Solid wastes are among the most pressing environmental and resource concerns in Korea. The Korean government has been implementing various management alternatives to reduce the production of solid wastes and recover valuable resources from them. Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) manufacturing facilities are one of projects that aim at recovering energy from solid wastes. This study used the emergy evaluation procedure to assess the feasibility of an RDF manufacturing facility in Wonju, Korea. By converting 10,442.6 tons of combustible solid wastes into 5,801 tons of solid fuel in 2007, this facility prevented the loss of useful resources with an emergy quantity of 3.70 × 1019 sej/yr. This amounted to a potential worth of 7.04 billion emW/yr. Total emergy input required to produce 5,801 tons of RDF was 5.91 × 1019 sej/ yr with an emvalue of 11.3 billion emW/yr. The Wonju RDF manufacturing facility contributed more to the Korean economy beyond its investment cost as revealed by the emergy yield ratio of 2.67. Direct emergy benefits and costs of the RDF facility were calculated as 1.20 × 1010 emW/yr and 3.31 × 109 emW/yr, respectively, resulting in the net emergy benefit/cost ratio of 2.62. This indicates that the RDF facility was a feasible option for managing solid wastes for the city of Wonju in Korea. This study demonstrated the usefulness of the emergy concept and methodology in evaluating management alternatives for solid wastes in Korea.

The waste treatment cost and energy production benefit of Wonju city RDF plant, the first RDF manufacturing plant in Korea, were investigated in this study. All plant operation data, like total weight of received wastes, produced RDF and separated rejects in processes have been fully recorded for mass balance calculation of the plant. Also all consumed oil and electricity have been recorded for energy balance calculation. The results showed that the waste treatment cost not included the RDF sales price of 25,000 won/ton-RDF was 139,316 won/ton-MSW and it went down to 128,640 won when included the RDF price in 2011. Produced RDF was 42.7% of total received waste in weight. Three components analysis by mass balance calculation of total received waste showed that Wonju city's MSW was 34.0% of combustible, 35.0% of water and 31% of incombustible respectively. Energy effect was found that total amount of produced energy was about 4 times more than that of consumed energy. Analysis data for 5 years since 2007 were summarized and shown in this study.

On the occasion of 21st century, christian spiritualism has a big challenge from secular world. Even though the 20th century’s christian theology emphasized the theology of hope, which were promoted by Moltmann and Pannenberg, it seems that there is still no hope in the contemporary christianity. Christianity don’t have any solution of the contemporary issues, such as environmental destruction, economic polarization, world conflict, cultural divergence, destruction of social security, even moral hazard. It is required for christianity to be a religion of hope again in these situations. One of the responses of this requirement is the necessity of an alternative christian movement, the new monasticism is one of the movement. The new monasticism was organized in 2004 by some certain christian communities, such as the Simple Way, Rutba House, Camden Community, the Psalters, etc. They have agreed with the “12 Marks of New Monasticism” in order to make an alternative christian community of communities. Instead of the formal evangelicalism, they would like to pursue the counter cultural christian life and new spirituality. Because of the ethos, the new monasticism has been paid attention to the church in terms of christian spirituality. First, it is oriented communitarianism to overcome the problem of the individualism which prevails in modern society. Second, the new monasticism is oriented simple life and sharing their possessions in order to overcome the problem of capitalism. Third, it seeks to realize the ethical praxis with emphasizing social justice and positive community involvement in order to solve the issues of modern society. Fourth, the new monasticism seeks to expand the Kingdom of God through practicing the counter-culturalism, the non-imperialism, and nonviolent pacifism. Fifth, it conducts the new christian movement with making a community of communities which has accepted the interdenominational diversity. Even though there are some significances in the new monasticism, we can discuss some limitations of it too. Firstly, the new monasticism cannot perfectly be a alternative christian movement, since it has some radical aspects to solve the contemporary issues. Secondly, the new monasticism has a certain theological limitation, because it only emphasizes the practical elements of faith rather than all biblical dogma. Thirdly, this movement cannot realize the culture command of God in this world because it infers to the counter-culture, such as non-individualism and non-consumerism, to overcome the problem of contemporary capitalism. And lastly, the new monasticism has the limitation which is related to the possibility of development, because it has some weak points, such as absence of the systematic mission strategy, flexible solidarity between the communities, inclusive interdenominational mind. It’s very clear that the new monasticism has some limitations, Nevertheless, it proposes to the contemporary christian society an important solution of the issue of the christian spirituality. Through the emergence of the movement we are able to think of the christian spirituality as well. Holistic spirituality should be the most important element which we have to pursue to recover the religious authority nowadays. The new monasticism is one of the movement which we have to regard as an alternative christian spirituality.

