The aim of this work to investigate the distribution of mercury in the gas phase, bottom ash and fly ash during the combustion of coal and solid waste such as dried sludge and solid refuse fuel (SRF) because the solid waste can be used as alternative fuel. In our study, we used two types of continuous combustors including vertical and horizontal combustor at the same conditions. In vertical combustor, we can get only the bottom ash while in horizontal combustor we get both fly ash and bottom ash. For both combustors, the gaseous mercury was measured by using the Ontario Hydro Method. The results showed that a significant amount of emission of gas phase mercury occurs during the combustion of coal, dried sludge, and SRF. Among the fuels, SRF showed high mercury oxidation while dried sludge showed a high level of gaseous mercury emission in the flue gas.

WtE of MSW plays a crucial role in renewable energy production in Korea. Municipal solid waste (MSW) is an important energy resource for combined heat and power (CHP) production. This study investigated an increasing method to the power generation efficiency by MSW to energy (WtE) plants in South Korea and discussed the issues related to energy efficiency improvement. To achieve energy efficiency improvement is used to lower temperature for emission gas at catalyst inlet, or to reduce/stop using steam to reheat emission gas. Saved energy from this process can be used as power source in order to increase generation efficiency. It is possible to increase denitrification efficiency by maintaining the temperature of emission gas for catalyst denitrification. The temperature of emission gas of which moisture is increased to saturation point (relative humidity of 100%) at the exit of wet scrubber is between 50 and 60℃. This means there should be reheating of emission gas with the approximate temperature of 150℃. Dry emission gas treatment, on the other hand, is the technology to increase generation efficiency by using highly efficient desalination materials including highly-responsive slaked lime and sodium type chemicals in order to comply with air pollution standards and reduce used steam volume for reheating emission gas. If dry emission gas is available, reheating is possible only with the temperature of 45℃ in order to expect generation efficiency by reducing steam volume for reheating.

When adopting drain close system, the temperature of emission gas at the boiler exit is set high by spraying and evaporating drained water on quencher tower. According to applying drain close system boiler and power generation efficiency were decreased. In case of the water close system is not applied to treat the wastewater from incineration facility, the economizer outlet temperature can be reduced to 190∼220℃. And this leads to the increased ability of boiler's heat recovery. However, the temperature of emission gas at economizer exit should be set at 250℃ or higher if applying drain close system (minor conditions can affect as well). Boiler efficiency and generation efficiency can be improved by comparing the temperature of emission gas at economizer exit at 190℃ without the introduction of drain close system and 250℃ with drain close system. There are three types of white plume reduction equipment: one is offline type to blow air into chimney through heat source and exchange points after heating the air by using steam from equipment like boiler; another is in-line type to blow air into chimney through heat exchanger of combustion emission gas (mainly boiler exit); and the other is to blow air into chimney through hot wind burner by using fuels including kerosene. At a facility with white plume reduction equipment equipped with 5℃ of outdoor temperature and 60% of humidity, power generation volume and generation efficiency can be improved by using leftover steam for steam turbine from suspension of using white plume reduction equipment.

최근 연안 해역에서의 대규모 어업활동과 산업화로 인하여 해상 부유 폐기물 및 해저면의 침적 폐기물, 패각류, 퇴적 오염물 등 해양 폐기물 발생량의 증가로 인하여 해양 오염은 날로 심각한 상태에 이르고 있다. 해양폐기물은 해안으로 밀려오는 해안폐기물, 해수면에 떠다니는 부유폐기물, 바닥에 침적된 침적폐기물, 이렇게 세 종류로 분류할 수 있으며, 이들 해양폐기물은 약 60% 이상은 육상 등 해변에서 발생되어지는 해안폐기물이며 그물류를 포함한 플라스틱이 대부분을 차지하며, 기후 및 지역의 특성에 따라 생활폐기물과 하수, 산업 및 연안의 영향을 받아서 발생하는 폐기물의 특성이 크게 변화한다. 본 연구에서는 섬지역에 발생되는 해안폐기물의 특성을 비교 분석하였으며, 섬의 위치와 계절에 따른 해안폐기물의 발생 특성을 조사하였으며, 발생되어지는 해안페기물의 특성을 분석하여 고형연료 (SRF) 생산 및 활용에 대해 분석하였다. 해안폐기물 발생량은 겨울철 > 여름철 > 가을철 > 봄철 순으로 나타났으며, 그물류가 가장 높은 비율을 차지했으며, 목재류, 비닐플라스틱류, 고무류 등으로 분포하였으며, 이에 따라 발열량은 약 5,200kcal/kg으로 높은 수준이여 높은 질은 나타내고 있다. 지역에서 자연건조된 후 수거한 해안폐기물의 경우는 염소함량이 1.25%로 SRF 기준 2미만으로 나타났다. 단, 대부분의 해안폐기물이 높은 염분을 나타내고 있어 이에 따른 처리 방안은 고려되어야 할 것으로 보인다.

