경북 북부 지역, 낙동강 상류 배수유역의 기반암별 토양 점토광물의 분포 특성을 이해하기 위하여, 준정량광물학적 분석을 실시하였다. 화강암류 분포지역에는 캐올리나이트와 스멕타이트가 다른 기반암 지역에 비하여 상대적으로 많이 함유되어 있었다. 퇴적암 지역 토양에는 일라이트의 함량이 다른 점토광물에 비해 월등히 높고, 캐올리나이트, 스멕타이트, 전이형(녹니석-스멕타이트 혼합층 및 층간수산기 질석 등) 광물들이 소량 수반된다. 변성암류와 화산암류 지역은 일라이트와 캐올리나이트 함량이 화강암류와 퇴적암류 지역의 중간 정도이나, 전이형 광물의 함량이 조금 더 높았다. 토양 점토광물의 조성은 기반암의 광물조성 및 각 광물의 풍화도 차이와 관련성이 있다. 화강암류 지역 토양의 높은 캐올리나이트 함량은 사장석의 풍화작용에 기인하나, 국지적으로 높은 스멕타이트 함량은 모암의 부분적인 열수변질작용과 관련된 것으로 추정된다. 퇴적암 지역 토양에 특히 풍부한 일라이트는 대부분 모암에서 잔류한 것이다.

As analyzed the estimated values of the daily delivery loads from thirteen major side streams such as Naesung-river, Keumho-river, Hwang-river, Nam-river during five years (from 1999 to 2003), the daily BOD inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 31.1 ton and the daily BOD inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 26.7 ton, 22.5 ton, 21.0 ton, 25.8 ton, respectively. The daily TN inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows also the highest quantity as 64.9 ton and the daily TN inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 55.19 ton, 46.27 ton, 39.5 ton, 53.38 ton, respectively. The daily TP inflow into the main stream of Nakdong river in 2003 shows the highest quantity as 2.70 ton likewise and the daily TP inflows in 1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002 are 2.17 ton, 1.87 ton, 1.60 ton, 2.10 ton, respectively. The rate of BOD loads from each side main stream into the main stream of Nakdong river shows that the BOD loads of Keumho-river are the highest as the values range from 32.8 % (2002) ～ 35.1 % (2003) and the BOD loads of Nam-river, Naesung-river, Hwang-river are high in the order named. The rate of TN loads to the main stream is also similar to the trend of BOD loads. The contribution of the TN loads of Geumho-river to the contamination of the main stream is also the highest having a range from 27.0 % (2002) to 28.8 % (1999) among the main side streams and the TN loads of Naesung-river, Nam-river, and Heachun-river are high in the order named. The rate of TP loads is quite different from the trend of BOD and TN loads. The TP rate of Keumho-river, however, is still the highest as ranging 58.6 % (2002) to 61.7 % (2003) and the river has the biggest portion (over 50%) of the entire pollution to the main stream of Nakdong river.

본 연구에서는 미계측 유역의 유량 산정 및 평가를 위해 강우, 유출 및 댐 및 물이용 요소를 포함한 유역통합 수문모형(SWAT-Nak Dong)을 낙동강 전체 유역을 대상으로 구축하고, 유역내 댐방류 및 인위적인 물이용 요소를 고려한 물수지 시나리오에 따른 유황변동을 정량적으로 파악하는데 그 목적이 있다. 본 연구에서 적용한 SWAT 모형은 대규모 복잡한 유역에서의 장기간에 걸친 토지관리, 기후 변화 등에 따른 수자원 및 비점오염 평가, 관리를 위해 1

