Purpose – It suggests that making a policy and strategies for a way of Dubai has a strong priority strategy on science and technology by using much oil dollars to prepare risk when oil dollar’s decrease. This has been now investigated how the leading innovator has changed the periphery countries. Research design, data, and methodology – Analyze policy, status, what other neighbouring Middle East countries also want to benchmark a successful case of a leading Dubai strategy. Higher manpower is needed absolutely to develop S&T. and etc. Dubai and Arab countries establish university to nurture as well as invite the talented manpower from overseas to recover deficient manpower. Dubai built totally academy city and invited branch of the overseas famous university, and Saudi Arabia built university(KAUST) and invite faculty and support good scholarship for students. Abrab countries especially, This is studied the process of differentiating and integrating the migrant workers of these cities into the globalized cities. This has resulted in large-scale employment for foreign and local companies in these cities and the spread of science and innovation. Results – Dubai supports venture or SMEs by using a strong priority strategy and attracts foreigner’s investor, with which the neighbouring countries have been preparing together for 4th wave. It demonstrates that the gravitational model has been activated from neighboring countries of innovation science to create Dubai‘s hub. The maturity of long-term urban innovation is related to innovation capability through the national response and review. As a result, the flow of skilled international migration has been localized because of the mutual intersection with the local employment structure, and the development has spread as it spreads to neighboring countries. Conclusion – For the exploiting of new Distribution market in the neighbouring countries, Middle East countries’ a strong priority strategy on S&T and education system give an influence on economic situation of the 4th wave in the world and world order of leading by USA, Japan, or EU, and etc. This is due to the creation of clusters in the form of SEZs, friendly industrial policies and world-class infrastructure and innovation development. Its neighbours benchmark the cases of distribution of science innovation and centralizes the surrounding people.

Since climate change increases the risk of extreme rainfall events, concerns on flood management have also increased. In order to rapidly recover from flood damages and prevent secondary damages, fast collection and treatment of flood debris are necessary. Therefore, a quick and precise estimation of flood debris generation is a crucial procedure in disaster management. Despite the importance of debris estimation, methodologies have not been well established. Given the intrinsic heterogeneity of flood debris from local conditions, a regional-scale model can increase the accuracy of the estimation. The objectives of this study are 1) to identify significant damage variables to predict the flood debris generation, 2) to ascertain the difference in the coefficients, and 3) to evaluate the accuracy of the debris estimation model. The scope of this work is flood events in Ulsan city region during 2008-2016. According to the correlation test and multicollinearity test, the number of damaged buildings, area of damaged cropland, and length of damaged roads were derived as significant parameters. Key parameters seems to be strongly dependent on regional conditions and not only selected parameters but also coefficients in this study were different from those in previous studies. The debris estimation in this study has better accuracy than previous models in nationwide scale. It can be said that the development of a regional-scale flood debris estimation model will enhance the accuracy of the prediction.

본 연구의 목적은 문제중심학습 교수법을 적용한 공공예술 교육을 통해 학습자가 최종 발표한 내용에서 키워드를 추출하고 그것들의 의미를 밝혀내는 데 있다. 연구진행을 위해 <공공예술의 이해> 교과에 대해서 PBL을 적용하여 운영하고 학습자들이 최종 발표한 내용에서 키워드를 추출한 후 세 가지 범주로 분류하였다. 학습자들이 제시하는 동두천 도시재생을 위한 키워드들은 크게 콘텐츠, 도시환경, 홍보로 범주화되었다. 콘텐츠 범주에 속하는 주요 키워드는 축제, 공연 등의 이벤트 요소와 먹거리, 체험, 학습프로그램 등이었다. 도시환경 범주의 주요 키워드는 복고풍, 리디자인 등이었다. 그리고 홍보 범주에서는 SNS와 유투브 등이 주요 키워드로 추출되었다. 연구의 결과는 동두천, 특히 보산동을 중심으로 하는 원도심에 대한 학습자들의 니즈를 반영하는 것으로 해석이 된다. 학습자들은 공공미술에 대해서 PBL 학습과정을 통해 자기주도적이며 상호작용적으로 학습하였고, 학습결과를 위해 문제해결방안을 강구함으로써 도시와 관련된 다양한 문제에 대해서도 자연스럽게 학습을 할 수 있었다. 학습자들의 문제해결방안 발표내용은 이처럼 학습몰입의 결과이고, 다양한 전공자들로 구성된 다수의 팀에서 협동학습을 통해 나온 아이디어 속에 담긴 키워드이기 때문에 실질적인 니즈를 파악하는 데 의미가 있을 것으로 판단된다. 연구의 결과는 향후 동두천의 미래발전을 위한 연구에 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대한다.