전 세계적으로 지속적인 화석연료의 사용으로 인하여 화석 연료가 고갈되고 있을 뿐만 아니라 화석 연료를 사용하면서 발생하는 환경오염 때문에 대체에너지를 찾는데 많은 연구가 진행되고 있다. 이와 더불어 정부는 신재생에너지 보급을 늘리기 위하여 노력하고 있으며, 국내 연간 신재생에너지 생산량 중 폐기물 및 바이오매스에 의한 신재생 에너지 보급률이 약 70% 이상을 차지하고 있다. 특히, 국내에서 발생되는 폐기물은 높은 재활용률 덕분에 가연분 함량이 높아 열 회수 시설에 적용 시 화석원료의 대체제로 사용 가능성이 크다고 할 수 있다. 그러나 폐기물 고형 연료화 시설의 경우 반입량 대비 30 ~ 45%의 비율로 잔재물이 배출되어 매립되거나 일부는 소각시설에 의해 처리되고 있는 실정이다. 특히 이를 그대로 매립 하였을 경우 오염부하를 증가시킬 수 있으며, 매립에 의한 처분비용으로 전체 시설 운영비의 약 20%가 소요되는 것으로 알려져 있다. 따라서 본 연구는 폐기물 고형 연료 잔재물을 이용한 소각 공정에서 적용하였으며 이러한 공정에서 발생한 바닥재를 보도나 광장의 포장에 사용되는 인터로킹 블록으로 활용하는 방안을 마련하였다. 이에 바닥재에 대한 기초특성분석을 하고 혼합된 벽돌의 흡수율, 휨강도, 압축강도, 치수 등을 분석하여 바닥재 혼합비에 따른 블록 특성 변화를 관찰하였다.

Recently, the concept of “waste minimization and a sustainable resource circulation society” has become a global issue as the key term waste management policy, the effective use of waste, has been emphasized. Research that converts wastes from incinerators into energy is actively underway as a countermeasure for this issue. The most important factor, the lower heating value (LHV), is the amount of heat (excepting the latent heat of water vapor) generated when the fuel is completely burned, and it is necessary to analyze the combustion performance and economic efficiency of waste incineration facilities. The current LHV estimation methods of the Dulong equation and calorimeter through sampling cannot produce results that reflect the operation status of the incineration facility and the waste characteristics. Consequently, an objective and quantitative LHV formula (LHVKorea) was derived based on the operating data from the domestic municipal solid waste incineration facilities in this study. Additionally, by comparing LHVKorea and LHVEU, the error range of the two formulas is analyzed. The average result of LHVKorea is 2,318kcal/kg (1,788 ~ 2,734 kcal/kg), and an error range of 5% appears between LHVKorea and LHVEU.

This study examined how OECD countries treat municipal solid waste (MSW) and how their methods of recovering energy after waste incineration changed as leaders prepared to resource circulation and reduce greenhouse gas emissions. The results showed that Korea, with its per capita MSW of 350 kg and recycling rate of 59%, was the most efficient among the 14 countries studied in regards to waste management. In Korea, the rate of waste reclamation dropped from 71% in 1995 to 15.7% in 2014. However, the rate of waste incineration is expected to increase, allowing the rate of waste reclamation to decrease to less than 1%. In addition, the study showed that the average rate of waste incineration was 49.8% in the OECD-EU countries and Japan, where reclamation rates are relatively low, and this average rate was higher than Korea’s rate of 25.3%. Therefore, Korea needs to identify ways to increase the rate of waste incineration and recover more energy from existing and future incineration plants. Such measures, along with the 3Rs of municipal solid waste and energy recovery, would help Korea become a society of both low carbon and resource circulation.