The delivery load data obtained from Nakdong river basin are used for developing the model estimating the daily delivery load on the main side streams of Nakdong River. The developed model assesses the daily contamination loads of the main thirteen side streams that contribute to the main stream of Nakdong river. It is developed that the model using the simplified equation that can estimate the daily delivery loads on the side main streams of Nakdong river for a period of having no data of the water quality and flow. The developed model for estimating the daily delivery loads from the main side streams in Nakdong river basin on each item such as BOD, TN, and TP is expressed as Daily delivery load (kg / day) = Production load (kg / day)×(1−α)×(daily runoff / average runoff per year)γ. The estimated values obtained by using the model are almost fit to the calculated values (real data) that have been acquired from the thirteen main side streams in Nakdong river basin. The correlation coefficient values, R, that indicate the correlation between the estimated and the calculated show over 0.7 that mean the estimated values from the used model are adapted to the real data except TN values of Nam-river, Hwang-river, Gam-river, We-river. Especially, the correlation of TP values between the estimated and the calculated implies quite a creditable data to use.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the water pollution degree in the Mid-Nakdong River watershed regarding to landcover types using GIS method. As a result of landcover classification, rate of urban appeared highly on Daegu Metropolitan city. Also, rate of agriculture showed highly in the riparian zones of the Nakdong and Guemho River and rate of forest appeared highly in the borders of the study area. To identify the groups of watershed with similar landcover patterns using the Cluster Analysis. According to the cluster analysis, the fifty sub-watersheds were grouped in three clusters, "Urban watershed", "Agriculture watershed", "Forest watershed". The proportion of urban area in each cluster had a positive correlation with water pollution degree. Otherwise, the proportion of agriculture in the Agriculture watershed had a high positive correlation with water pollution degree. Therefore, it is necessary to estimate environmental capacity of water quality considering ecological and environmental characteristics of watershed ecosystem and expand water quality monitoring systems to small stream.

The goal of this research is to evaluate landscape-ecological characteristics of watersheds in the Nakdong River Basin by using Geogaphic Information System (GIS) and landscape indices for integation of spatio-temporal informations and multivariate statistical techniques for quantitative analysis of forest landscape. Fragmentation index and change matrix techniques using factor analysis and grid overlay method were used to efficiently analyze and manage huge amount of information for ecological-environmental assessment (land-cover and forest landscape patterns). According to the results based on the pattern analysis of land-cover changes using the change detection matrix between 1980s and 1990s, addition on 750km2 became urbanized areas. The altered 442.04km2 was agricultural areas which is relatively easy for shifting of land-use, and 205.1km2 of forests became urbanized areas, and average elevation and slope of the whole altered areas were 75m and 4˚. On the other hand, 120km2 of urban areas were changed into other areas (i.e., agricultural areas and green space), and fortunately, certain amount of naturalness had been recovered. But still those agricultural areas and fallow areas, which were previously urban areas, had high potential of re-development for urbanization due to their local conditions. According to the structural analysis of forest landscape using the landscape indices, the forest fragmentation of watersheds along the main stream of the Nakdong River was more severe than my other watersheds. Furthermore, the Nakdong-sangju and Nakdong-miryang watersheds had unstable forest structures as well as least amount of forest quantity. Thus, these areas need significant amount of forest through a new forest management policy considering local environmental conditions.

The purpose of this study is to analyze the potential soil loss and hazard zone by the Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation(RUSLE) for preservation and management of land resources which is the base of ecosystem, and to grasp the relationship between RUSLE factors in the Nakdong River Basin. All thematic maps used in RUSLE are constructed through GIS and spatial analysis method derived from digital topographic maps, detailed soil maps, land-cover maps, and mean annual precipitation of 30 years collected respectively from National Geographic Information Institute, National Institute of Agricultural Science and Technology, and Ministry of Environment. The slope length of LS-factor that takes much times by the study area's wideness was calculated automatically through AML(Arc Macro Language) program developed by Van Remortel et al.(2001, 2003). The results are as follows; First, according to the soil loss estimation by the RUSLE, it shows that approximately 82% of the study area have relatively lower possibility of soil loss which is the 1 ton/ha in annual soil loss. While, 9.4% (2,228km2) needed intensive and continuous management for soil loss. Because the amount of their annual soil loss was greater than 10 ton/ha that is optimum level suggested by Morgan(1995). For these areas, the author believe that a new approach which can minimize environmental impacts from soil loss through improvement of cultivation process and buffer forest zone should be applied. Second, according to the relationship between the RUSLE factors, topographical(LS-factor) and cover management(C-factor) conditions have a lot of influence on soil loss in case of the Nakdong River Basin. However, because of RUSLE factor's influence that affect to soil loss might be different based on the variety of spatial hierarchy and extent, it is necessary to analyze and evaluate factor's relationship in terms of spatial hierarchy and extent through field observations and further studies.

