This study investigates the effect of MnO2 and CuO as acceptor additives on the microstructure and piezoelectric properties of 0.96(K0.5Na0.5)0.95Li0.05Nb0.93Sb0.07O3-0.04BaZrO3, which has a rhombohedral-tetragonal phase boundary composition. MnO2 and CuO-added 0.96(K0.5Na0.5)0.95Li0.05Nb0.93Sb0.07O3-0.04BaZrO3 ceramics sintered at a relatively low temperature of 1020 oC show a pure perovskite phase with no secondary phase. As the addition of MnO2 and CuO increases, the sintered density and grain size of the resulting ceramics increases. Due to the difference in the amount of oxygen vacancies produced by B-site substitution, Cu ion doping is more effective for uniform grain growth than Mn ion doping. The formation of oxygen vacancies due to B-site substitution of Cu or Mn ions results in a hardening effect via ferroelectric domain pinning, leading to a reduction in the piezoelectric charge coefficient and improvement of the mechanical quality factor. For the same amount of additive, the addition of CuO is more advantageous for obtaining a high mechanical quality factor than the addition of MnO2.

미디어 산업의 발전 및 수출입 증가에 따른 드라마 및 영화 시장의 확대에 따라 극적 저작물에 대한 분쟁이 두드러지는 가운데, 극적 저작물 저작권 침해의 판단에 있어 합리적이고 안정적인 기준을 마련하는 것은 중요한 과제가 될 것이다. 그 대표적 사례인 드라마 선덕여왕 분쟁에 있어 서울 고등법원 선고 2012나17150 판결과 대법원 선 고 2013다8984 판결은 저작권 침해 판단의 두 기준인 접근가능성과 실질적 유사성 판단에 있어 구체적 사실관계를 해석하는 세부적 기준이 달라 다른 결론이 도출되었다. 접근가능성 판단에 있어서 두 판결의 세부 기준은 접근의 가능성에서 ‘가능성’ 판단 기준, 접근 가능성 판단에서 고려의 범위, 접근 대상의 범위, 의거관계에서 유사성 고려 여부 등에서 차이를 보였다. 실질적 유사성에 있어서는 유사성을 중심으로 판단하는지, 혹은 차이점을 중심으로 판단하는 지에 있어 차이를 보였고, 구체적으로는 유사성의 조합에 대한 고려, 유사성 판단 범위, 장르적 특성의 반영, 역사적 사실과 다른 사실에 대한 창작성 부여의 정도에서 차이를 보였다. 각 판결에 있어 이러한 세부 기준을 도출 및 비교한 후 이를 국내외 판례를 통해 살펴보았으며, 이후 실질적 유사성 판단을 인정하기 위한 유사성의 정도에 대해 고찰하였다.

본 연구에서는 Na형 Faujasite 제올라이트 분리막의 프로필렌/프로페인 분리 거동을 예측하기 위하여 제올라이트 13X 입자의 프로필렌 및 프로페인 단일기체에 대한 중량식흡착 거동을 관찰하고자 하였다. 제올라이트 13X 입자의 프로필렌 및 프로페인에 대한 중량식흡착 거동은 자성부유평형저울(MSB)을 이용하여 323, 343, 363 K의 온도와 0.02-1 bar의 압력 범위에서 0.1 bar씩 증가시키면서 측정되었다. 그 결과, 온도가 증가할수록 프로필렌 및 프로페인의 흡착량은 감소하였으며, 프로필렌/프로페인의 흡착 선택도는 증가하였다. 또한 흡착 온도가 증가함에 따라 프로필렌과 프로페인의 확산계수는 증가하여 아레니우스 식을 따랐고, 프로필렌/프로페인 확산 선택도는 323 K에서 0.9753으로 최대값을 가졌다. 흡착 특성을 통해 분리막의 투과선택도를 계산하였고, Na형 Faujasite 제올라이트 분리막의 단일 기체 투과 특성과 비교하였다. 그 결과 계산된 투과선택도와 측정된 투과선택도가 모두 323 K에서 최대값을 갖는 것을 확인하였다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 중량식 흡착법으로 예측된 분리막의 프로필렌/프로페인 분리거동 예측이 합리적이며 또한 표면확산에 기반한 프로필렌/프로페인 분리용 제올라이트 분리막의 분리성능예측에 적용될 수 있음을 알 수 있었다.

