Dry storage of nuclear fuel is compromised by threats to the cladding integrity, such as creep and hydride reorientation. To predict these phenomena, spent fuel simulation codes have been developed. In spent fuel simulation, temperature information is the most influential factor for creep and hydride formation. Traditional fuel simulation codes required a user-defined temperature history input which is given by separate thermal analysis. Moreover, geometric changes in nuclear fuel, such as creep, can alter the cask’s internal subchannels, thereby changing the thermal analysis. This necessitates the development of a coupled thermal and nuclear fuel analysis code. In this study, we integrated the 2D FDM nuclear fuel code GIFT developed at SNU with COBRA -SFS. Using this, we analyzed spent nuclear stored in TN-24P dry storage cask over several decades and identified conditions posing threats due to phenomena like creep and hydrogen reorientation, represented by the burnup and peak cladding temperature at the start of dry storage. We also investigated the safety zone of spent nuclear fuel based on burnup and wet storage duration using decay heat.

In pyroprocessing, the residual salts (LiCl containing Li and Li2O) in the metallic fuel produced by the oxide reduction (OR) process are removed by salt distillation and fed into electrorefining. This study undertook an investigation into the potential viability of employing a separate LiCl salt rinsing process as an innovative alternative to conventional salt distillation techniques. The primary objective of this novel approach was to mitigate the presence of Li and Li2O within the residual OR salt of metallic fuel, subsequently facilitating its suitability for electrorefining processes. The process of rinsing the metallic fuel involved immersing it in a LiCl salt environment at a temperature of 650°C. During this immersion process, the residual OR salt contained within the fuel underwent dissolution, thereby reducing the concentrations of Li2O and Li generated during the OR process. Furthermore, the Li and Li2O dissolved within the LiCl salt were effectively consumed through chemical reactions with ZrO2 particles present within the salt. Importantly, even after the metallic fuel had been subjected to rinsing in a conventional LiCl salt solution, the concentration of Li and Li2O within the salt remained consistent with its initial levels, due to the utilization of ZrO2. Moreover, it was observed that the Li- Li2O content within the metallic fuel was significantly diluted as a result of the rinsing process.

Bee pollen is a valuable apitherapeutic product and has been known to have diverse biological activities, including antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory, and even anticancer activity. However, its effect on the immune system is not well studied and is rather controversial. This study intended to elucidate the biological activity of bee pollen on immunity. For this purpose, we used lyophilized bee pollen after wet grinding, which shows increased extraction of bioactive components and enhanced biological activity. First, lyophilized bee pollen after wet grinding significantly increased the proliferation of splenocytes isolated from normal mice. On the other hand, lyophilized bee pollen after wet grinding dose-dependently reversed splenocyte proliferation by concanavalin A or lipopolysaccharide. To clarify the activity of bee pollen on immunity lyophilized bee pollen after wet grinding was administered daily to mice for five weeks and isolated splenocytes. In this study, there was no significant difference in the population of immune cells and the size of spleen between bee pollen- and sterile water-treated groups. However, proliferation of splenocyte isolated from bee pollen-administered animals was boosted by both concanavalin A and lipopolysaccharide. Finally, kaempferol, a well-known flavonoid from bee pollen, dose-dependently increased splenocyte proliferation by both Con A and LPS. On the other hand, naringenin, another flavonoid in the bee pollen, dose-dependently inhibited the proliferation of splenocytes by Con A and LPS. Together, these data indicate that bee pollen may be able to prime the immunity to boost immune reaction after inflammation.

