본 논문은 해외직접투자를 행한 중소기업들을 대상으로 모기업 및 해외자회사의 특성요인들과 합께 단독/합작투자의 해외시장진입형태가 해외자회사의 경영성과에 영향을 주는 요인인지를 실증 분석하였다. 분석결과에 의하면, 단독투자가 합작투자보다 더 높은 경영성과를 나타내었고, 전체표본에 대한 다중회귀분석에서 단독투자의 해외시장 진입형태가 해외자회사의 경영성과에 상당히 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 이러한 결과는 합작투자의 긍정적인 측면에도 불구하고, 우리나라 중소기업이 대기업에 비해 기술력, 인적자원등의 축적이 낮기 때문에 합작파트너와의 문화적 갈등, 협상, 지휘 ·통제 등과 관련하여 발생하는 여러 비용들이 더 많이 소요될 수 있으므로, 해외자회사의 경영권을 완전히 지휘 ·통제하는 단독투자형태가 해외자회사 경영성과에 정(+)의 영향을 준 것으로 해석할 수 있다. 또한 모기업의 특성 요인 중 R&D비율과 해외자회사의 특성요인중 판매액대비 수출비율이 경영성과에 통계적으로 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 한편 이 변수들과 해외자회사 경영성과와의 관계에 대한 보다 구체적인 이해를 위하여 전체표본을 단독 및 합작투자로 구분하여 추가적으로 분석한 경우, 단독투자표본에서는 모기업의 현지국 투자 전 수출년수가 많을수록, 그리고 해외자회사의 판매액대비 수출비율이 높을수록 경영성과에 유의한 정(+)의 영향을 미치고 있다. 그러나 합작투자표본에서는 모기업의 R&D비율만이 해외자회사의 경영성과에 긍정적인 영향을 주는 요인으로 나타났다.

본 연구에서는 한국기업들의 해외직접투자시 진입전략의 선택은 신규자원의 확보동기 및 핵심자원의 공개의사에 따라 다를 것이라는 가정하에 출발하였고, 보다 구체적으로는 해외시장 진입전략의 선택에 관한 신이론의 틀을 이용하여 한국기업의 해외시장 진입전락 선택에 관한 세가지 가설을 36개 해외직접투자 기업을 대상으로 설문조사한 자료를 이용하여 검증하였다. 그리고 진입전략별 성과를 비교해 보았다. 교차분석법에 의한 실증 분석결과 신규자원 확보동기의 유무가 해외시장 진입방식의 선택과 무관하지 않은 것으로 나타났으며, 신규자원의 확보 동기가 있는 경우에는 합작투자 또는 기존 기업 인수방식을 택하는 경우가 많고, 신규자원의 확보 동기가 없는 경우에는 신규설립방식을 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 새로운 자원의 확보 동기가 있는 기업집단을 대상으로 한 교차분석결과에 의하면 이미 축적해 놓은 핵심자원의 공개 의사가 없는 기업들은 인수방식에 의한 단독투자를 선호하는 것으로 나타났고, 핵심자원에 대한 공개 의지가 있는 기업들은 합작투자를 선호하는 것으로 나타났다. 한편 진입전략별 성과에 관한 비교분석에서는 신규설립에 의한 진입방식(NV)의 성과가 가장 높은 것으로 나타났으며, 다음으로 합작투자(JV), 기존기업 인수방식(AQ)의 순서를 보여 주었다.

본 논문은 최근 한국 기업들의 국제합작투자를 통한 해외시장진출이 급증하고 있는 시점에서 국제합작투자의 성과결정요인을 규명하고자 하였다. 성과결정요인으로는 모기업특성변수인 연구개발비와 국제화경험을 파트너 특성 변수로서 파트너의 기여도를 파트너간의 상호작용을 통해서 형성되는 조직특성변수로서 통제정도와 갈등 및 신뢰성 정도를 이용하였다. 성과변수로는 성과의 다차원성을 고려하여 주관적만족도와 매출액성장률 및 순이익지표를 이용하였다. 조직특성변수 및 기여도변수들간의 관계에 있어서는 독립적인 관계가 아닌 상호작용효과가 존재하기에 이들 변수들간의 상호작용을 고려한 LISREL 분석을 실시하였다. 실증분석결과 주관적만족도에는 통제, 갈등, 신뢰성, 기여도변수 모두가 영향을 미치는 반면에 한국기업측 변수는 영향을 미치지 않았다. 그리고 성장성과 수익성지수에서는 갈등과 기여도 변수 및 국제화경험(수익성) 과 연구개발비(성장성)가 영향을 미치는 것으로 조사되었다. 이러한 실증분석의 결과는 합작기업에 있어서 성과지표의 선정에 따른 성과결정 요인이 상이하다는 것이며, 조직특성변수와 기여도변수들간의 상호작용관계가 있다는 것을 고려하여 이들간의 상호작용관계에 대한 연구의 보완과 새로운 연구방법의 개선 필요성을 제시한다 하겠다. 또한 합작기업의 성과를 향상시키기 위한 방안으로 기여도가 높은 파트너의 선택과 합작기업이라는 것이 한국기업측과 현지파트너간의 자원결합을 시너지효과를 창출하는 것이며, 파트너의 인적자원들과의 공동경영이 요구되며, 공동의 목표를 지닌 조직구조라는 인식이 필요하다 하겠다.

