The purpose of this study is to investigate the dietary patterns and behaviors of self-boarding college students in Wonju. This survey was carried out through questionnaries and the subjects were 118 man and 145 woman students of five colleges in Wonju. The results of this study were summarized as follows: 1. The students who live in Kangwon Province, reaching 49.0% of the subjects, are the most prevalent. In the frequency of homecoming, 'twice a month' is the greatest. One-room system is the most prevalent in the self-boarding patterns. 2. 90.8% of the students have the electric rice cooking pot. Portable gas range, gas range, electric stove, in this order, are more general as cooking appliances. Specially, more than half of students, either male or female, have refrigerators. 3. 80.4% of students cook their own meal. 'once a day' in cooking frequency is the most prevalent. 4. The students, either male or female, prepare breakfast and dinner for themselves at home, and have lunch at the school cafeteria. They choose boiled rice mostly at any mealtime. 5.In the frequency of drinking, 'three times a week' in man students and 'two or three times a month' in woman students are the most prevalent. The drink shop and their own self-boarding room are most preferred as the place for drinking in the both case of male and female. 6. In the quantity of drinking of male students, 'more than three bottles of Soju', 'two bottles of Soju', and 'one bottle of Soju', in this order, are recorded more frequently and in the case of female students, comes 'one bottle of Soju' and 'one bottle of beer' in that order. 7. Male students drink to have a dim consciousness and female students to feel good. In this case there are differences. 8. After drinking in the previous night, more female students have a breakfast than male. While more female students have any kind of food, most of male students have a broth to relieve hangover or ramyun. 9. The causes for no breafast after drinking were 'rising late', 'stomachache', 'habits' in this cider. 10. After students self-examine their own health, they express their health state as 'usual', 'very healthy' 'not healthy' in this order. Most of male and female students point out the stomach as a painful part.

This study examined the relationship between mothers' consciousness of diet and their infant feeding methods and weaning practices. Consciousness of diet analyzed from 17 questions concerning the attitudes and opinions of diet was classified into 6 categories using the factor analysis. These categories were the faithfulness of diet, the health-directed dietary practices, the application of health information, the application of information about food and nutrition, the sincerity to meal preparation, and dietary habits. The 400 mothers selected randomly from Wonju area were surveyed. The results obtained from the study were summarized as follows. Weaning was implemented earlier by the group with better education career and with the exact knowledge of weaning. Factors associated with infant feeding methods included some sociodemographic characteristics such as birth order, mothers' employment state and income level and mothers' effort toward faithfulness of diet. The use of health-foods and nutrient supplements were prefered by the groups used bottle-feeding method. The health condition of the infants was influenced by mother's will to carry out the health information rather than infant feeding methods and weaning foods used. Mothers who perceived the importance of diet for health and consumed more milk had healthier babies, and their dietary habits were more favorable. The subjects who self-recognized the meaning of weaning and who believed that earlier weaning was good for baby or delayed weaning was the cause of anemia and poor appetite, took advantage of the information about food and nutrition as well as prefered the health-directed dietary practices. Mothers who retried to feed the weaning food rejected by baby before, applied the dietary information to the real meal management more actively and had a more desirable dietary habits. In those cases the baby had improved health condition. Those who were interested in the meaning of weaning and the nutritious effect of weaning foods, revealed significantly higher tendency on the performance of cooking information and the more confidence to the health information from advertisement.