이 연구에서는 49년간 (1954-2002년) 한반도 기상 관측소 자료로부터 한강과 낙동강 유역의 유역평균 월강수량 시계열의 변동에 대한 기후특성을 분석하였다. 비록 두 유역의 연강수량의 크기는 차이가 있으나 월별 변동 특성은 매우 유사하였다. 특히 4월 유역평균 강수량은 감소 경향이 뚜렷하였고, 8월 유역평균 강수량은 증가 경향이 매우 뚜렷하였다. 또한 1970년 중반에 유역평균 월강수량의 변동에 변화가 나타났다. NINO3 지수와 한강과 낙동강 유역

수자원 분야에서 대부분의 수문해석은 강우자료의 수집 및 분석으로부터 시작되며, 지점 강우량으로부터의 면적 평균강우량 추정 및 결측치에 대한 자료보완 기법은 여러 가지가 있다. 이러한 강우분석 기법으로 기존에 사용되어온 티센법 및 RDS법은 전통적인 자료보완 기법으로 매개변수의 특성이 관측소간 거리에만 의존하며, 공간적인 연속성을 가질 수 없다는 단점이 있다. 본 연구에서는 이러한 전통 기법들의 단점을 보완하고 강우의 공간적인 통계특성을 반영하기 위하여

본 연구는 비선형성이 강한 강우-유출의 특성을 고려하여 홍수시 하도의 유출을 예측하고 하천유역의 홍수예경보에 이용하기 위하여 신경망 시스템의 모형화 가능성을 검증하였다. 신경망을 이용한 실시간 하도홍수 예측모형(Neural River Discharge-Stage Forecasting Mudel; NRDFM)은 낙동강 유역의 왜관 및 진동 지점의 홍수량 예측에 적용하였다. NRDFM에 의한 하도홍수량의 왜관 및 진동 지점 예측결과를 실측치와 비교검토한 결

본 연구에서는 홍수시 다목적댐의 효율적 운영을 위하여 상류로부터 유입되는 홍수유입량을 실시간으로 예측하기 위해 역전파 신경망 모형을 사용하여 댐유입량 예측모형(Neural Dam Inflow Forecasting Model; NDIFM)을 개발하였다. NDIFM은 다목적댐에 의한 하류의 홍수조절 비중이 큰 낙동강의 남강댐 유역에 적용하였으며, 입력자료로는 댐유역 평균강우량, 실측 댐유입량, 예측 댐유입량 통을 사용하여 실시간 댐유입량 예측의 가능성을 검

In general, the evaluation of water supply capacity is important factor to establish various establishment of water resource supply plan include water resource security and determination of dam's mass. But former researchs about estimation of water supply capacity were lack in continunity of evaluation basis, and didn't excute analysis on reliability criteria also. In this study, Nakdong river was selected for study basin, and then water supply capacity was analyzed by HEC-5 model using identical reliability criteria.

하천에서의 수질변동을 예측하기 위해 FOEA(First-Order Error-Analysis)와 Monte Carlo 모의를 적용한 추계학적 모형을 개발하였다. 영향메트릭스(Influential matrix)를 이용한 민감도 분석을 실시하여 주요 반응계수를 결정하였고, BFGS(Broyden-Fletcher-Goldfarb-Shanno) 최적화 기법을 사용하여 주요 반응계수 값을 산정하였다. 본 모형을 확정론적 수질해석과 동일한 실제 하도구간에 적용하여

A macroeconomic minimodel was simulated to suggest the public policy for sustainable use of Nakdong River Basin. The minimodel for the simulation shows the interrelationships between natural environment and economic activity. Topsoil, water, economic assets, and money stock are plotted for 300 years, beginning with 1996 in each simulation. The computer simulation runs suggest that the Nakdong River Basin system in the near future may strongly be influenced by the favorable availability of outside resources, while the economic assets and money stock may be declined by indigenous environmental stock depletion. The simulation run made under the constant decrease in systems purchased inputs with investment ratio of developed country and for sustainable use. The results of simulation shows the recover of natural environment and decrease of economic activity under these condition. Therefore, the economic structure of Nakdong River Basin should be transformed from the present industrial structure to the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept which depend on renewable resources rather than industrial structural which depend on outside resources.