The use of different proxies to measure good corporate governance (GCG) may be a probable cause of the mixed results. Therefore, the application of a new single measure to enhance comparable empirical studies is required. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship between corporate governance and firm’s performance. This study involved all manufacturing companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) from 2014 to 2016 through purposive sampling with specific criteria. out of 144 qualified companies, 110 companies could be processed because of completed data in the form of financial information from their financial statements during the research period. The data were obtained from the official websites of IDX. This study applies a new measure of the corporate governance: the efficiency of the GCG. The corporate governance is calculated by relating inputs of components of the corporate governance and outputs of sales, assets and firm equity capital. By using financial data from firms listed on the Indonesian Capital Market, this study finds that the corporate governance significantly improved firm’s performance. More importantly, the study confirms and supports the new single measure of the GCG. This result is very important to avoid dealing with different indicators of the corporate governance.

This paper aims to investigate the impact of chief executive officer’s (CEO) attributes on firms’ performance. Specifically, it examines the influence of CEOs’ education, professional experience, and tenure on Saudi firms’ performance. We look at a sample of 120 listed firms on Tadawul stock exchange from 2014 to 2017. Data on financial and accounting variables are obtained from the annual reports of the selected companies. We follow the existing empirical literature and use a panel model and formulate three different equations using the GMM estimator. Findings prove that CEO educational background does matter. In particular, companies employing CEOs with business administration, economics, finance, or accounting degree will perform outstandingly better. Similarly, stock performance gets improved when the CEO has a postgraduate qualification, i.e., when the CEO holds an MBA, a master, or a PhD degree. Besides, results reveal that executives who have an experience in a related field will positively affect the firm’s performance. Finally, evidence shows that high CEOs tenure improves corporate performance. Overall, these findings demonstrate that executives’ attributes are key factors that would explain differences in Saudi firms’ performance. These results would help shareholders to make the right decision in selecting CEOs to manage the company.

The aim of this study is to estimate the impact of ownership structure on the performance of listed firms in transition economy. Buiding upon agency theory, hypotheses on such relationship are proposed. A detailed panel data of 502 non-financial companies listed on Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange and Hanoi Stock Exchange over the period from 2013 to 2018, and the system generalized method of moment estimation are employed to test the proposed hypotheses. To ensure the reliability of data, this study excludes companies that violate information disclosure regulations or that are subject to special supervision by the State Securities Commission of Vietnam. Some firms with inadequate information, firms that lack the financial data required for creating variable or firms that have inconsistent construction are also re-screened. We only collect the data of enterprises that have ownership structure of two or more components. Estimation results reveal that state ownership has an U-shaped relationship with the performance of Vietnamese listed firms, while foreign ownership and the degree of ownership concentration have an inverted U-shaped relationship with listed firms’ performance. The article provides governance implications that Vietnamese listed firms should decrease state ownership and foreign ownership to improve firm performance in order to boost investors’ confidence.

The study investigates the relationship between broad-scope management accounting information usage, market orientation, and the firm performance. This study employs a survey data of 149 top-level and mid-level managers working in Vietnamese tourism enterprises. To analyze research data, we employ SmartPLS 3 software. The analytical process include measurement model evaluation (evaluate the scale’s validity and reliability) and structural model evaluation (test research hypotheses). The results reveal that broad-scope management accounting information usage has a positive direct effect on market orientation dimensions (include information generation, information dissemination, and responsiveness). Then, market orientation dimensions also have positive direct effects on the performance of Vietnamese tourism firms, excluding information dissemination. Moreover, this study also reveals that the market orientation dimensions mediate the relationship between broad-scope management accounting information usage and firm performance. The findings of this study suggest that tourism firms should pay more attention to the use of management accounting information in decision-making. With the increasingly fierce competition of the tourism firms today, capturing and meeting the needs of the market is a prerequisite to help firms enhance their competitiveness and improve their performance. To do that, Vietnamese tourism firms need to consider pursuing market orientation and enhancing broad-scope management accounting information usage.