지방자치제도 이후 지자체의 모습은 빠른 속도로 현대화로 발전하고 있다. 특히 IT, 인터넷, 교통의 발달로 사회적 변화가 급속하게 생기고 있으며, 지역 간의 경계도 모호해져 가고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 지자체의 고유한 가치를 대표적으로 나타내는 상징물에 대해 고찰하고, 지역의 진정한 상징물에 대한 방향성을 디자인 관점에서 제시하고자 한다. 첫째, 상징물은 지역을 나타내는 가치가 뛰어나야 하며, 가치성 있는 상징물을 지정해서 타 지역과의 차별성을 가지고 있어야 한다. 둘째, 지자체 및 주민이 상징물에 대해 능동적이고 적극적으로 관심을 가질 수 있도록 유도해야 하며, 주민들과 관광객이 상징물에 대해 공감대 형성이 이루어져야 한다. 셋째, 상징물이 있는 장소가 지자체와 연관성이 있거나 상징물의 노출이 홈페이지와 지역의 공간 속에서 자연스럽게 조화되어야 한다. 본 연구는 1990년대부터 만들어진 국내 지자체의 상징물들이 변화되는 시간 속에서도 지속가능한 상징가치를 가지고 있는지 확인하기 위해 지자체에서 사용하고 있는 상징물 현황을 고찰하고 비교분석을 통해 상징물에 대한 객관적인 판단의 기회를 얻고, 다양한 상징물이 지정되는 계기가 될 길 바란다.

The current study deals with the effect of urban growth and urbanization on temperature trends over Lahore city of Pakistan. This research was conducted using mean monthly temperature data for the period of 1950-2017. The urban population growth, urban expansion, the increase of vehicles and factories as well as the expansion of built up area have influenced on the change of temperature in Lahore city. The annual trends of temperatures have been analyzed, and their statistical significances are calculated by the linear regression method. It has been deduced that there is a close relation between temperature change and urban growth. The findings are as follows; the mean minimum temperature rises greater than the maximum temperature at urban station and rural station. However, the maximum temperature is not rising positively and thus significantly at both stations. The findings show the fact that mean minimum temperature increasing more quickly after the 1995 due to the increase of urban development in Lahore city in which the built up area has increased from 66 km² to 740 km² since 1950. A massive increase in the numbers of vehicles have also influenced on the change of temperature in the city. However, the mean maximum temperature at rural station of Lahore has significant effect during 1973-1997.

오늘날 세계 각 도시들은 도시에 내재된 유·무형의 자원에 기초하여 도시의 내재적 정체성과 상징을 확립하기 위해 노력하고 있다. 이에 따라 각 도시는 경제적 성장을 넘어 그 도시가 가지고 있는 고유의 문화와 가치를 차별화하기 위해 도시브랜드의 전략을 도입하고 있다. 중국의 경우도 대다수 도시들은 다양하고 풍부한 자연조건과 지역문화 사상을 기반으로 도시 브랜드 정체성을 확립하기 위한 노력을 도모하고 있다. 이에 본 연구는 중국의 도시브랜드 개발 사례 중 대표적 3개 도시 -항저우(杭州), 쑤저우(苏州), 시안(西安)- 의 사례연구를 통해 이를 비교·분석하였다. 이를 위해 도시브랜드와 관련된 선행연구, 문헌을 통하여 기초적인 개념을 정리하였으며, 지리 위치적 요소, 문화유산 요소, 정책 요소, CI·홍보 요소 등 4가지의 요소를 선정하여 이를 기반으로 도시가 가지고 있는 자원들을 어떻게 활용하는지를 분석하여 중국의 도시브랜드에 나 타난 상징과 의미를 파악해보았다. 중국 다른 기타 도시들도 본 연구에서 제시된 지역문화의 발굴, 과거와 현대적 문화의 융합, 사람중심, 도시이미지의 구상화에 기초하여 도시에 함축된 의의와 특유성을 찾아내어 도시의 정체성에 적합한 도시 브랜드 전략을 추진해야 할 것이다.