근래들어 미중 간의 기술패권 경쟁이 심화됨에 따라 미국은 중국의 첨 단반도체 기술의 발전을 저지하기 위한 다양한 경제적, 기술적 제재를 부과하고 있다. 최근에는 반도체산업의 글로벌 밸류체인(GVC, 가치사슬) 의 변동성 증대와 더불어, 미국 주도로 주요 반도체 생산국가들인 한국, 대만, 일본을 포함한 칩포(Chip-4) 동맹을 결성하기 위한 논의를 하고 있다. 물론 이러한 미중 간의 첨단기술 경쟁은 우리나라의 산업전반 특 히, 중국에 생산기지를 가지고 중국의 수요에 많이 의존하고 있는 우리 나라 반도체 산업에도 큰 영향을 미치지 않을 수 없다. 따라서 미중 간 반도체산업 분야의 기술경쟁 실태를 면밀하게 분석하고, 이를 토대로 우 리의 국익을 극대화할 수 있는 방안을 모색하는 것이 절실하다. 이러한 배경 하에서, 본 논문은 반도체산업을 중심으로, 현재 미중 간에 벌어지 고 있는 기술패권 경쟁에서 미국과 중국은 각기 어떠한 위치를 점하고 어떠한 전략을 구사하고 있는지를 분석하고, 이를 토대로 이러한 미중 간 기술경쟁이 우리나라 반도체산업에 미칠 영향을 점검하고 적절한 대 응방안을 모색하고자 하는 것이다.

Hesperetin은 Hesperidin에서 유도되는 강한 항산화 기능의 플라보노이드 비당체이다. 본 연구 에서는 Hesperetin과 이의 Cyclodextrin 포접 복합체에 대하여 항산화, 항염증 및 항균 활성을 비교하였다. Hesperetin은 Hesperidin에 효소처리하여 제조되었으며, Hesperetin/Cyclodextrin 포접체는 용매 증류법에 의해 β-Cyclodextrin 및 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin을 사용하여 제조되었다. Hesperetin에 비해 Hesperetin/Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 포접체의 용해도는 93.5배 증가하였고, Hesperetin/β -Cyclodextrin 포접체의 용해도는 22.5배 증가하였다. 항산화 분석에서 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 포접체는 Hesperetin과 유사한 라디칼 소거 활성능을 보인 반면, β-Cyclodextrin 포접체는 Hesperetin 보 다 약간 낮은 활성을 나타내었다. RAW 264.7 세포에 대한 세포독성은 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 포접체, β-Cyclodextrin 포접체, Hesperetin의 순으로 세포독성이 낮았다. Hesperetin과 Cyclodextrin 포 접체는 모두 세포내 산화질소(NO), 종양괴사인자-α(TNF-α) 및 인터루킨-6(IL-6)과 같은 염증 매개체 를 감소시켰다. Hesperetin 및 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 포접체는 상대적으로 β-Cyclodextrin 포접체 보다 더 효과적이었다. 피부 유해성 세균인 황색 포도상구균과 녹농균에 대해 억제 효과를 시험한 결과, 황색 포도상구균에 대해서는 Hesperetin = Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 포접체 > β -Cyclodextrin 포접체의 순서로 항균 효과를 나타내었으나, 녹농균에 대해서는 뚜렷한 억제효과를 나타내 지 않았다. 결론적으로, Hesperidin의 비당체 형태인 Hesperetin과 이의 Cyclodextrin 포접체는 다양한 생 물학적 활성을 보여주었으며, 용해도가 높은 Hydroxypropyl-β-Cyclodextrin 포접체가 β-Cyclodextrin 포접체에 비해 상대적으로 더 높은 활성을 나타내었다.

Focusing on Hwaseokjeong in Paju, the work seeks to clarify the social production of Nujeong (樓亭: Korean traditional pavilions) space, which took place over the 1960s and 70s, and its cultural-political implications. To make the effort as such meaningful, a theoretical framework based not merely on the thesis of ‘social production of space’ advocated by Henri Lefebvre but especially on some discussions related to ‘state production of space’ is prepared, according to which Hwaseokjeong is analyzed and explained. As a consequence, two principal arguments are put forward: one is that Hwaseokjeong was a social space which had been built and constructed in accordance with the unique mode of production dominating Korean society at that time called ‘the state mode of production (le mode de production étatique )’; the other is that what lies beneath the denotation of a ‘social space of tradition restoration’ that Hwaseokjeong appears to carry is in fact the connotation of ‘infiltration of anti-communist ideology’. All of these claims are once again supported both by examining Roland Barthes's semiology and mythologies and by considering Hwaseokjeong's Pyeonaek (扁額: a plaque or framed text) as ‘the practice of naming power through J esa (題詞: inscribing dedications)’. While providing a succinct summary, the paper finally evaluates what ‘social production of space’ implies to social practices of architecture and related criticisms by taking into account the relationship between visibility and readability of space including buildings.