To enhance the performance of privatized firms and state-owned enterprises, Vietnamese government set up a specialized monitoring body named State Capital Investment Corporation (SCIC) in 2006 to supervise their performance. This motivated us to conduct this study to investigate the effective control of SCIC on privatized firms’ performance. We collected the annual reports of 500 non-financial privatized firms listed on HSX and HNX during the period from 2007 to 2017 from Thomson Reuters. Observations with missing values were removed and trimming outliers were implemented resulting in a dataset comprising of 4146 firm-year observations. We applied a quadratic regression model of state ownership on firms’ performance, and applied the method of Baron and Kenny (1986) to test the moderating effect of SCIC control. To fix “selection bias” that may occur and result in endogeneity of moderator (M), we utilized the PSM technique to analyze the marginal effect of the moderator (SCIC) on privatized firms’ performance. Our findings indicate a positive moderating role of SCIC on the relationship between the state ownership and firms’ performance. This implies that there is a positive effect of liberating the management of the private firms from government control, which also means that lesser the intervention of government in the day to day operational activities of a private firm, better the performance of a privatized firm is.

This study aims to verify the relationship between overseas activities and performance of Korea’s SMEs during the last financial crisis. Whether overseas activity performance of enterprises differed was determined based on characteristic variables, including the degree of concentration on R&D and marketing. This study also examined how SMEs’ international transactions and their performance differed based on internal variable such as the level of stock holding and firm size. This study developed a model for analyzing the relationship between the level of internationalization and performance of Koran SMEs listed in the KOSDAQ. We used firm-level data, including annual reports and various data sources such as the KISVALUE program. To smooth annual fluctuations in accounting data, we used a three-year average from 2006 to 2009 for each variable in the study. The results showed that proactive overseas activities ultimately had a positive effect on an enterprise’s performance, even though it initially had a negative effect. Therefore, enterprises should focus their capacity on R&D and marketing environment. Although numerous studies have focused on the relationship between overseas activities and performance of enterprises, the present study analyzed whether enterprises should continuously engage in overseas activities and what capacities they should strengthen during a global economic recession.

This study investigates the impact levels of determinants on the Balanced Scorecard application in evaluating the performance of tourism firms in Hanoi. The tourism industry not only promotes economic development, but also contributes to expanding cultural exchanges and improving people’s knowledge. However, Vietnam’s tourism industry is under fierce competitive pressure, with the participation of foreign enterprises, with large amount of capital, high professionalism and wide network. The rivalry is happening aggressively on many aspects such as products and human resources. Therefore, tourism firms are in urgent needs of having effective methods to evaluate its performance in order to improve business and development efficiency. This study uses data of tourism firms in Hanoi during 2018-2019. The data used for analysis and regression consists of 135 observations. We use Cronbach’s Alpha, EFA and regression model to learn the effect of different variables on the Balanced scorecard application in evaluating the performance. The results show that two determinants, including internal factors of tourism firms (IF) and external factors of tourism firms (EF) had positive relationships with the Balanced scorecard application in evaluating the performance. Based on the findings, recommendations are given for improving the Balanced scorecard application in evaluating the performance of tourism firms in Hanoi.

This study explored the impact of interactional justice on supply-chain collaboration and sustainable supply-chain performance. Accordingly, it classified interactional justice of supply-chain management (SCM) into interpersonal and informational justice, and empirically classified the effects of these subordinate concepts on supply-chain collaboration and sustainable supply-chain performance. To this end, 700 questionnaires were distributed, and 201 final valid responses were used for the statistical analysis which revealed the significant positive influence of interpersonal justice on informational justice. This indicates that courtesy, respect, and proper words are important in the relationship between buyers and sellers. Both interpersonal and informational justice had a significant positive relationship with supply-chain collaboration. The results suggest that a fair-trade environment should be cultivated to encourage and facilitate seller-buyer collaboration. Lastly, supply-chain collaboration had a positive influence on sustainable supply-chain performance. This implies that if justice is not perceived in the seller-buyer relationship, collaboration can be hindered, which negatively impacts corporate performance. These findings also helped to understand the importance of interactional justice and to propose a new relationship between interpersonal and informational justice.

The research aims to study the relationship between export performance and stock return of Vietnamese fishery companies. To conduct this study, quarterly data was collected for period from 2010-2018 of 13 fishery companies listing in Ho Chi Minh Stock Exchange (HOSE) and Ha Noi Stock Exchange (HNX). The export performance was measured by export intensity, export growth and export market coverage. In addition, interest rate, exchange rate, GDP, firm size, profitability, and financial leverage were considered as the control variables in the research model. Panel data analysis with Generalized Least Squares model was employed to estimate the predictive regression. The findings indicated that export intensity and export growth have a significant and positive relationship with stock returns. However, export market coverage has not a significant relationship with stock return at the 0.05 level. Profitability, financial leverage, and exchange rate have a positive relationship, while interest rate and GDP have no relation to stock return at the 0.05 significance level. The findings imply that investors should consider the export intensity instead of export growth and export market coverage as selecting stock of fishery exports firms to invest; managers should increase export intensity to increase company’s stock price or firm market value.