This study aims to explore the relationship between organizational justice and social loafing of organizations in Ho Chi Minh City through quantitative analysis from the survey data for the 228 employees are working at the Organizations in Ho Chi Minh City. The instrument of collecting data was a questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS version 22 and employing exploratory factor analysis (EFA), Cronbach's alpha, multiple regression analysis. The results showed that only two factors are Distributive justice and Procedural justice is to have the reverse effect on social loafing of employee. From the results of the study showed, Distributive justice and Procedural justice has the opposite effect of social loafing, which demonstrates that when individuals feel that their work is spent on Perform tasks in a clearly divided and they will receive a worthwhile result in the group when performing the task then the individual's collective indifference to the organization will decrease. And motivate the employee to make more efforts to work and contribute for the organization. In addition, the factor of Procedural justice also has the opposite effect of collective redundancy, which demonstrates that employees are more concerned about fairness in official policies and organizational procedures.

This study observed particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, to understand the chemical composition of particulates based on an analysis of the water-soluble ionic species contained in the particles. The mass fraction of the ionic species in the sampled PM10 and PM2.5 was 44.3% and 42.2%, respectively. In contrast, in Daegu City and Suwon City, the mass fraction of the ionic species in PM2.5 was higher than that in PM10. The chloride depletion percentage of PM10 and PM2.5 in Jeju City was higher than 61% and 66%, respectively. The contribution of sea-salt to the mass of PM10 (5.9%) and PM2.5 (2.6%) in Jeju City was similar to that in several coastal regions of South Korea. The mass ratio of Cl- to Na+ in the downtown area of Jeju City was comparable to that in some coastal regions, such as the Gosan Area of Jeju Island, Deokjeok Island, and Taean City. The mass fraction of sea-salt in PM10 and PM2.5 was very low, and the concentration of sodium and chloride ions in PM10 was not correlated with those in PM2.5 (R2 < 0.2), suggesting that the effects of sea-salt on the formation of particulate matter in Jeju City might be insignificant. The relationship between NH4 + and several anions such as SO4 2-, NO3 -, and Cl-, as well as the relationship between the measurement and calculation of ammonium ion concentration, suggested that sea-salts may not react with H2SO4, and (NH4)2SO4 may be a major secondary inorganic aerosol component of PM2.5 and PM10 in Jeju City.

From November 2013 to December 2016, ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) was sampled in the downtown area of Jeju City, South Korea, which has seen rapid urbanization. The atmospheric concentrations of elements were measured in the PM2.5 samples. This study focused on Cd, Cr, Cu, Mn, Ni, Pb, As, Sb, Sn, V, and Zn. The concentrations of Al, Na, K, Fe, Ca, Mg, Sr, and La were also obtained for reference. The objectives of this study were to examine the contributions of these elements to PM2.5 concentrations in downtown Jeju City, and to investigate the inter-element relationships and the elemental sources by using enrichment factors and principal components analysis (PCA). A composition analysis showed that the 19 elements constituted 6.65 % of the PM2.5 mass, and Na, K, Al, Fe, Ca, Mg, and Zn constituted 98 % of the total ion mass. Seasonal trend analysis for the sampling period indicated that the concentrations of the elements increased from November to April. However, no substantial seasonal variations were found in the concentrations of the elements. The composition ratios of some elements (Cu/Zn, Cu/Cd, Cu/Pb, V/Ni, and V/La) were found to be out of range when compared to the literature from other urban areas. The ratios between the elements and the PCA results showed that local contaminant sources in Jeju City rarely influence the composition of PM2.5. This suggests that the major sources of PM2.5 in Jeju City may include long-range transport of fine particulate matter produced in other areas.

