의 6子 (막내)이다. 하이태는 송정 하수일의 8세손이자, 석계 하세희의 증손이다. 이곳에는 수곡의 진양하씨들이 주축이 되어 간행된 『주자어류』 2,072판이 광명각에 보관되어 있다. 이상의 자료는 대부분 2003년 진주권 지역 고문헌 조사 및 2008년 경남권 목판자료 조사 등의 사업을 통해 소개되었지만, 지금까지도 특별한 주목을 받거나 별다른 연구가 이루어지지 못한 실정이다. 이는 고문헌을 소재로 활용할 때 발생하는 여러 가지 제약 때문일 것이다. 예컨대 고문서는 한문과 이두 및 초서로 이루어진 경우가 많아서 비전 문가의 접근이 매우 어렵고, 고서는 서명과 권차 및 저자 정보를 넘어 활용 가능한 전문적인 정리목록이 이루어져야 한다. 이 연구를 단초로 향후 자료의 재정리, 재촬영, 원문 자료의 탈초와 번역 등 자료의 가공과 웹 구축을 통해 관련 연구자의 관심 및 활용 가능성을 높임으로써 사곡마을과 진양하씨를 둘러싼 인물사, 사상사, 경제사 및 지역사 등 다양하고 깊이 있는 연구들이 이루어질 수 있기를 기대한다.

The paper aims to investigate the factors of brand equity affecting the purchase intention of car buyers in Ho Chi Minh City. The authors use qualitative method and quantitative research to study the matters, specifically using scales and data collected for Cronbach alpha reliability testing, analysizing the discovery factor of EFA, CFA and verifying the regression models through AMOS software with SEM linear modeling. The study proposes four factors: (1) brand awareness, (2) self-expression value, (3) perceived quality, (4) brand psychology impacting on the brand loyalty and intention to buy cars of customers. The results show that all four factors are statistically significant for positive brand loyalty and purchase willing. The results showed that brand loyalty positively affects consumers' intention to buy cars. Among the factors included in the study, the brand psychology is a new factor which developed by experts in the context of Vietnam. This is the first study in Vietnam to quantify clearly the element of "crowd psychology" affecting the interests and habits of Vietnamese consumers. This explains why Vietnamese consumers prefer brands that are familiar in the market and some new cars with nice models and colors suitable for Vietnamese psychology.

Ports play a key role in international trade, as integral hubs where passengers and cargoes are loaded, discharged, and transshipped. However, the function of ports is becoming more diversified, expanding on roles as industrial clusters, as well as logistical centers. Such roles combined, reap numerous and significant benefits, mainly with growth of jobs and wealth creation, for the local population living in the city, and beyond. Citizens’ awareness of the function and value of ports may not be positive, because of a range of negative factors such as emissions, noise, and road congestion, which can influence their perception. This study’s contribution focuses on empirically evaluating the perception of Busan citizens of the local port, by applying Q methodology. The links connecting the port-city and local population, are assessed by identifying: 1) The level of awareness of the Busan citizens of the port; 2) Factors perceived as positive as well as factors perceived as negative by Busan citizens. There are four main factors, derived from the analysis: 1) Port functional knowledge; 2) Lack of social connectedness port-city; 3) Environmentally concerned and; 4) Absent port’s ripple’s effect. Policy recommendations suggest focusing on improving citizens’ perception of the port, for each of the four main factors derived from the analysis.

Purpose - From the advanced path of development and current situation, the development of enterprises plays a tremendous role in promoting national economic growth and raising the overall national strength. Therefore, this paper aims at examining the mutual effect between small & medium enterprises and economic growth. Research design, data, and methodology - In order to address the operating mutual effect between the small & medium enterprises and economic growth more clearly, this paper sets Alibaba Group and Hangzhou as an example. Meanwhile, the annual data from 2000 to 2017 will be employed, and an empirical analysis will be performed under the vector error correction model. Results - The findings display that the total revenue of Alibaba Group has a positive effect on economic growth in city of Hangzhou. However, the Granger Causality test implies that there is only a unidirectional causality between total revenue of Alibaba Group and economic growth in Hangzhou. More specifically, 1% increase in total revenue of Alibaba Group can result in 0.272% in economic growth of Hangzhou in the long run. Conclusions - In summary, for the long run, the local governments should promulgate a series of policies to assist the small & medium enterprises like Alibaba Group to improve the local economic growth as seen in the city of Hangzhou.