지금껏 안정적으로 폐기물을 처분해왔던 방법에 변화를 가져올 정책과 국제협정이 최근 제정 및 체결되었다. 첫 번째는 2016년 5월 29일 자원순환기본법이 제정･공포되어 2018년 1월 1일부터 시행될 예정으로 자원순환사회 기반을 구축하기 위한 제도적 기틀을 마련한 것이다. 지금까지 자원의 절약과 재활용촉진에 관한 법률에 의해 추진해오던 것에 비하면 자원순환에 관해서는 다른 법률에 우선하기에 폐기물 처분방법에 있어 변화가 있을 것으로 본다. 두 번째는 2015년 12월 프랑스 파리에서 열린 2020년 이후의 신기후체제가 논의되어 모든 국가가 온실가스 감축에 참여하는 파리협정을 체결하였다. 이로 인해 폐기물부문도 온실가스 감축을 위한 방안과 실행계획 마련이 있을 것으로 본다. 이 같은 정책과 국제협정이 지금껏 안정적으로 처분해왔던 폐기물관리에 일정부분 변화를 가져올 수밖에 없는 상황이다. 감량 목적의 단순 소각처분이 아닌 자원이 순환하고 온실가스 감축을 위해 에너지를 최대한 회수하기 위한 방안 마련이 필요한 것이다. 우리나라는 선진화된 폐기물정책 시행으로 인해 폐기물 감량이나 재활용에 있어서는 선도적 역할을 담당해오고 있으나 소각에너지 회수에 있어서는 미흡한 면이 있다. 이에 본 연구에서는 우리나라의 시도별 도시폐기물의 발생 및 처분 그리고 소각시설에 대한 현황을 2000년 이후 2014년까지 5년 주기의 변화 추이를 살펴봄으로써 앞으로 자원순환 정책과 기후변화 협약에 대응할 수 있는 방향성을 제언하고자 한다.

지속적인 경제 성장으로 인한 생활 패턴 및 소비구조의 변화에 의해 폐기물 발생량은 급격히 증가하였으며, 발생 및 특성에 따른 적정처리에 대한 어려움을 겪고 있다. 특히, 유기성 폐기물은 2012년 해양 투기의 전면금지에 따라서 대체할 수 있는 처리 방안에 대해 지속적으로 방법을 강구하고 있는 실정이다. 음식물 폐기물의 경우 높은 유기물 함량과 높은 수분함량으로 직접적인 연료화보다는 퇴비화 및 사료화 등으로 처리하고 있으나, 악취 및 폐수 처리문제 등이 야기되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 수열탄화를 이용하여 Biochar를 생산하고, 생산한 Biochar 특성변화에 대한 연구를 진행하였다. 수열탄화의 온도변화에 따라서 음식물퓨 폐기물의 유기물의 특성 변화 및 연료 특성 변화에 대한 상관관계와 적용성에 대한 평가하였으며, 실험조건은 180-240℃에서 1시간동안 반응하였다. Biochar의 특성분석을 위행원소분석, 공업분석, 발열량 및 유기물 변화 등을 분석하였다. 수열탄화를 통해 발열량이 증가하였으며, 탈수성이 향상되는 결과를 얻었다. 음식물의 유기물의 용해에 의해 Product yield는 낮아지는 결과를 보였다. 화학적으로는 탄소함량의 증가를 통해 발열량이 증가하였다고 판단되며, 높은 온도에서는 분해율이 높아서 고형물 및 탄소 함량이 낮아지는 결과를 알수있었다. 수열탄화를 통해 얻어진 Biochar는 국내 Bio-SRF 기준에 적합한 결과를 보였으며, 수열처리는 음식물류 폐기물 처리의 한 방법으로 제시가능하다고 판단된다.