In this study, the ion index characteristics of small and medium urban land use types were investigated in the city of Chungju. The average temperature for each land use type was in the order: general commercial district (29.59℃) > general residential district (28.34℃) > productive green district (28.31℃). The average relative humidity was in the order: productive green district (70.12%) > general residential district (69.93%) > general commercial district (66.48%). The average wind speed was in the order: productive green district (0.95 m/s) > general commercial district (0.87 m/s) > general residential district (0.54 m/s). Positive and negative ions were investigated to determine the ion index by land use type. The average amount of positive ion generated was in the order: general commercial district (737 ea/cm3) > general residential district (492 ea/㎤) > productive green district (445 ea/㎤). The average negative ion production decreased in the order: productive green district (930 ea/㎤) > general residential district (754 ea/㎤) > general commercial district (744 ea/㎤). The ion index calculated from measured data can be arranged in the order: productive green district (2.09) > general residential district (1.53) > general commercial district (1.01). These results confirm the state of positive and negative ion generation in each land use type. Further, the differences in the ion index by land use type were confirmed. However, a limitation of this study is that simple summer measurements were conducted, and seasonal characteristics were not considered. Therefore, any future investigation and research should consider seasonal variation characteristics.

Plastics, such as fiber-reinforced plastics (FRP), from vessels, nets, ropes and buoys that are found in marine materials are refined by various factors in the ocean. These microplastics are present in the surface, middle, deep and sedimentary layers of the ocean depending on their physical and chemical properties. In this study, the distribution characteristics of microplastics in mud flats are investigated and their sources are estimated. The highest percentage of microplastics consisted of blue paint fragments, which seemed to be paint from a ship. In addition, many fibrous microplastics were found in the surface layer of the mud flats. These results suggest that low-density fibers are partially retained on the surface of mud flats during high and low tide. The differences in the amount and types of microplastics at the survey sites are considered to be influenced by the surrounding environment, such as fishing vessels and farms.

Since 2005 the landfilling of food waste has been prohibited, and many recycling facilities (private, domestic, animalfeed conversion, public composting) have been constructed and operated as waste-treatment centers. However, due to the negative attitude of users on the domestic animal feed and compost produced from food waste, the byproducts of waste have created a vicious cycle, needing treatment themselves. In addition, the London Convention prohibited the discharge of organic waste such as sewage sludge into the ocean in 2012 and of food-waste leachate in 2013. An alternative to landfilling and incineration is to treat biomass with anaerobic digestion. However, the anaerobic-digestion efficiency of the Daejeon City bioenergy facility, which has adopted a mixed digestion process of food waste and food waste leachate, has not been reproduced in other municipalities due to a misunderstanding of anaerobic digestion and a lack of operating skill. Thus, the anaerobic-digestion efficiency of the bioenergy facility in Deajeon is analyzed, and it provides basic information for the anaerobic co-digestion of organic wastes.