본 연구는 아유르베다의 원서인 짜라까 상히따를 번역하여 아유르베다 연구를 하는 사람들에게 널리 이롭게 하는 것이 목적이다. 그러므로 여기에 서는 Sharma, P. V. (2001). 『Caraka Samhita』Ⅰ. Varanasi: Seventh Chaukham-bha Oriental, /Ram Karan Sharma(1983), Agniveśa’s Caraka Saṁhitā, Vol.1 Sūtrasthāna, Varanasi(India): Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office에 의거한 내용의 SŪTRASTHĀNA 16장부터 24장까지를 번안하여 수록한다.

This study investigates the viability of using a Na-ion battery with a tin(Sn) anode to mitigate the vulnerability caused by volume changes during discharge and charge cycling. In general, the volume changes of carbon material do not cause any instability during intercalation into its layer structure. Sn has a high theoretical capacity of 847 mAh g−1. However, it expands dramatically in the discharge process by alloying Na-Sn, placing the electrode under massive internal stress, and particularly straining the binder over the elastic limit. The repeating strain results in loss of active material and its electric contact, as well as capacity decrease. This paper expands the scope of fabrication of Na-ion batteries with Sn by fabricating the binder as an auxetic structure with a unique feature: a negative Poisson ratio (NPR), which increases the resistance to internal stress in the Na-Sn alloying/de-alloying processes. Electrochemical tests and micrograph images of auxetic and common binders are used to compare dimensional and structural differences. Results show that the capacity of an auxetic-structured Sn electrode is much larger than that of a Sn electrode with a common-structured binder. Furthermore, using an auxetic structured Sn electrode, stability in discharge and charge cycling is obtained.

Grain-growth behavior in the 95Na1/2Bi1/2TiO3-5BaTiO3 (mole fraction, NBT-5BT) system has been investigated with the addition of Na2CO3. When Na2CO3 is added to NBT-5BT, the growth rate is higher than desired and grains are already impinging each other during the initial stage of sintering. The grain size decreases as the sintering temperature increases. With the addition of Na2CO3, a liquid phase infiltrates the interfaces between grains during sintering. The interface structure can be changed to be more faceted and the interface migration rate can increase due to fast material transport through the liquid phase. As the sintering temperature increases, the impingement of abnormal grains increases because the number of abnormal grains increases. Therefore, the average grain size of abnormal grains can be decreased as the temperature increases. The phenomenon can provide evidence that grain coarsening in NBT-5BT with addition of Na2CO3 is governed by the growth of facet planes, which would occur via mixed control.

본 연구는 아유르베다의 원서인 짜라까 상히따를 번역하여 아유르베다 연구를 하는 사람들에게 널리 이롭게 하는 것이 목적이다. 그러므로 여기에서는 Sharma, P. V. (2001). 『Caraka Samhita』 Ⅰ. Varanasi: Seventh Chaukham-bha Oriental, 의 SŪTRASTHĀNA 6장부터 15장까지를 번안하여 수록한다. /Ram Karan Sharma(1983), Agniveśa’s Caraka Saṁhitā, Vol.1 Sūtrasthāna, Varanasi(India): Chowkhamba Sanskrit Series Office에 의거한 내용을 수록한다.

본 논문은 정서ㆍ심리적 혼란과 불균형 상태인 중독의 자기치유적 관점에 서 상담심리 주변 연구와 소통하며 불교의 치유적 기제(機制)를 문헌적으 로 고찰하고자 했다. 관무량수경(觀無量壽經)16관법이 의존ㆍ회피ㆍ충동의 총체인 중독의 상태에서 효과적으로 벗어나는 초월적ㆍ직관적 통일체험으로 써 자기인식과 자기성장에 도움을 주는 유의미한 치유과정임을 고찰했다. 본 논문에서는 과정중독인 관계중독의 치유적 고찰을 위해 관무량수경 16 관법 중 ‘보수관(寶樹觀=수상관(樹想觀), 나무를 관상함)’에 등장하는 보배 나무의 상징성을 분석했다.  관무량수경은 아직까지 폭넓게 연구되지 않은 모습이다. 관무량수경 은 아미타경 무량수경과 더불어 정토삼부경에 속하지만 다른 경전에 비 해 사상적 담론보다는 관경변상도 등 불화에 대한 불교미술사적 연구와 정 토사상을 구현한 사찰건축물 조성을 바라보는 입장에서 언급되었고, 16관법 에 관한 심리치유적 담론 연구는 김용정이 1977년 한국불교학에서 ｢관무 량수경의 16관법｣을 주제로 근원적 종교체험으로서 관법을 다루었다. 본 논 문은 관무량수경 16관법에 대한 선행 연구를 종합해, 관상(觀想)에 의한 인식주체와 대상의 통일체험이 중독 치유과정에서 어떤 의미를 지니는지를 분석했다. 16관법의 관상법이 현대를 살아가는 소외된 대중이 빠지기 쉬운 심리ㆍ정서적 불균형 상태를 회복할 수 있는 대안적 치유기제인 것이다.