In this study, Bacillus velesensis TJS119, isolated from freshwater, demonstrated growth inhibition against insect pathogenic fungi. The culture medium of the B. velezensis TJS119 strain underwent sequential fractionation with n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and water. Notably, the n-butanol fraction exhibited significant antifungal activity against Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana. LC/MS analysis of antifungal peaks identified the production of various lipopeptides by B. velezensis TJS119, including two types of iturin A (C14, C15), four types of fengycin A (C14, C15, C16, C17), and two types of fengycin B (C16, C17). The antifungal efficacy of Iturin A and Fengycin against insect pathogenic fungi was further validated using the paper disc diffusion method. These findings underscore the potential of B. velezensis TJS119 as a promising candidate for future research and applications in the realm of agricultural biological controls against fungal diseases.

왕담배나방은 기주범위가 넓은 다식성으로 토마토, 옥수수, 담배, 해바라기, 땅콩, 면화, 콩 등 다양한 작물에 피해를 주는 해충이며, 장거리 이동성 해충으로도 유명하다. 본 연구에서는 기존 자료를 바탕으로 월동번데기의 성충으로 우화모델(2종)를 작성하고 포장 실측자료와 비교하여 평가하였다. 월동 번데기는 휴면을 종료한 후 안점소실 과정을 거쳐 정상의 번데기로 이행되고 비로소 성충으로 우화하는 것으로 가정하였다. 첫 번째 모형(모 형 1)은 2단계 휴면후발육 우화모형으로 안점소실에 필요한 적산온도 59.9DD (발육영점온도 15.9℃)와 번데기 발육완료에 필요한 192.3DD (발육영점온도 10.2℃)로 구성하였다. 두 번째 모형(모형 2)은 온도자극 우화모형으 로 17.63℃의 온도자극 이후에 번데기 발육을 개시하는 모형이었다. 적산온도는 단순 평균온도법과 사인곡선법 으로 계산하여 비교하였다. 포장자료와 비교 결과 모형 1에 사인곡선법을 적용했을 때 실측치와 편차가 3일보다 작거나 차이가 없었다. 반면 사인곡선법을 적용한 모형 2는 3~6.5일의 편차가 있었다. 평균온도법을 적용한 경우 두 모형 모두 실측치와 편차가 증가하였다. 모형을 활용하여 예측 우화시기와 트랩유살자료를 비교하여 왕담배 나방의 비래 가능성에 대하여 고찰하였다.

Machilus thunbergii (Laurales: Lauraceae, 후박나무) is planted as a street tree in Jeollanamdo and Jeju Island. Orthaga olivacea (Lepidoprate: Pyralidae, 제주집명나방) is known as a major pest of M. thunbergii. For managing O. olivacea by eco-friendly control method, the mating disruption would be expected. The sex pheromone of O. olivacea was identified as a mixture of (Z)-11-hexadecenyl acetate (Z11-16Ac), (Z)-11-hexadecenal (Z11-16Ald), and (Z)-11-hexadecenol (Z11-16OH) at a ratio of 100: 0.1:0.1 by Chinese research group. Before applying mating disruption, confirmation of its attraction in Korea was essential. The pheromone traps composed of Z11-16Ac alone and the blend of three components (100:0.1:0.1) were installed in Haenam, Jeollanamdo in 2021, and Jeju and Seogwipo, Jeju in 2022. In field attraction test, no O. olivacea was attracted to any trap. However, Mamesastra brassicae (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), which was not intended, was caught in both years in the trap. Total of 19 in Haenam between September 23 and 30, total of 11 in Jeju between September 30 and October 28, and total of 108 in Seogwipo between September 15 and November 11 were caught to the trap lured with Z11-16Ac. While in the trap lured with the blend, total 1 and 6 were captured in Haenam and Seogwipo, respectively.