Purpose - Competition among cities around the world are rapidly shifting from competition of production factors such as labor costs and quality of raw materials to competition between the consumption factors such as quality of life, settlement environment, culture, and place. The entry into the era of competition between consumption factors is not only attracting investment for strengthening city competitiveness, but also actively inducing urban image reconstruction and new image making. Therefore, various studies related to urban marketing are being carried out. The object of this study is to investigate the effect of city brand image on city brand recognition and city loyalty based on the questionnaire of external citizens about Changwon city. Research design, data, and methodology - The data were collected from 200 Seoul and Busan citizens. Reliability and exploratory factor analysis were conducted through the SPSS program, and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were conducted by using the AMOS program. Results - As a result of the hypothesis test, six hypotheses were adopted among the nine hypotheses. In summary, pleasant image, dynamic image, and good administrative image have a significant positive impact on city brand recognition. The magnanimous image did not have a significant effect on city brand recognition. In the impact of city brand image on city loyalty, magnanimous image and good administrative image had significant positive impact on city loyalty. Pleasant images and dynamic images did not significantly affect city loyalty. In addition, city brand recognition positively influenced city loyalty. Conclusions - First, it is possible to say that there is an academic significance of this research in its contribution to regional revitalization by investigating mutual influences in urban aspect by combining place marketing with image, recognition, and loyalty. Secondly, kinetic images such as pleasant image and dynamic image have more influence on recognition, and static images such as magnanimous images have more influence on loyalty. So, further research will be necessary to establish theories. Finally, In order to increase city brand recognition and city loyalty to local city, efforts should be made to improve urban images such as pleasant image, magnanimous image, dynamic image, and good administrative image.

한국은 관광지 개발 및 지역에 대한 상권개발 발전이 상당히 빠른편이며 그에 따라 트랜드 및 기타 변화에 민감한 나라이다. 대규모 프랜차이즈나 상업자본이 들어오면서 매우 유동적이며 이동이 많아지는 상권이 될수록 기존 고유의 지역특성 및 독립문화가 상실된다. 무분별한 패션거리나 주류 및 식음료 등의 소비문화공간으로 변화되면서 임대료는 무한히 치솟게 된다. 결국 원주민이 내몰리면서 지역 정체성을 잃게 되어 젠트리피케이션(둥지내몰림) 현상이 일어난다. 이러한 문제 해결을 위한 방향성을 고유 지역의 지속가능한 발전으로 지역의 주민과 건물주 임차인이 함께 나아갈 수 있는 상생도시를 향해 나아가야 할 것이다. 상생도시로서 지역주민의 발전에 문화예술교육을 접목시켜 주민과 함께하는 지역으로 더 큰 발전을 이룰 것이라 생각한다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 젠트리피케이션이 발생한 지역의 국내외 사례 분석 및 젠트리피케이션 방지 대책 지역 사례를 분석하였다. 젠트리피케이션 징후가 일어나는 지역을 과학적 데이터를 통해 조사된 성동구를 지정하여 젠트리피케이션을 넘어 지속가능발전구역에 대한 브랜드 디자인을 제안하였다. 지속가능발전구역인 성동구는 브랜드 아이덴티티 구축을 통하여 브랜드 전략 및 슬로건, 브랜드 키워드, 색상 스타일 방향을 설정하여 디자인 컨셉안을 제시하였다. 본 연구를 통하여 성동구는 건물주와 상인, 지역의 상생협약을 통해 지속적인 상권 유지와 원활한 참여를 위한 조례와 제도, 문화를 만들어 가는데 도움이 될 것이라 생각한다. ‘지속가능한 상생도시를 위한 젠트리피케이션 브랜드 디자인 제안’으로 성동구 지역의 긍정적인 정책 심볼 이미지 구축 및 성동의 발전 활성화에 도움이 되었으면 한다.

현재 중국의 경제가 고속도로 발전함에 따라 중국 대륙의 도시들이 자신의 경쟁력을 높이고 더 많은 기회를 잡기 위해 도시 이미지 로고의 구축과 홍보를 갈수록 중시하고 있다. 본 연구는 중국 대륙의 성급(省级)행정구역의 성도 도시 로고를 선택하여 로고 형태와 로고 색채 등 두 가지 요소에 중심을 두고 로고 디자인의 기본적 함의, 로고의 형태, 색채의 표현기법과 지역 특징을 결합시켜서 홍콩의 도시 브랜드 로고와 비교 분석을 하였다. 본 연구는 홍콩의 도시 브랜드 로고 시스템이 도시의 전체 이미지와 함의를 향상시키는 데 발휘하는 역할을 논술하면서 홍콩 도시 브랜드의 성공 요인과 중국 대륙도시 이미지 로고 디자인의 현황 및 특징을 정리하였다. 또한 중국 대륙 도시 로고 이미지 디자인 분야에 존재하는 문제점을 비교 분석하고 이런 부족함이 생긴 구체적인 원인도 밝혀냈다. 이를 통해 시사점을 얻어 앞으로의 도시 로고 디자인이 도시 브랜드 이미지를 더욱 잘 보여줄 수 있도록 참고를 제공하기를 기대한다.