This work focuses on the electrical conduction mechanism in a lead free (Na0.5K0.5NbO3 ; NKN) ceramics system with LiNbO3 content of approximately critical concentration x ≥ 0.2. Lead free (1-x)(Na0.5K0.5)NbO3 - x(LiNbO3), NKN-LNx (x = 0.1, 0.2) ceramics were synthesized by solid-state reaction method. Crystal structures are confirmed by X-ray diffraction. The electric-mechanical bond coefficient k p decreases and the phase transition temperature T c increases with increasing x content, as determined by dielectric and piezoelectric measurements. The value of the real dielectric constants ε' and kBTε'' showed anomalies around T c (462 oC in the NKN-LN0.1 and 500 oC in the NKN-LN0.2). For the ionic conduction of mobile ions, the activation energies are obtained as EI = 1.76 eV (NKN-LN0.1) and EI = 1.55 eV (NKN-LN0.2), above T c, and EII = 0.78 (NKNLN0.1) and EII = 0.81 (NKN-LN0.2) below T c. It is believed that the conduction mechanisms of NKN-LNx ceramics are related to ionic hopping conduction, which may arise mainly due to the jumping of Li+ ions.

본 연구는 아유르베다의 원서인 짜라까 상히따를 번역하여 아유르베다 연구를 하는 사람들에게 널리 이롭게 하는 것이 목적이다. 그러므로 여기에서는 짜라까 상히따의 SŪTRASTHĀNA의 1장부터 5장까지를 번안하여 수록한다.

『시경』은 내용상 사물에 대한 느낌이나 인간의 내면 정서를 표현한 것이 대부분으로 현대 인들에게 전혀 새로운 내용이 아니라는 점에서 교육과 학습의 필요성이 인정되며 다수가 이 에 동의하고 있다. 따라서 이러한 내용들을 본의를 훼손하지 않으면서 적절한 우리말로 해석 하고 번역하는 것이 지금 시대에 『시경』 번역이 지니는 가치 중의 하나라고 하겠다. 본고는 이러한 문제의식에서 작성한 글이다. 이에 본고에서는『시경』에 나타난 반복적인 수사기교의 하나인 첩자가 우리나라에서 출판된 몇 종의 『시경』 해설서에서 어떻게 번역되었는지 그 양 상을 검토하였으며, 이를 위해 첩자의 운용양상과 주요 주석가의 의미 해석도 간략히 살펴보 았다. 이를 통해 동일한 『시경』의 시편이 우리말로 번역될 때에는 다양한 관점에서 해석될 수 있음을 확인하였다. 또한 주석을 통한 해석에 치중한 결과, 원칙이나 기준 없이 번역되고 있는 것도 확인할 수 있었다. 원시의 본의를 제대로 전달하기 위한 방안의 첫걸음으로 본고 는 첩자에 한정하여 『시경』 번역의 문제점을 극복하고 관련 번역 원칙을 모색하고자 한다.

It is common knowledgement that small sized firms have the strategic flexibility for sustainable management. The synergies with existing businesses to secure new growth engine is pregnant to rise as a strong going_concern. But many barriers are existing in stages and processes such as collection of tacit knowledge, design, research, development, human resource, financing, etc.. In this study, a factory automation system maker with design capability , during several years, has had a strategic flexibility which the firm has researched and developed the medical device which measures sodium(Na) and potassium(K) in human urine as its new growth engine for sustainable management. The company mentioned above has had a successful case. The successful case has story as following: From the product development through the process of convergence to the requirements of the medical field, research and development has been selected via the item Concurrent access and macro-environment (PEST) analysis. Among the elements necessary technology to medical equipment research and development design a mechanism part to take full advantage of the core competencies of the existing business, production was biosensor linear DNA Aptamer and chemiluminescence protocol improved while using outsourcing from abroad through a fairy tale. Digestion process was being tried. By analyzing the existing Lab on a Chip and avoid patentrelated patents embody the development concept was to develop diagnostic kits addition, diagnostic equipment exterior design were commissioned to proceed with the design and external specialist. It was confirmed that external consultant to reinforce the innovation capacity shortage, strategic alliances with various support organizations and other companies are very important.