The purpose of this study was to find out how much they have several aspects of food related knowledge and eating behaviors of high school students in Sungnam area. The self-administrated questionnaire was used. The result were as follows: 1. The average height of boys and girls was 172.6±0.7 cm and 156.3±1.5 cm respectively. The average weights of them were 62.4±0.5 kg (male) and 47.2±0.8 kg (female). BMI (Body Mass Index) of them were 20.74±0.14 (male), 18.82±0.28 (female). The average age is 16.7 years old. 2. The 66.5% of the subjects were spent more than one-third of their pocket money in buying on light meals during three times a week. There were significant differences between income level of family. Boys spent more money on each meal than girls. And significant differences were also obserbed by their residence area and Bundang residences spent more in buying snacks. 3. The rate of skipping meals was 51.2% in boys compared with 68.0% in girls. The frequencies of buying snacks instead of main meal were high in girls. Time limits in eating may possibly be the main reason for skipping meals (59.8%), especially in the morning. Skipping a breakfast becomes general eating habits in high school students, because of pressure for time to go to school. 4. It is required that parents should be taught to prepare balanced lunch box for their children because the rate of students who prepared two lunch boxes are 49.4%. 5. The students took snacks once or twice a day. They usually bought snacks in school concessions (51.8%) and they selected items of snack instinctivly. The girls ate snacks during lunch break time (31.7%) and after dinner (23.6%). Boys ate snacks after dinner (29.1%). Preference of foods were different by sex. Boys preferred bread (31.7%), milk and otherdairy products (80.8%), cola and soda (42.0%) as their snacks between meals. Girls selected biscuit, chip, beverage, coffee as their snacks, frequently. 6. BMI value of the group who ate between meals more than three times a day was lower (18.78±0.65) than that of the group who ate nothing between meals (20.71±3.79). 7. As for the nutritional knowledge, the students generally had higher correct rate of answer about which nutritive components of food has (76.6%). But they had lower knowledge on questions of nutritive values in food (10.6%). There was a meaningful relation between favorite food and nutritional knowledge. In conclusion, there were some problems on nutritional knowledge and eating habits among the high school students. Therefore, it was required that girls should be learned to recognize the importance of breakfast and needed to select balanced meals and snacks. And it was required that the nutrition education should be complemented to motivate and improve practical eating behaviors.

The purpose of this study was to survey several aspects of food-related knowledge, attitude and behavior of college students. Seven hundred male and female students in Seoul and Kyunggi-do area were randomly selected. And self-administered questionnaires were used. It was consisted of weight concern, nutritional knowledge, meal frequency, preference of snacks and psychological aspects of eating behaviors. The results were as followes: 1. The 66.5% of males and 87.9% of females were concerned about weight control. While 42% of male respondents wanted weight gain and 43% weight loss, most of female respondents wanted to lose weight. 2. The score of nutritional knowledge of males was significantly lower than the score of females (p<0.01). 3. The meal frequency was 3.4 times a day for male students and 3.6 for female students. But males showed higher frequency rates in three regular meals and females showed higher rates in snacking. Both male and female students considered that supper was the most important meal of the day and skipped breakfast frequently. 4. Fruits, beverage and milk were favorite snacking items for college students. But there were some differences in selection of food items by snacking time. Carbonated drinks and coffee were frequently selected by morning male and female snackers. Noodles and cookies were preferred by males and cookies were preferred by females as afternoon snack. Fruits were most often preferred by both males and females in the evening. 5. Physical tiredness and/or psychological factors were observed to influence the amount of food intake. After increase of food intake, male students felt more comfortable than female students who were afraid of their weight gain.

A survey was made, from May to June 1991, to reveal the current situation of the meal management of the homemakers in Jeonbuk area. The results obtained from 464 homemakers were summerized as follows. The meal expenses were planned and managed mostly by the homemakers (93.3%). The 31.1% homemakers expended 200,000-300,000 Won a month for meals and the average expenditure was 294,106 Won. Among the homemakers who responded, the 34.0% managed their account books for meal expenses. With decreasing age(p<0.05), increasing education level (p<0.001), and increasing the income(p<0.01), the number of those who managed the account book tended to be higher. Usually they bought their foods at the market place (52.1%) and they did every other days(33.2%). The 46.9% planned what to buy and chose the best ones among the foods they planned to buy at the market. The percentage of those who prepared their menus planned in advance was only 5.5%. The most homemakers cooked for themselves (96.8%). On cooking and buying foods, the 48.2% considered their husbands first and the 64.4% regarded the tastes and needs of their families as the most important thing. The majority (66.2%) regarded the dinner as the most important among those three times of meals. The 39.6% prepared Kimchi twice a month. The foods they prepared for each meal were usually 4-5 kinds (43.2%). Mostly they prepared meals three times a day (49.1%). The average times spent in preparing and cleaning the tables for lunch and breakfast were 41.6, 96.2 minutes respectively. The homemakers who had jobs tended to spend less time in preparing and clearing the tables than those who had not (p<0.01, p<0.001). The 58.0% had complaints in that the food prices were too high and their moneys for meal preparation were insufficient and the 16.6% had difficulty in satisfying the tastes of their families.