This study was conducted for the purpose of deriving implications by observing the changing patterns and characteristics of the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity with Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do as the subject. In order to achieve this goal, we first examined the problems and possibilities of farmland reduction area in urban vicinity through a theoretical review. Additionally, the characteristics of land use and community were examined for Gimhae city, Gyeongsangnam-do. The results of the study are summarized as follows. First, for 35 years from 1981 to 2015, Gimhae decreased 50.52㎢ of farmland, which is about 17.4 times that of Yoido, and about 69.4% of the decreased farmland area. Second, the decrease in agricultural land has been expanding to the whole of Gimhae City from 1990 to 2010, and has been continuing since 2010 around dong-area. Third, in the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity, the number of settlements increases rapidly, but the aging population also increases. Fourth, the composition of the community is getting complicated with the change of the members. Taken together, it is necessary to manage the area efficiently because rapid change is present in the farmland reduction area in urban vicinity. Based on this, the implications are summarized as follows. First, there is a change in land use due to the reduction of farmland not designated as agricultural development region. Therefore, it is necessary to supplement the farmland-conversion standard. Second, despite the fact that land use management has been carried out, there have been problems such as uncontrolled development due to the development pressure beyond institutional management, and therefore it is necessary to improve the structural defects of the pertinent legal system. Fourth, while the traditional farming activities are decreasing with the decrease of agricultural land area, the increase in farms with secondary jobs and the urban-rural interchanges organization’s efforts can lead to increased visits from outsiders that seek rural tourism and experiential learning.

This study was conducted to investigate the changes in the frequency of use, users’ behaviour and satisfaction of Seonhaksan and Bibongsan mountains near city center improved through the park and green spaces projects implemented by Jinju City Hall from 2004 to 2016. The number of visitors per day was measured by observation surveys in 2004 and 2016. The users’ behaviour and satisfaction were measured by questionnaires in 2004 and 2017. The collected data were analyzed by frequency analysis and independent sample t-test. The number of visitors per day increased about two times on weekdays and more than 2.5 times on weekends in 2016 than in 2004. Relatively the number of male visitors increased more than that of female visitors. The share of elderly visitors has increased and the number of visitors who live out of 1 km radius has increased. The goals of visit were changed from hiking or walking to various recreational activities, and the number of users visiting by car increased. The number of visits and the duration of visit has decreased. The inconveniences of trails and exercise facilities were significantly reduced, and the necessity of family recreational facilities fulfilled. The necessity of outdoor learning facilities and programs has not been recognized. Comprehensively, the results indicate that the recreational quality of Seonhaksan and Bibongsan mountains has improved. Further implementation of target-oriented parks and green spaces will be necessary in the future.

제임스 톰슨은 빅토리아 시대 시인으로서, 『두려운 밤』의 도시를 발표했는데, 『황무지』와 『두려운 밤』의 도시는 그 어조와 세계관 그리고 멜랑콜리적인 요소의 연관성으로 볼 때, 엘리엇은 톰슨의 작품을 염두에 두고 『황무지』를 집필한 것으로 추측된다. 실제 엘리엇이 강의했던 내용 중에 제임스 톰슨이 포함되어 있으며, 또한 엘리엇이 처음 톰슨을 읽었던 시기가 비교적 명확하게 기록되어 있는 것으로 미루어볼 때, 톰슨의 작품이 엘리엇의 문학세계를 형성하는데 중요한 바탕이 되었을 것 이다. 멜랑콜리적인 것으로 여겨지는 도상학적 이미지와 상징 그리고 전형적인 상실과 암울함 또는 희망과 구원에 대한 좌절 등이 두 작품에 공통적으로 나타나고 있는데, 『황무지』는 『두려운 밤의 도시』가 차용하고 있는 상당부분의 멜랑콜리적인 요소들을 반복하고 있다. 특히 작품의 중요한 인유로서 이용되고 있는 단테를 비롯하여, 다양한 중세회화의 도상들은 엘리엇의 『황무지』가 톰슨이 묘사하려고 했던 멜랑콜리적인 세계, 혹은 도시의 모습을 현대적으로 재현하고 있음을 보여준다.

