This study is analysed on corelation between topographical conditions around 36 weather stations and climate data in South Korea. As a result of analysis, the altitude above sea level shows linear negative corelation with temperature. The low relative height sites appear that sunshine duration and temperature are the lowest and precipitation and precipitation duration are bigger than average by influences of surrounding landform. The relief amount shows high positive corelation with precipitation phenomena such as precipitation, precipitation duration and cloud amount. In terms of the aspect, southern slope sites show the highest daily minimum temperature and sunshine duration, and western slope sites show daily mean and maximum temperatures. The eastern close sites appear the lowest temperature and the highest humidity. The distance from coastline shows linear negative corelation with temperature data. The far distance sites from coastline appear that temperature, precipitation and precipitation duration are the lowest. In respect of landform structures, the piedmont areas show the highest moisture related indicators. The hill areas show the lowest humidity and cloud amount and the longest sunshine duration. Temperature and wind speed are low in basin areas.

This study was conducted to evaluate the growth conditions and vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum habitatin uninhabited islands of Incheon Korea. The emergence area of Peucedanum japonicum was 4.9m distance in coastline,and altitude and slope was 7.4m and 47.5%. Soil pH, organic matter and P2O5 of habitat were 7.1, 8.3% and 29.0㎎/㎏, andcontents of K, Ca, Mg and Na were 0.66, 4.9, 3.4 and 1.13cmol+/kg, respectively. Growth plants with Peucedanum japonicumwere total 55 taxa, and Gakeuldo in uninhabited islands was the most as 25 taxa. In growth plants with Peucedanumjaponicum, plants of over 25% frequence per plot were Miscanthus sinensis, Dendranthema boreale, Lilium lancifolium,Hemerocallis middendorffii, Elymus dahuricus, Cirsium japonicum var. maackii, Asparagus schoberioides, Gypsophila oldhamiana,Cocculus trilobus, Silene aprica var. oldhamiana, Artemisia capillaris, Crepidiastrum denticulatum and Sedum oryzifolium.The vegetation of Peucedanum japonicum habitat was classified into Aster spathulifolius community, Miscanthus sinensiscommunity, Dendranthema boreale community, Setaria viridis var. pachystachys community, Cirsium japonicum var. maackiicommunity and Hemerocallis middendorffii community. According to general condition of habitat, suitable growing areaswas determined to slightly acidic from mild alkaline soils.

The object of this study is to investigate the main outline of Sujeong Lee’s thoughts of Christian faith and passionate efforts for mission to Korea from the viewpoint of the history of Christian mission through his two articles, “Confession of Faith” and “Conditions in Korea”. Sujeong Lee who became an associate member of the Korean delegation to Japan, headed by Younghyo Park(朴泳孝) arrived in Japan on September 29, 1882. He met Dr. Tsudasen(津田山), a Japanese scholar of agriculture. And he was much impressed by Tsudasen’s deep-rooted faith and sincere piety to God. As a result, he had so much interest in Christianity and dedicated to studying the Bible and various Christian books. By studying these books, he sought after the essential truth of the Christian faith. Through Japanese faithful Christians he was brought into contact with George W. Knox, Robert S. Maclay and Henry Loomis who were pioneer missionaries in Japan. And on April 29, 1883, he was examined by Yaskawa(安川亨) and baptized by George W. Knox. While he was in Japan, he devoted himself to various Christian activities and studied Christian doctrine to increase his knowledge of Christian truth and faith. As soon as Sujeong Lee found a new truth and sublime faith in Christianity, he was eager to propagate the Gospel to Korea from the bottom of his heart. When he believed in Jesus Christ he confessed his faith to the missionaries and Japanese Christians through the famous article(“Confession of Faith”, ｢信仰告白書｣) that he wrote with all his heart and soul in May 1883. And then, seven months later, he wrote another remarkable article (“Conditions in Korea”, ｢宣敎師派送呼訴文｣) on December 13, 1883 to appeal to American Christians for mission to Korea. From the viewpoint of the history of Christian mission, the main thoughts and principles Sujeong Lee left behind us through “Confession of Faith” and “Conditions in Korea” could be summarized as follows: ① the principle of ‘internal combustion & extension’: There is organic corelation between Sujeong Lee’s internal faith and practical efforts for mission to Korea. ② triple methodology of effective mission for Korea: ‘Bible translationestablishment of church-inviting missionaries’ ③ conservative faith: Sujeong Lee stressed the belief of apostolic faith, sola scriptura, sola gratia, and sola fide. ④ plea for mission to Korea: Sujeong Lee was called a Korean Macedonian, since he had showed strongly his earnest desire for American Christians to send their missionaries to Korea. ⑤ indignity of mission: Sujeong Lee, the native Korean fully committed himself to the ministry of translating the Bible into the Korean language. ⑥ attempt to provide efficient policy for early mission to Korea: Sujeong Lee put a strong emphasis on Christian education. ⑦ mission initiated by Korean: Sujeong Lee was the pioneer Korean Christian. From the viewpoint of the history of Christian mission, his great practical efforts for mission to Korea could be summarized as followes: First, he translated the Bible into his native language. When Henry Loomis, the American Bible Society directing manager in Japan had asked Sujeong Lee to undertake the translation of the Gospels into Korean, he was pleased to accept it. He then began, with the help of Chinese and Japanese Bibles, to translate the Scriptures into Korean such as ‘Hyeon To Han Han Shinyak Seong Seo’(4 Gospels and Acts, 1884), ‘The Gospel of Mark’(‘Shinyak Maga Bokeumseo Eonhae’, 1885), ‘The Gospel of Luke’(1885), ‘Romans’(1885) and so on. He believed with absolute certainty that the Korean Bible would be an effective means for extending the true Gospel to Korea without distortion. And he also expected that the Korean Bible would provide an effective tool for the early missionaries to propagate the Gospel to Korea. Horace G. Underwood, Henry G. Appenzeller and William B. Scranton, coming to Korea through Japan, had in their hands ‘Shinyak Maga Bokeumseo Eonhae’ in the Korean language. Second. he shared the Gospel with Korean students in Tokyo and opened the Korean Sabbath School in 1883 for Christian education. He taught them the Bible and the Westminster Shorter Catechism. Third, he appealed to American Christians for mission to Korea. He showed actively his ardent desire to send American missionaries to his motherland as soon as possible. So he was called a Korean Macedonian. As a result of his efforts, the first ordained American missionaries, Horace G. Underwood and Henry G. Appenzeller came to Korea on April 5, 1885. These practical efforts for mission to Korea show that the early Christian mission activities in Korea was started by Sujeong Lee, the pioneer Korean Christian.