The conflicts between environment protection and economic development are becoming increasingly important in environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin. A science-based evaluation system is now needed to represent both the environmental values and the economic values with a common measure. EMERGY, spelled with an "m" evaluates both the work of river and that of human in generating products and services. The monetary cost-benefit analysis and the environmental accounting by EMERGY analysis were applied to determine whether there will have a net benefit in environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin. Based on the results of the environmental accounting, all alternatives which related to environmental decision making of Nakdong River Basin show that more and more of EMERGY cost becomes needed than the EMERGY benefit from getting water to drink in the lower basin. From these results, for selecting alternatives to manage water quantity and quality that is sustainable in the environmental use and economic development, environmental accounting concepts must be considered, and the economic structure of Nakdong River Basin should be changed from the present industrial structure to social-economic structure based on ecological-recycling concept for the sustainable use of Nakdong River.

An EMERGY analysis of the main energy flows driving the economy of humans and life support systems consists of environmental energies, fuels, and imports, all expressed as solar emjoules. Total EMERGY use(720.0 E20 sej/yr) of the Nakdong River Basin is 96 per cent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. EMERGY flows from the environment such as rain and geological uplift flux accounted for only 4 percent of total EMERGY use. Consequently, the ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources was large, like other industrialized areas. EMERGY use per person in the Nakdong River Basin indicates a moderate EMERGY standard of living, even though the indigenous resources are very poor. Population of 6.66 million people in 1996 is already in excess of carrying capacity of the basin. Carrying capacity for steady state based on its renewable sources is only 0.226 million people. EMERGY yield ratio and environment loading ratio were 1.07 and 28.52, respectively. EMERGY sustainability index, a ratio of EMERGY yield ratio to environment loading ratio, is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. This study suggests that the economic structure of the Nakdong River Basin should be transformed from the present industrial structure to the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept for the sustainable use of the Nakdong River.

땅콩의 착협비대기인 '98. 8. 5 - 8. 6 사이 2일간 207 mm에 달하는 집중호우에 의거 침수피해가 발생된 지역에서 약 1개월 후 시료를 채취하여 땅콩의 생육, 수량 및 품질변화에 대하여 조사한 결과, 주경장, 분지장, 생체중 등 지상부 생육과 종실수량은 침수일수가 길수록 현저히 감소되었고, 침수기간이 1일 정도 짧아도 침수기간 3일과 큰 차이없이 피해가 컸으며 땅콩종실의 저장기간중 지질의 산패율은 침수일수가 길수록 산패가 빨랐고, 불

In this study, the regional frequency analysis is used to determine each subbasin drought frequency with reliable monthly precipitation and the L-Moments method which is almost unbiased and has very nearly a normal distribution is used for the parameter estimation of monthly precipitation time series in Nakdong river basin. As the result of this study, the duration of '93-'94 is most severe drought year than any other water year and the drought frequency is established as compared the regional frequency analysis result of cumulative precipitation of 12th duration months in each subbasin with that of 12th duration months in the major drought duration. The Linear regression equation is induced according to linear regression analysis of drought frequency between Nakdong total basin and each subbasin of the same drought duration. Therefore, as the foundation of this study, it can be applied proposed method and procedure of this study to the water budget analysis considering safety standards for the design of impounding facilities large-scale river basin and for this purpose, above all, it is considered that expansion of reliable preciptation data is needed in watershed rainfall station.

낙동강 유역의 용수수급 불균형을 해결하기 위한 한 대안으로서 한강과 낙동강 유역을 서로 연계하여 한강에서 낙동강 유역으로의 물이동 가능성을 검토하였다. 검토방법으로는 낙동강 유역의 용수부족량을 추정한 뒤 한강 유역에서의 여유량을 모의기법과 최적화기법을 사용하여 추정하였다. 모의기법으로는 HEC-5를 사용하여 중,소규모댐을 검토하고, 최종적으로 동적계획법을 사용하여 다목적댐에 대하여 검토하였다. 또한, 경제적 측면에서 한강-낙동강 유역간 물이동과 낙동강

본 연구에서는 낙동강유역 진동, 현풍, 왜관 지점의 연평균 유량자료에 대하여 다변량 추계학적 모형올 적용하여 가뭄특성을 해석하였다. 추계학적 모형으로는 다변량 자기회귀 (MAR) 모형과 다변량 contemporaneous 자기회귀 (MCAR) 모형올 사용하였으며, 잔차계열의 왜곡도 검사, 계열상관도(correlogram) 등의 적합도 검정을 통하여 MCAR(1) 모형과 MAR(1) 모형올 적정 모형으로 선정하였다. 또한 MCAR(1) 모형과 MAR(1)