Reverse electrodialysis (RED) is green energy technologies to produce electric power using the salinity gradient. The salinity gradient generates chemical potential difference by transport of ions through the membranes. In RED system, anion exchange membrane (AEM) and cation exchange membrane (CEM) play a major role in transporting cation (Na+) and anion (Cl-), respectively. Significant technical issue is how to enhance conductivity and permselectivity of membrane simultaneously in the system. In this study, we characterized influences of cationic functional groups on AEM. We evaluated conductivity and permselectivity of AEM introduced three types of cationic salt functional groups.

Na+/K+-ATPase is a membrane protein and plays a key role in osmotic regulation in living organisms. In the present study, a cDNA sequence encoding the Na+/K+-ATPase alpha subunit from the monogonont rotifer, Brachionus koreanus was cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA ends technique. To investigate the role of this enzyme in osmotic stress, enzymatic activities of Na+/K+-ATPase were measured after exposure to different salinities for 48 h. The full-length Bk Na+/K+-ATPase cDNA was 3069 bp-long, encoding a 1022-amino acid polypeptide. Bk Na+/K+- ATPase possesses eight membrane spanning regions and five conserved domains. Phylogenetic analysis showed that Bk Na+/K+-ATPase had high identity with those of other species, and was closely clustered with other Brachionus sp. These findings indicate that this protein was conserved both structurally and functionally. B. koreanus Na+/K+-ATPase activity was stimulated in both hyposaline (6 psu) and hypersaline (32 psu) conditions, suggesting that this protein may play a role in osmoregulation. This study would provide better understanding of the physiology of B. koreanus and this enzyme may be useful as a molecular marker for evaluation of osmotic stress in aquatic environment.

Bi0.5Na0.5TiO3 (BNT) based ceramics are considered potential lead-free alternatives for Pb(Zr,Ti)O3(PZT) based ceramics in various applications such as sensors, actuators and transducers. However, BNT-based ceramics have lower electromechanical performance as compared with PZT based ceramics. Therefore, in this work, lead-free bulk 0.99[(Bi0.5Na0.5)0.935Ba0.065](1-x)LaxTiO3-0.01SrZO3 (BNBTLax-SZ, with x = 0, 0.01, 0.02) ceramics were synthesized by a conventional solid state reaction The crystal structure, dielectric response, degree of diffuseness and electric-field-induced strain properties were investigated as a function of different La concentrations. All samples were crystallized into a single phase perovskite structure. The temperature dependent dielectric response of La-modified BNBT-SZ ceramics showed lower dielectric response and improved field-induced strain response. The field induced strain increased from 0.17% for pure BNBT-SZ to 0.38 % for 1 mol.% La-modified BNBT-SZ ceramics at an applied electric field of 6 kV/mm. These results show that Lamodified BNBT-SZ ceramic system is expected to be a new candidate material for lead-free electronic devices.

New lead-free piezoelectric ceramics 0.96[{Bi0.5 (Na0.84 K0.16)0.5}1-xLax(Ti1-y Nby)O3]-0.04SrTiO3 (BNKT-ST-LN, where x = y = 0.00 ≤ (x = y) ≤ 0.015) were synthesized using the conventional solid-state reaction method. Their crystal structure, microstructure, and electrical properties were investigated as a function of the La and Nb (LN) content. The X-ray diffraction patterns revealed the formation of a single-phase perovskite structure for all the LN-modified BNKT-ST ceramics in this study. The temperature dependence of the dielectric curves showed that the maximum dielectric constant temperature (Tm) shifted towards lower temperatures and the curves became more diffuse with an increasing LN content. At the optimum composition (LN 0.005), a maximum value of remnant polarization (33 C/cm2) with a relatively low coercive field (22 kV/cm) and high piezoelectric constant (215 pC/N) was observed. These results indicate that the LN co-modified BNKT-ST ceramic system is a promising candidate for lead-free piezoelectric materials.

We investigated the adsorption of Na on graphene and graphene oxide, which are used as anode materials in sodium ion batteries, using density functional theory. The adsorption energy for Na on graphene was -0.507 eV at the hollow sites, implying that adsorption was favorable. In the case of graphene oxide, Na atoms were separately adsorbed on the epoxide and hydroxyl functional groups. The adsorption of Na on graphene oxide-epoxide (adsorption energy of -1.024 eV) was found to be stronger than the adsorption of Na on pristine graphene. However, the adsorption of Na on graphene oxide-hydroxyl resulted in the generation of NaOH as a by-product. Using density of states (DOS) calculations, we found that the DOS of the Na-adsorbed graphene was shifted down more than that of the Na-adsorbed graphene oxide-epoxide. In addition, the intensity of the DOS around the Fermi level for the Na-adsorbed graphene was higher than that for the Na-adsorbed graphene oxide-epoxide.