Rotylenchus pini Mamiya, 1968 was reported from rhizospheric soils of Zoysia japonica in Korea. Females and males of the characterized population conform to the original species description from Japan and also to other subsequent species descriptions with variations in a few details in morphometrics including the existence of pharyngeal gland overlap in some specimen. Bayesian analysis of all the three DNA markers consistently grouped R. pini together with Rotylenchus species including R. zhongshanensis, a morphologically close species. Additionally, the newly obtained sequences of R. pini were found to be almost identical to the sequences assigned to Rotylenchus aff. devonensis in GenBank. These Rotylenchus aff. devonensis isolates might be representatives of R. pini populations. The current and previous phylogenetic studies supported by the recorded morphological plasticity within populations of the genus validate the proposed synonymy of Pararotylenchus with Rotylenchus.

Chromosomal level genome draft was assembled using a Korean Diadegma fenestrale (Jeju strain, KJ09). This assembly was achieved through a combined approach utilizing Nanopore long-read sequencing (approximately 134X coverage) and Illumina NovaSeq short-read sequencing (approximately 83X coverage). The assembled genome spans 243 Mb, comprises 160 scaffolds, with most of the genome contained within 11 chromosomal level scaffolds. The completeness of the assembly is reflected in BUSCO assessment, with values reaching 99.6%. Gene annotation is not completed. A symbiotic virus, Diadegma fenestrale Ichnovirus (DfIV) genome revealed 62 non-overlapping circular DNA segments the aggregate genome size was approximately 240 kb. Although the frequency of DfIV genome integration into the host’s 11 chromosomes varies from 0 to 32%, it was confirmed that all 62 DfIV genome fragments were inserted into the host genome. A total of 123 ORFs were predicted from the DfIV genome and most of those were expressed in the host’s ovary. This result may be contradictory to existing theories, but we propose a new hypothesis that some genes possessed by viruses may play different roles depending on the type and state of the host. Additionally, this phenomenon can be considered in relation to coevolution with the hosts.

Plant biosecurity refers to measures that aim to prevent the introduction and spread of pests that pose potential risks to plant health. This core concept underpins the approach undertaken by the National Plant Protection Organization (NPPO), where pre-border, border, and post-border biosecurity activities focus on early detection and rapid response. The approach recognizes the continuum from pre- to post-border, resource allocation is currently being reviewed to ensure an appropriate balance for effective risk mitigation. National Priority Plant Pests with contingency plans highlight the types of threats facing the Korean peninsula faces from exotic plant pests. This will lead to transparency of NPPO activities and ensure that it has the people, resources, tools and systems to address its most important priorities and effectively manage current and future biosecurity challenges.