This study was carried out to examine the improvement plan by analyzing the characteristics of imported wastes, operation rate, and benefits of energy recovery for incineration facilities with a treatment capacity greater than 50 ton/ day. The incineration facility capacity increased by 3,280 tons over 15 years, and the actual incineration rate increased to 2,783 ton/day. The operation rate dropped to 76% in 2010 and then rose again to 81% in 2016. The actual calorific value compared to the design calorific value increased by 33.8% from 94.6% in 2002 to 128.4% in 2016. The recovery efficiency decreased by 29% over 16 years from 110.7% to 81.7% in 2002. Recovery and sales of thermal energy from the incinerator (capacity 200 ton/day) dominated the operation cost, and operating income was generated by energy sales (such as power generation and steam). The treatment capacity increased by 11% to 18% after the recalculation of the incineration capacity and has remained consistently above 90% in most facilities to date. In order to solve the problem of high calorific value waste, wastewater, leachate, and clean water should be mixed and incinerated, and heat recovery should be performed through a water-cooled grate and water cooling wall installation. Twenty-five of the 38 incineration facilities (about 70%) are due for a major repair. After the main repair of the facility, the operation rate is expected to increase and the operating cost is expected to decline due to energy recovery. Inspection and repair should be carried out in a timely manner to increase incineration and heat energy recovery efficiencies.

본 연구에서는 대한민국 난민법 제정과 시행에 따라 현 시점의 난민아동 생활실태를 짚 어보고 그 대안으로서 교육적인 방안을 모색하고자 하였다. 연구 목적의 효과적인 달성을 위하여 난민아동 교육관여자 12명과 면담을 실시하였고, 면담자료와 관련 문헌 연구를 바 탕으로 근거이론을 통해 접근하는 질적 연구를 수행하였다. 분석 결과 난민의 삶 시작, 상 실감, 순간을 살기, 심신의 스트레스, 인식부족, 정책미비, 불편한 주변세계에 대한 반응, 사 람에 대한 그리움, 교육적 접근, 사회적 지원, 회피, 긍정의 탐색, 심적 재정착, 현재와 미래 간 가교 설정, 적응과 공존, 부적응 시나리오의 16개 범주를 도출하였고 이를 토대로 인과 적 조건, 현상, 맥락, 중재적 조건, 전략, 결과로 이어지는 국내 난민아동의 생활실태와 교 육 방안에 관한 이론적 패러다임 모형을 구성하였다. 핵심범주는 ‘순간을 사는 삶에서 희망 적 존재감을 발견하고 공존의 삶으로 나아가기’로 설정하였으며 이와 관련하여 연구의 분 석 결과를 중심으로 국내 난민아동의 교육 방안에 대하여 개인, 학교, 기관, 사회 각 영역 의 실천 방안을 제안하였다.