With the development of China's economy, more and more Chinese firms started multinational operation. Different with the developed countries’ multinational firms, the multinational level of Chinese firms is obviously still in the development stage. In China's academic research, many scholars have studied the relationship of firms’ M-P (multinationality-performance). Like other academic studies in developed countries, they have also drawn various results, such as linear relationships, nonlinear relationships (S-shaped, U-shaped, inverted U-shaped, W-shaped, etc.). This paper uses the panel data of 242 multinational firms listed in China's A-shares from 2008 to 2016. The empirical research method is used to study the relationship between market indicators, accounting indicators and M-P, and the firm's asset management efficiency is also studied. The empirical results show that market indicators and financial indicators have both a significant positive effect on M-P. Whereas, the asset turnover rate plays a negative role in regulating M-P. It shows that Chinese manufacturing firms can accelerate the process of multinationality by expanding the market and managing corporate finances.

The study aims to examine the impact of productivity in addition to the policy of increasing the foreign investors’ ownership rate on the performance of businesses which were listed on Vietnam's stock exchange market from 2010 to 2017. With the database of 3.961 observations, the study employs a statistical method – multiple regression to estimate the relationship between labor productivity, foreign ownership as well as other firm-level characteristics and firm performance. Research findings show that increasing labor productivity and increasing foreign ownership rates help increase firm performance. In addition, except for financial leverage, variables such as liquidity and firm size have positive effects on firm performance measured by Tobin’s Q. These findings have theoretical contributions and practical implications for managers, investors and government in Vietnam. Managers should pay attention to improving labor productivity through employing incentive mechanisms, building a good working environment, investing in technology, etc. in order to enhance the firm performance. Investors could utilize the labor productivity and foreign ownership indicators to select stocks of good companies for investment. For Vietnamese government, relaxing the limit of foreign ownership and accelerating the divesting of State capital in Stateowned enterprises could help increase the investment scale of foreign investors and resulting in positive effects on the firm performance.

Purpose - Economic globalization provides firms with a new channel to gain benefits from foreign countries. Therefore, using the real MNEs, this paper set China’s firms as an example to explore the relationship between multinationality and performance. Research design, data, and methodology - Panel data from 2008 to 2017 was used and 390 multinational firms listed in China’s A-share market was selected. Additionally, related econometric methods were employed to analyze the relationship between multinationality and performance in this study. The return on assets was treated as a dependent variable, and the sales of a firm, the firm age, the debt asset ratio of a firm, the ratio of foreign sales to total sales and the enterprise properties were treated as independent variables. All of these factors were used to conduct an empirical analysis. Results - The empirical findings in this study revealed that there is a linear relationship between multinationality and performance, as well as that non state-owned enterprises (non-SOEs) have a greater effect on the relationship between multinationality and performance than that of the state-owned enterprises (SOEs). Conclusions - On the basis of evidences this paper provided, China’s government should take measures in the future to help China’s firms when they fulfil international economic activities.

Corporate governance has received massive attention in academic research nowadays due to several recent corporate failures. Inefficiency of corporate governance mechanisms have driven the minds of the researchers and the policy makers to look with more insights into this area. Board composition, as part of corporate governance mechanism, plays a significant role to achieve company’s goals or objectives and ensure transparency and accountability. The objective of this study is to find out the efficiency of board composition through board size, independent directors and female directors on firm performance in the listed manufacturing firms of Bangladesh. In this study, a sample of 162 firm years are considered as the sample during the period of 2011 to 2016. This study finds that large board is the significant explanatory variable in improving firm performance. This study also shows that board independence and female directors have no significant association with firm performance which implies that instrument of corporate governance mechanism particularly board composition is very weak. This study recommends that code of corporate governance, specially the role of independent directors and female directors, should be reformed in the light of cultural and institutional context along with the effective enforcement.

This study examines empirically the characteristics of agricultural corporations in terms of their market and technology environment and the efficiency of the governmental support to the firms. Also the study analyzes the moderating effect of the environmental characteristics on the relationship between governmental supports and firm performance based on the concept of balanced performance. Test results show that firm tend to evaluate favorably their technology and market competitiveness of product quality and price and to require tools for reaction to changes of customer needs and technology or competing products and external corporation that is necessary for long-term technological competitiveness. As for governmental support, strategic support and service is much more appreciated than direct individual supporting item. Agricultural corporations with unfavorable market environment evaluate relatively high on their balanced performance. Correlations of balanced performance factors and technology environmental factors show all positive statistical significance. The moderating effect of the environmental characteristics on the relationship between governmental support and balanced performance can be interpreted that the support is provided without considering environmental aspect and based only on financial performance and as a result not to be satisfied by agricultural corporations with technological competitiveness.