일제의 추방으로 폐쇄되었던 전주 스테이션은 1947년에 복구되어 활동을 시작했는데, 1948년에는 9명의 선교사들이 활동하였다. 이들 가운데 인돈, 위인사, 조요셉 등은 노회원으로 교회들의 목회활동을 도왔지만, 주로 교육분야와 의료분야에서 활동하였다. 인돈 부부는 신흥과 기전의 교장으로, 윈과 폰테인은 한예정신학교를 위해 사역하였고, 구바울 부부와 변마지는 예수병원에서 사역하였다. 해방 후 일제에 의해 강제로 합병되었던 전주 시내 5개 교회들이 문을 다시 열면서 교회가 성장하기 시작하여 1952년에는 12개로 늘어났다. 1952년부터 기장과 예장으로 총회가 분열하면서 노회도 분열하였고, 1959년에 다시 예장 합동과 통합으로 분열하였다. 이 과정에서 1960년에 기장 전북 노회는 16개의 교회로, 통합 전북노회는 1962년에 자립 9개와 미자립 6개로 늘어났고, 합동은 1960년에 7개로 출발하였다. 인톤 선교사가 1946년 7월 귀국한 후에 신흥과 기전 학교의 복교가 추진되어 11월에 문을 열었고 1950년에 중고등학교로 분리되었다. 강흥모에 의해 1955년에 영생중학교와 영생고등학교를 인가받았고 1963년에 영생여자중학교를 인가받았다. 그 결과 1960년대에 전주에서 기독교학교가 중학교에서 차지하는 비중이 20-30%이고, 고등학교에서는 30-40%를 차지하였다. 고등교육기관은 강흥모가 세운 영생대학교와 전주공업전문학교가 오늘 날 전주대학교와 전주비전대학으로, 여자성경학교였던 한예정성경학교가 1968년에 한일여자신학교로, 예수병원의 간호기술학교는 1973년에 간호전문학교로, 기전여자고등학교에서 1974년에 기전전문학교로 발전하였다. 전주예수병원은 1948년 45병상으로 출발하여 1960년에는 160개 병상의 종합병원이자 지방거점병원으로 발전하였다. 구바울, 설대위, 켈리, 필립 등의 다양한 분야의 의사들이 진료를 하였고, 전문수련의 병원으로서의 역할을 통해 1960년대에는 외과, 이비인후과, 안과, 신경외과 등과 함께 암전문치료 병원으로 발전하였다. 전주는 미션 스테이션의 복구와 전주 장로교회들의 협력을 통해 교육과 의료의 인프라를 구축하고 많은 교회들이 설립되어 최근에도 27.6%의 높은 복음화율을 가진 도시가 되었고 많은 기독교 관광장원을 활용하여 기독교를 지역의 특성으로 활용하는 도시가 되었다.

The current higher education in Vietnam demonstrates the intense competition among local universities. Undoubtedly, the issue of enhancing the brand value to attract students is now placed at the top to Vietnamese universities. The research aims to identify the objective and subjective factors affecting the brand value of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam as mediated by students’ perceptions. This paper employs the mixed research methods and data were then analyzed by measuring Cronbach's Alpha coefficient for reliability, analyzing EFA, and using PATH model to test the experiment on the research model affecting HUTECH’s brand value. Probability sampling used is Stratified sampling and 500 students of 8 faculties of HUTECH surveyed by convenience sampling. Additionally, this paper also proposes some managerial implications on enhancing the brand value of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City. The results indicate that the new factor, namely geographic location is the most influential factor to enhance the brand value of private universities in general and HUTECH in particular. Brand still plays a determinant role in students' trust when choosing a university. Finally, some implications proposed to enhance the brand value of private universities in Ho Chi Minh City in the context of fierce competition in attracting students.

This study　suggested a vegetation　restoration plan for a coastal area where the ecosystem conservation fund return project, targeting the whole area of Dalmaji-gil, located in Haeundae, Busan. After distinguishing if it would be a proper site for the operation of the ecosystem　conservation fund return project by analyzing the ecological environment, human environment, and the current status of land owners, the target species for vegetation restoration was determined, and the facilities and programs were selected in accordance with the spatial division of the biosphere reserve. The basic direction is as follows. First, is the expansion of green space and the securement of life habitats downtown. Second, is the conservation of core areas by separating the conserved area from the space for use. Third, is the establishment of ecological resting space and the reinforcement of an ecological educational programs. The significance of this study is to suggest a vegetation restoration plan of a coastal area, fully utilizing the existing vegetation of the subject area, by suggesting the land use and flow planning, environmental improvement (vegetation restoration) plan, life habitats establishment plan, planting plan, and hydrologic plan, facilities, maintenance, and monitoring plan based on the basic direction. This study would provide useful basic data for ecosystem conservation and restoration in the Korean Peninsula, surrounded by the ocean on three sides.