With the changing lifestyle in the so-called IT era, smart phone era and aging society, there have been growing interestsin new types of waste. Under these circumstances, we conducted a survey on discharge of waste, focusing on smallelectrical and electronic waste (e-waste), packaging products, and lifestyle. The survey was carried out on 1,000 ordinarypeople of 19 to 60-something years old in 16 regions by the Random Digit Dialing (RDD) method. For the purchase ofsmall electrical and electronic devices, 42.4% of the respondents answered the most recent product they had bought wasa cell-phone and the most recently discarded item was also cell-phones (17.4%). In general, purchased and discarded smallelectrical and electronic items showed a similar trend. To the question on how to discard their small electrical and electronicdevices, the largest number of respondents (29.3%) answered that they return them to the store where they bought theproduct, and younger generations in their 20s and 30s, unmarried people, and students preferred to throw them intostandard plastic garbage bags. It was found that most frequently used disposable packaging products were in the orderof paper, plastic bags, paper cups, and wooden chopsticks, and take-out food containers were used on average 2.03 timesper month. Also, take-out food containers were more used by men over women, cities over rural areas, and families withthree or more members. In addition, most frequently purchased items via the internet or home shopping were found tobe in the order of clothes, food, cosmetics, and electrical and electronic devices. It is estimated that the wide use of internetis boosting purchase of a variety of items like food and cosmetics as well as clothes.

IT사회, 유비쿼터스, 스마트시대 등 생활패턴이 급변하고 있다. 스마트폰 등 전자제품의 사용이 급증하였고, 태블릿PC, 스마트 TV 등 다양한 기기가 등장하여 빠르게 성장하고 있으며, 이와 같은 제품의 성장으로 산업시장에 많은 변화를 가져왔다. 이러한 사회적 변화는 새로운 소비구조를 변화시켜 다양한 폐기물 발생을 초래하고 있으며, 새로운 형태의 폐기물 발생이 예측된다. 본 연구에서는 새로운 생활패턴에 의해 폐기물 유형 및 발생에 미치는 영향을 파악하기 위해, 소형 전기･전자제품을 중심으로 전국 16개 시도의 일반국민 1,000명에 대해 실태조사를 실시하였다. 소형 전기･전자폐기물의 구입 실태 조사 결과로는 ‘휴대폰’(42.4%)이 가장 높게 조사되었으며, 최근 폐기한 소형 전기･전자폐기물 역시 ‘휴대폰’(17.4%)이 높게 나타나, 대체적으로 구입 및 폐기한 소형 전기･전자제품의 순이 비슷한 경향을 보였다. 최근 폐기한 소형 전기･전자제품의 사용기간 조사 결과, ‘4년 이상’(46.3%)이 가장 많았고, ‘1년 이내’(8.9%)라는 응답은 가장 낮게 나타났다. 소형 전기･전자제품을 폐기한 이유로는 ‘제품이 고장이 나서’라는 응답이 51.1%로 가장 높아, ‘제품이 오래돼서’(16.7%)와 ‘신제품이 나와서’(13.8%) 등 선호도 보다는 제품 이상으로 인한 폐기가 높은 것으로 조사되었다. 사용하지 않고 보관 중인 소형 전기･전자제품의 종류에 대한 응답으로는 ‘휴대폰’이 43.6%로 가장 많아, 일반국민 5명 중 2명 이상은 ‘휴대폰’을 폐기하지 않고 가정에서 보관중인 것으로 조사되었다. 소형 전기･전자제품을 폐기하지 않고 보관하고 있는 이유에 대해 ‘나중에 필요한 경우가 발생할 수도 있기 때문에’ 폐기하지 않았다는 응답이 응답자의 절반 이상(51.6%)을 차지해, 의도적으로 폐기하지 않은 경우가 많은 것으로 나타났다. 소형 전기･전자제품을 폐기하는 방법에 대한 결과로는, ‘판매점에 반납한다’(29.3%)는 응답이 높고, 다음으로 ‘재활용업체를 통해 처리 한다’(18.5%), ‘종량제 봉투에 넣어서 버린다’(14.4%), ‘지방자치단체를 통해 처리 한다’(11.7%)의 순으로 조사되었다. 재활용업체를 통해 소형 전기･전자제품을 회수하는 것에 대해 ‘알고 있었다’는 응답은 41.7%로, 일반국민 10명 중 4명만이 소형 전기･전자제품 폐기방법에 대해 알고 있는 것으로 나타났다.