강원도 서남부에 위치하고 있는 원주시와 횡성군에 소재하고 있는 치악산(1,288 m), 태기산(1,261.4 m), 오봉산(1,126.2 m), 응봉산(1,094.9 m), 어답산(789.4 m), 덕고산(521.2 m), 덕가산(700.5 m), 성지봉(791 m)의 관속식물상을 2008년 4월부터 2009년 5월까지 총 23회에 걸쳐 조사하였고, 이전 조사에서 증거표본이 제시되어 있는 발교산(998.4 m), 오음산(930.4 m), 백운산(1,037.1 m), 치악산(1,288 m)의 자료를 전체 소산식물목록에 포함시켰다. 본 조사에서 생육이 확인된 관속식물의 총 분류군 수는 97과 383속 680종 1아종 111변종 12품종으로 총 804분류군이었으며, 문헌상 증거표본이 있는 경우의 자료를 추가하면 총 105과 418속 818종 1아종 138변종 16품종으로 총 973분류군으로 한반도 전체관속식물종의 21.14%에 해당된다. 조사지 전반의 식생은 소나무와 낙엽활엽수의 혼효림이며, 식생이 비교적 우수한 지역은 치악산의 구룡사로 부터 세렴폭포를 거쳐 비로봉에 이르는 계곡, 및 태기산의 큰성골계곡과 태기분교터에서 낙수대에 이르는 능선의 동사면 지역이다. 비교적 많은 분류군이 채집된 10개 과는 국화과, 벼과, 장미과, 미나리아재비과, 콩과, 사초과, 백합과, 범의귀과, 산형과, 꿀풀과의 순이며 전체 생육분류군의 49.12%이다. 조사지에서 생육이 확인된 특산식물은 금강초롱꽃, 모데미풀, Pyrus ussuriensis var. diamanti-ca Uyeki(금강산돌배)를 포함하는 38분류군이고, 산림청지정 희귀 및 멸종위기식물은 금강초롱꽃, 왕제비꽃, Viola diamantica Nakai(금강제비꽃), 금마타리를 포함하는 24분류군이며, 환경부지정 식물구계학적특정식물종은 총 88분류군으로서 Ⅴ등급에 속하는 식물은 좀가물고사리, 금강초롱꽃, 물쇠뜨기, 노랑붓꽃, 솔나리, 큰연영초, 목련(식재), 천마, 좀미역고사리, 승마, 모데미풀, 왕제비꽃의 12분류군이다. 또한 귀화식물은 47분류군으로서 전체식물의 4.83%, 유용식물은 총 609분류군으로서 식용식물 334분류군, 약용식물 269분류군, 관상용식물 127분류군, 사료식물 332분류군, 산업용식물 3분류군, 목재용식물 31분류군, 섬유용식물 13분류군으로 각각 구분되고, 이는 전체식물의 13.23%에 해당한다.

본 연구에서는 광섬유 FBG 센서를 이용, 곡률반경을 고려한 이 방향 변위(Two-Way Displacement)를 측정하여 변형각을 환산함으로써 상대좌표를 구하는 알고리즘을 정립하였으며 이를 이용하면 작은 변형에 대해서도 매우정확하게 상대변위를 구할 수 있음을 알 수 있었다. 이를 확인하기 위해 4.5m높이의 H형강에 고안된 이 방향 광섬유센서를 부착하여 횡 방향으로 외력을 가해서 발생한 변위를 수준측량과 일반적인 전자식 변위계로 동시에 측정하여 각각의 측정성능을 비교분석하였다. 그 결과, 광섬유센서의 분해능은 다른 센서시스템에 비해 월등하였으며 이차원 상대좌표의 측정이 가능함을 확인하였다.

The lacquer is one of the most important resources for endogenous development and cultural reproduction in Wonju. However traditional and social network, which had been formed by lacquer farmers, group of lacquer-pickers, refineries, and lacquer-ware craftsmen, is being collapsed. It is due to the recent imports of raw lacquer from China and refined lacquer from Japan. Public sectors including Wonju city have continuously improved the potential of lacquer production by planting lacquers. However, the potential of lacquer production isn't under enough condition to realize its value. In this study, it is suggested that the efforts of public sectors to raise lacquer industry, focused on the improvements of lacquer production potential until now, should be concentrated on realization of the production potential by reconstructing social productive system which is composed of diverse groups involved in lacquer ware production.

In this study, we investigated the site feasibility for the construction of the incineration facilities in Won Ju City. To assess the environmental impact of its construction, we examined the current status of air quality in the selected candidate sites and predicted the extent of air quality change upon its operation through modification of stack type. If the stack height is assumed to be 70 m, the concentrations of SO2 and dioxin in the surrounding area were predicted to increase by 0.05 ppb and 0.09 pg/㎥, respectively. The impact of its operation was assessed and compared among different sites. According to this analysis, more impact was expected from the residential area for the Dan-Gye site than from agricultural areas of the Kwan-Sul and Sa-Je site.

Statistical SO_2 forecasting technique by multiple regression analysis was designed and developed to predict SO_2 concentration in Wonju City. SO_2 concentration data measured from air pollution monitoring system and meteorological factors data such as : wind speed, atmospheric stability, surface temperature, relative humidity and precipitation were used in Wonju City during the 1996∼1997. As the results, correlation model for forecasting was well fitted with some parameters including minimum temperature, wind speed and the SO_2 concentration of the previous day.

소하천 수계인 원주천의 지형학적 특성은 Hortoh-Strahler의 하천 차수법칙에 따라 일정한 규칙을 갖고 발달하였다. 이미 인접 유역에의 적용을 통해 검정과 검증이 이루어진 강우-유출모형인 NWS-PC 모형에 의해 모의발생한 일유량과 Manningtlr의 적용결과로 원주교 지점에서의 수리특성을 분석하였다. 산정된 원주천의 형태학적 특성계수에 의한 단위유량도의 첨두유량 및 이의 발생시간을 분석하였다. 비록 이같은 연구가 초기단계이기는 하나, 이 결과