최근 급속한 경제 성장과 소비 수준의 상승으로 폐기물 배출량이 급격히 증가했고, 질적으로도 다양화 되고 있다. 우리나라 폐기물 처리정책의 주요내용은 자원을 효율적으로 이용함으로써 자연으로부터의 자원채취를 최소화함과 동시에 자연으로 되돌려지는 폐기물을 최소화함으로써 자연환경을 보호하고 사람의 건강을 보존하는 것이다. 선․후진국을 막론하고 폐기물관리정책의 변화과정은 비슷하다. 이러한 폐기물의 적정처리와 국가 에너지자원의 활용측면에 있어서 매우 중요한 역할을 담당하고 있는 소각시설은 현재 정부가 추진 중에 있는 ｢자원순환사회전환촉진법｣ 제정에 따라 적지 않은 변화가 있을 것으로 판단된다. ｢자원순환사회전환촉진법｣은 자원 및 에너지 소비량의 증가에 따라 계속적으로 폐기물 발생량이 증가하고 있는 국내의 사회적 구조를 고려할 때 폐기물의 발생억제 및 순환이용 촉진 등 자원순환사회 실현을 위한 기반 마련을 위하여 반드시 필요한 제도임에 틀림없다. 자원순환 성과관리제를 통하여 검토되고 있는 폐기물처분부담금(소각 또는 매립)은 에너지를 회수하지 않는 단순 소각시설의 경우 재활용비용에 버금가는 소각세를 부과한다. 그러나 일정기준 이상 에너지를 회수하여 사용하는 소각시설은 폐기물처분부담금의 감면혜택이 부여됨으로써 폐기물로부터 에너지를 회수하는 에너지회수시설과 단순 소각시설의 차별화가 뚜렷이 구분될 것으로 판단된다. 이에 본 연구에서는 생활폐기물 소각처리 시설(2개소, 3호기)을 대상으로 2015년 ｢폐기물관리법｣ 시행규칙 제3조제2항에 따른 “폐자원에너지 회수･사용률 산정방법”에 따라 에너지회수율을 산정하였다. 각각의 저위발열량 및 에너지회수･사용률 산정인자(Ep, Ew, Ei, Ef)는 3개월 동안의 계측기 측정값과 현장측정(배출가스 조성, 방열손실, 바닥재 보유열 등)결과를 바탕으로 산출하였다. 폐자원에너지 회수･사용률 산정결과로는 A시설(1호기･2호기)의 경우 생산량 기준 98.6 %, 사용량 기준 26.9 %로 산정되었다. B시설(1호기)에서는 생산량 기준 99.0 %, 사용량 기준 81.9 %로서 생산량 및 사용량 모두 높은 비율을 나타났다. 반면, A시설에서는 생산량 대비 사용량 기준 27.3 %로서 낮은 유효사용률을 나타내었으며, 유효사용률을 높이기 위해서는 다양한 방안(소내 소비감소, 소각시설의 효율적 가동, 폐열보일러의 효율 향상, 안정적인 수요처 확보 등)을 강구할 필요가 있을 것으로 판단된다.

In recent years, waste-to-energy conversion using municipal solid waste (MSW) has been gaining attention in municipalities. Such conversion can reduce the dependency of non-renewable energy such as fossil fuels by generating solid refuse fuel (SRF) and diverting landfilling of the waste, although there is debate over the efficiency and economic aspect of the practice. With a growing interest in the conversion, D city is trying to adopt all possible measures towards achieving a material-cycle society by constructing a waste-to-energy town by 2018. The waste-to-energy town will be comprised of energy recovery facilities such as a mechanical treatment facility for fluff-type SRF with a power generation plant, and anaerobic digestion of food waste for biogas recovery. In this paper, we focus on estimating the energy recovery potentials and greenhouse gas (GHG) reduction of MSW by waste-to-energy conversion under three different scenarios. The data required for this study were obtained from available national statistics and reports, a literature review, and interviews with local authorities and industry experts. The lower heating value was calculated using the modified Dulong equation. Based on the results of this study, the energy recovery potential of MSW was calculated to be approximately 14,201-51,122 TOE/y, 12,426-44,732 TOE/y, and 8,520-30,673 TOE/y for Scenarios 1, 2, and 3, respectively. The reduction of GHG by such conversion was estimated to range from 10,074-36,938 tonCO2eq/y, depending on scenario. This study would help determine the production rate of fluff-type SRF to be converted into a form of energy. In addition, this study would aid waste management decision-makers to clarify the effectiveness of recycling of MSW and their corresponding energy recovery potentials, as well as to understand GHG reduction by the conversion.