경북대학교 친환경농업연구센터에서는 농업인들의 효과적인 천적 활용을 증진시키기 위하여 2016년부터 경상북도 농민사관학교의 지원을 받아서 친환경천적 교육과정을 개설하고 천적 자가생산 및 현장적용 기술의 실습교육을 실시하였다. 그동안 토양 포식성 천적인 총채가시응애(Gaeolaelaps aculeifer)와 뿌리이리응애 (Stratiolaelaps scimitus), 그리고 점박이응애의 포식성 천적인 칠레이리응애(Phytoseiulus persimilis)와 사막 이리응애(Neoseiulus californicus)의 간편하고 경제적인 대량생산기술을 개발하고 그 기술을 약 180명의 농업 인에게 전수하였다. 즉, 농업인들이 스스로 천적을 자가생산하여 시설재배지에 적용함으로서 비용절감 및 청정 농산물 생산 효과를 높히는데 기여했다. 또한, 간편한 천적생산기술을 전국적으로 농업기술원, 농업기술센터, 그리고 친환경농업인단체 등 20여개 기관에 전수하였다. 최근, 경북의 농업기술센터(안동, 고령, 경주)에서 농업 인을 대상으로 천적 대량생산 시스템 보급 시범 사업을 실시하면서 뿌리이리응애 및 칠레이리응애 등의 천적 자가생산시설을 구축하고 자체적으로 생산함으로서 지속적인 천적 활용이 가능하게 되고 해충 방제 효과를 증가시킬 수 있었다. 즉, 농업인들이 직접 천적을 생산하고 활용하게 함으로서 천적농업의 성공사례가 증가하였 을 뿐만 아니라 국내 천적 공급 시스템이 다양화되어 천적농업의 활성화에 크게 기여한다고 판단한다.

This study focuses on how the partial substitution of copper by nickel nanoparticles affects the electrical and structural properties of the Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.9Ni0.1O10+δ, Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.8Ni0.2O10+δ and Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.6Ni0.4O10+δ compounds. Approximate values of crystallization size and crystallization percentage for the three compounds were calculated using the Scherer, modified Scherer, and Williamson-Hall methods. A great similarity was observed in the crystal size values from the Scherer method, 243.442 nm, and the Williamson-Hall method, 243.794 nm for the second sample. At the same time this sample exhibited the highest crystal size value for the three methods. In the examination of electrical properties, the sample with 0.1 partial substitution, Bi2Ba2Ca2Cu2.9Ni0.1O10+δ was determined to be the best with a critical temperature of 100 K and an energy gap of 6.57639 × 10-21 MeV. Using the SEM technique to analyze the structural morphology of the three phases, it was discovered that the size of the granular forms exceeds 25 nm. It was determined that the samples’ shapes alter when nickel concentration rises. The patterns that reveal the distribution of the crystal structure also exhibit clear homogeneity.

This study (1) explored spatio-temporal population distribution patterns in Jeonju by using emerging hot spot analysis and (2) identified the influential factors to determine the spatio-temporal patterns by using multinomial logit model. The major findings are as follows. First, the results of emerging hot spot analysis indicated that the 100*100m grid in the urban area of Jeonju was found to have a category of hot spots, whereas most of the cold spot series was concentrated in the outskirts of the city. Also, new towns such as Jeonju Eco City, Jeonbuk Innovation City, and Hyocheon District were persistent or intensifying hot spots, Third, the results of multinomial logit model revealed that the factors influencing deterrmining the spatio-temporal patterns were accessibility to schools, hospitals, parks, and walfare services. This study offered a deeper understanding of urbanization and regional changes in Jeonju, and important information for urban planning.

『개자원화전』은 일반 독자층을 대상으로 미술서적으로 중 국고대 화가와 화공(畫工)의 화법(畫法), 화론(畫論), 도보(圖譜) 를 편집하고 있다. 역대 화가들의 진문적인 내용을 비전공인(非 傳功人)이나 일반 독자들도 쉽게 이해할 수 있도록 풀어쓴 교 양 도서의 하나이다. 이는 전통 중국 그림의 언어 부호의 탄생과 성숙을 기록하고 있다. 이는 중국회화의 발전 과정으로 광범위한 확산을 가져왔 다. 또한 전통화화의 부호 시스템의 발전을 촉진하였고, 아울러 문학과 미학의 범주에서 포괄적인 구현이었다. 본 연구는 『개자원화전·매보』에서 출발하여 화법과 부호학 의 측면에서 그들의 부호 표현을 분석하였다. 또한 그 배후의 예술적 특징을 함축하여 서술하였으며 현대의 전통 회하 창작 과 전통 문화 정신에 대해 기술하였다.