Astronomical Observations at Chungbuk National University Observatory (CBNUO) with an 1 m telescope have begun since April 2008, and Near-Earth Space Survey observations also have been started since November 2010, with a 0.6 m wide field telescope developed by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute. To improve observational efficiency, we developed a weather monitoring system enabling automatic monitoring for the weather conditions and checking the status of the observational circumstances, such as dome status. We hope this weather monitoring system can be helpful to more than 100 Korean domestic observatories, including public outreach facilities. In this paper, we present the statistic analysis of the weather conditions collected at CBNUO for 3 years (2009- 2011) and comparisons were made for clear nights between using only humidity data and both humidity and cloud data.

Although there have been carrying out various rural development projects related with village road improvement, most of village roads in Korea are under much poor condition. However, until now, their actual conditions have not been surveyed at all. So, this study aimed at analysing the actual conditions and characteristics of rural village roads in the general terms to provide the basic information for the proper improvement policy-making. Case study villages were chosen in flat/mountainous/seashore<SUB>urban areas, which be then classified as improved and not. In terms of road length per household, mountainous villages are highly dispersed and suburban ones moderately dispersed, while flat ones aggregated. Road widths in seashore</SUB>suburban/structure improved villages are narrower than flat/mountainous ones. Because about a quarter of road sites are registered as non-road, more positive scheme for transferring non-road sites into road ones.

갈계숲 산림유전자원보호림은 보전가치가 높은 소나무,오리나무,느티나무가 분포하여 생태적으로 중요하나 내부에 가선정,도계정 등 역사문화자원을 포함하고 있고 마을과 인접하여 이용공간으로도 중요하므로 균형잡힌 보전․이용계획을 제안하고자 하였다. 조사결과 하천 내부에 입지하여 물리적으로는 물이풍부하나 마사질 토양의 특성으로 소나무(32.1%)가 우점종이었으나 하층식생은 빈약했으며 유전자보호목에 속하는 오리나무(5.2%)와 느티나무(17.7%)는 갈계정이 입지한 중반부의 수변과 내부의 갈계정 주변에 분포하였다. 운동시설은 하단부에 입지하여 보전과 이용의 공간부분이 가능한 상태이었다. 내부에는 소나무 255주, 오리나무 56주, 느티나무 132주와 함께 비자생종도 17종 113주가 식재되어 고유 생태계를 교란할 위험성이 있었다.유전자보호수목 중 30% 이상이 고사하여 생육불량인 수목은 126주(19.8%)로 지속적인 쇠퇴현상을 나타내고 있었다.이는 사면 침식방지를 위해 성토와 함께 콘크리트로 마감하여 하천과의 소통이 단절되었고 운동시설 설치와 휴게공간화 등 이용 심화가 원인인 것으로 나타났다. 관리에 있어서 시설물 설치로 인한 유전자원 훼손을 방지하기 위해서는 수계의 흐름을 고려하여 오리나무 생육과 연관된 지역의 석축을 제거하고 대경목 주변에 설치된 운동시설은 하단부 퇴적지로 옮기는 등 환경을 개선해야 할 것이다. 비자생종 식재과 차대목 육성 부재로 인한 쇠퇴현상을 방지하기 위해서는 유전자보호목에서 종자를 채취․발아시켜 키운 유목을 식재하여야 할 것이다. 이용공간의 난립은 상단부와 수변을 중심으로 하는 유전자원 보전공간과 하단부를 중심으로 하는 이용공간을 엄격하게 구분하여 더 이상의 확장을 방지하여야 할 것이다.

장래 의 증가에 따른 지구 기온의 상승은 그 정도의 차이는 있으나 불가피한 것으로 예측되고 있으며, 강수량의 경우는 대기대순환모형(General Circulation Model, GeM)의 종류에 따라 감소에서 증가까지 다양한 결과를 보이고 있다. 특히, 강수량의 변화는 평균적인 개념의 연평균, 계절평균이나 월 평균도 중요하지만 국가적인 재해와 관련된 홍수나 가뭄의 발생도 중요한 관심사항이 된다. 홍수나 가뭄의 발생변화를 적절히 예측하기 위해서는 기술적