Municipal solid waste incinerator (MSWI) fly ash was used for accelerated carbonation via bubbling of gaseous carbon dioxide (CO2) after treatment with sodium hydroxide (NaOH). The influence of alkaline concentration and volumetric flowrate of CO2 was investigated. Experimental results showed that carbonation reduced the leaching of Cu, Pb, Zn, and Cr. The pH of leachate decreased from around 12 to 10.5. The content of soluble chlorides was also decreased after carbonation. Additionally, the application of accelerated carbonation enhanced the sequestration of CO2 from MSW incineration plants. The TG/DSC analysis indicated that MSWI fly ash sequestrated approximately 185 g CO2/kg waste.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the physicochemical characteristics of bottom-ash recycling from municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI) and investigate the possibility of the use of bottom ash for Lightweight Aggregate for Structural Concrete and Bottom Ash Aggregate for Road Construction according to Korean Industrial Standards (KS). Samples were taken from the MSWI bottom ash collected at the resource recovery facilities “A” and “B.” In the results, both samples did not satisfy the criteria of the particle sizes. In particular, the two samples failed to comply with the physical and chemical characteristics criteria of the Lightweight Aggregate for Structural Concrete. On the other hand, both bottom ash samples met the physical characteristics criteria of the Bottom Ash for Road Construction. Therefore, the recycling of Bottom Ash Aggregate for Road Construction can be more a suitable method for recycling, provided that proper pre-treatment as a screening process for bottom ash is performed.

The disposal of food waste has raised environmental concerns. The use of food waste disposers can be a convenient measure to manage household organic wastes. This device can be introduced to resolve the inconvenience of separating food wastes and implement the policy for converting food wastes into resources. However, the use of disposer has been prohibited in Korea unless the total solid recovery rate is greater than 80% (by dry wt.). Therefore, it is important to separate solid portions from disposer wastewater as much as possible to meet the standard. The objective of this study is to examine the control factors such as sieve size of screen, coagulation, RPM of centrifuge on solid-liquid separation. The result revealed that the use of sieve less than or equal to 0.3 mm could meet the total solid recovery rate of 80% (by dry wt.). Also, the coagulation filtrate recirculation using a coagulant, PAC, improved the solid recovery rate of 11.0% (by dry wt.) in using the sieve of 0.6 mm. This led to the total solid recovery rate of 79.3% (by dry wt.). Although RPM variation of centrifuge hardly influences the total solid recovery rate, when the separated solid residue is processed to compost or feedstock it is good because of low moisture content.

The ocean dumping of organic waste as food waste has been prohibited since 2012 and so it is necessary to find alternative methods for its treatment and disposal. The purpose of this study was to treat food waste via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) that has advantages such as no pre-treatment as drying feedstock and low energy consumption. Additionally, feasibility study for Bio-SRF (Solid Refused Fuel) was conducted to produce hydrochar via HTC. As results from quality standards experiments based on 「Solid Fuel Product Quality Testing Method in Korean」, the optimal condition of 220oC as reaction temperature and 4 hr as reaction time have been selected. Since 2012, the ocean dumping of organic waste as food waste has been prohibited, it is necessary to replace its treatment and disposal. This study applied to treat of food waste via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) which the method has advantages such as no pre-treatment as drying feedstock and low energy consumption. Moreover, feasibility study for Bio-SRF (Solid Refused Fuel) conducted to producted hydrochar via HTC. As a results from quality standards experiments based「Solid Fuel Product Quality Testing Method in Korean」, the optimal condition of 220oC as reaction temperature and 4 hr as reaction time has been selected.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) recommended the first order decay (FOD) model for estimating methane emissions from solid waste landfills. However, selecting appropriate parameter is a major challenge in methane emission modeling. The degradable organic carbon (DOC) and the fraction of degradable organic carbon which decomposes (DOCF) are the two primary parameters in the methane generation potential (L0). The DOC is the amount of organic carbon that can be decomposed by biochemical reactions in microorganisms. Chemical analysis methods are currently available to measure the DOC including using total organic carbon and element analysis methods. However, chemical analysis methods are not appropriate for determination of the DOC, which indicated that the DOC should be measured by biochemical tests. In addition, these methods should consider a fossil carbon content that needs a complex and high cost of analysis. The DOCF is an estimate of the fraction of carbon that is ultimately degraded and released from landfills. However, no methodology is provided for determination of the DOCF in landfills. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to suggest methodologies for the determination of DOC and DOCF in solid waste landfills. A biochemical methane potential (BMP) test could be used to calculate the DOC because the BMP represents an upper limit on the methane potential of a waste, which corresponds to a maximal amount of degraded organic carbon. The calculation was based on the assumption that the DOCF is 100%. In this study, two methodologies were suggested to determine the DOCF in landfills. The first one uses a new equation (DOCF = 2.76W-0.44) with moisture content in the landfill that actual methane flux data are unavailable. Moisture content is a major ecological parameter on the anaerobic biodegradability of the solid waste in the landfill. Another methodology is to use L0,Landfill/L0,BMP ratio. The L0,Landfill could be determined by a regression analysis if methane flux data were available.