해마다 쏟아져 나오는 신제품들을 홍보하기 위한 광고 마케팅 전쟁이 갈수록 치열해지고 있다. 특히 시장을 먼저 선도한 업체와 뒤쫓아 가는 업체들의 경쟁 또한 더욱 가열되고 있다. 대기업을 기반으로 한 회사들은 상대적으로 모기업의 브랜드 파워를 바탕으로 광고 마케팅을 해 시장진입이 그나마 쉬운 반면에 별다른 브랜드 기반 없이 시장에 진입해야 하는 지자체 농수산 브랜드들의 진입장벽은 더욱 어렵다고 볼 수 있다. 특히 제품의 신뢰와 브랜드 인지도를 높이는데 소비자와 가장 접점에 있는 패키지 디자인의 수준 격차는 선도업체와 더욱 벌어지고 있는 실정이다. 본 연구는 국내 홍삼 농가들의 해외 수출을 위한 국가경쟁력과 국내 판로 개척을 위해 현재 국내에서 가장 높은 인지도를 보이는 상위 업체 4개 브랜드 28개 제품의 패키지 디자인을 구성요소별로 조사 분석하였다. 이 자료를 바탕으로 디자인전공 2~30대 대학생 및 대학원생 98명을 상대로 한승문(2009)의 패키지 디자인 평가척도 개발에 관한 연구에서 도출한 6가지 평가기준을 대입하여 4개의 우수 패키지디자인 제품을 선별하였다. 선별한 우수 패키지 디자인을 참조하여 새로운 지자체 홍삼 브랜드 패키지 디자인을 개발하였다. 추후 제품경쟁력이 있음에도 우수한 패키지 디자인에 대한 조사 분석 없이 무분별하게 이루어지는 지자체 농수산 브랜드 업체들의 패키지 디자인 개발에 보다 효과적이고 실질적인 자료로 쓰이기를 기대한다.

This study identified physical characteristics and aerosol particle sources of PM10 and PM2.5 in the industrial complex of Busan Metropolitan City, Korea. Samples of PM10, PM2.5 and also soil, were collected in several areas during the year of 2012 to investigate elemental composition. A URG cyclone sampler was used for collection. The samples were collected according to each experimental condition, and the analysis method of SEM-EDX was used to determine the concentration of each metallic element. The comparative analysis indicated that their mass concentration ranged from 1% to 3%. The elements in the industrial region that were above 10% were Si, Al, Fe, and Ca. Those below 5% were Na, Mg, and S. The remaining elements (1% of total mass) consisted of elements such as Ni, Co, Br and Pb. Finally, a statistical tool was applied to the elemental results to identify each source for the industrial region. From a principal components analysis (SPSS, Ver 20.0) performed to analyze the possible sources of PM10 in the industrial region, five main factors were determined. Factor 1 (Si, Al), which accounted for 15.8% of the total variance, was mostly affected by soil and dust from manufacturing facilities nearby, Factors 2 (Cu, Ni), 3 (Zn, Pb), and 4 (Mn, Fe), which also accounted for some of variance, were mainly related to iron, non-ferrous metals, and other industrial manufacturing sources. Also, five factors determined to access possible sources of PM2.5, Factor 1 (Na, S), accounted for 13.5% of the total variance and was affected by sea-salt particles and fuel incineration sources, and Factors 2 (Ti, Mn), 3 (Pb, Cl), 4 (K, Al) also explained significant proportions of the variance. Theses factors mean that the PM2.5 emission sources may be considered as sources of incineration, and metals, and non-ferrous manufacturing industries.