A total of 15 different solid waste materials were analyzed for toxic substances such as Pb, Cd, Cu, As, Hg, Cr (VI)by the Korean standard leaching test and as total content. These wastes were also tested for corrosivity characteristicsusing an ionic electrode for pH and a circular steel for corrosion rate. Based on the results of the leaching test, the solidwaste samples did not exceed the regulated leaching levels. Thus, the analyzed wastes may be classified and managedas general industrial waste, not hazardous waste. Four solid waste samples were greater than total content levels proposedby other previous study. In case of the corrosive property of the solid waste leachate (1:2.5), the highest pH of the wastesample exhibited the lowest corrosion rate of 0.065mm/yr. However, the waste samples with low pH values exhibiteda greater corrosion rate. It is difficult to determine the correlation between pH and corrosion rate of the solid waste leachate.Therefore, the testing of the solid wastes are needed to further investigate the corrosion of a glass electrode method ratherthan the corrosion rate measurement. In the future, other hazardous properties such as ecotoxicity should be also examinedto properly manage the solid waste materials.

Due to the problems on BW (Bulky Waste) from SRF (Solid Refused Fuel) facilities in terms of operation andmaintenance, we investigated the characteristics of bulky waste about physical composition ratio, discharge type and ratio,etc. BW are 5.83% in MSW (Municipal Solid Waste) and composition ratio is as below; fiber (28.22%), plastic (19.18%),paper (17.95%), wood (17.02%), metal (11.49%), vinyl (3.3%), styrofoam (2.84%). Paper was mostly packing box, wood;chipboard, pieces of wood, branch, vinyl; big vinyl bag, plastic; home appliance, toy, big piece of plastic, fiber; clothing,mattress, sponge, styrofoam; pieces of styrofoam box, metal; broken metal stuff. BW has characteristics that is bulky andmainly consist of recycle waste compared with general MSW. We compare the composition ratios of only BW, MSWincluding BW and not including BW in order to extend to which variation in BW affects on physical composition ratioof general MSW. As a result of these researches, physical composition ratio between MSW not including BW and BWhas some difference but correspond closely with MSW including BW. This is because BW component ratio is so smallthat have little effect on composition ratio of total waste. Conclusively BW component and physical composition ratio,discharging type should be investigated for characterizing BW. But BW composition ratio needs not to be included onlyfor analyzing physical composition ratio of waste.

Recently, it is increase in the processing of organic waste using anaerobic digestion. Therefore, the studies on theprocessing method for increasing the anaerobic digestion waste water. Among them, purification treatment and liquidfertilizer have been issues. But, efficiency of the ways is very insufficient. While increasing the anaerobic digestionprocess, increasing study for the treatment of anaerobic digestion waste water. In this study, It was evaluate thecharacteristic of liquid fertilizer of anaerobic digestion waste water as affected by aeration rate and solid-liquid separation.Also, we review liquid fertilizer degree using maturity assessment indicators of liquid fertilizer by national institute ofanimal science. As a result, insertion of air(3.5L/min) sample after solid-liquid separation appeared was the highest. pHand color was difficult to understanding correlation with liquid fertilizer among maturity assessment indicators(seedgermination, ammonia(NH3), hydrogen sulfide(H2S), electrical conductivity(EC), pH, color, etc).

Municipal Solid Wastes (MSW) are disposed of three types (recycling, incineration, landfill). The ashes made after the incineration are also recycled to minimize the volume of waste owing to reducing the amount of landfill. However, MSW incinerations (MSWI) in Seoul are not satisfied with the policy of Korea as a result of experiments about the chemical characteristics of the ash (Ignition loss, pH, Chloride, Cyanide, metals leaching). So, according to the policy, the MSWI in Seoul must be pretreated so as to recycle the MSWI. There are many pretreatments, three pretreatments (washing, weathering, CO2 aging) of which are selected through the literature review. Through Washing, the value of pH and chloride decrease. The optimal ratio (S/L) and time of Washing treatment is 1 : 10 (S/L) and 60 minutes, respectively. The CO2 aging method compensates the defect of weathering method which is required to react long-period time. After CO2 aging, pH and some Heavy metals decrease. So, We will compare and evaluate pre-treatment methods and we find the best method or new method.