본 연구는 효과적인 과학 동아리 활동을 위한 방안으로 환경 탐구 프로그램을 개발하고 초등학교 학생들에게 적용하여 그 효과를 알아보는 것을 목적으로 한다. 본 연구에서는 생태 조사 교구를 활용한 활동 프로그램을 개발하고 적용하여 과학동아리 학생들의 과학탐구능력과 환경인식의 변화에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 효과를 검증해보았다. 본 연구의 결과를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 첫째, 생태 조사 교구를 활용한 프로그램의 적용은 과학탐구능력의 향상에 긍정적인 영향을 주었다. 둘째, 생태 조사 교구를 활용한 프로그램은 환경인식의 개선에 긍정적 영향을 주었다. 셋째, 생태 조사 교구를 활용하여 주변 환경을 탐구하는 활동 프로그램에 대하여 학생들은 매우 많은 관심과 흥미를 갖고 있었으며 매우 긍정적으로 평가하고 있었다. 또한 본 연구에서 적용한 과학 동아리 활동 프로그램은 직접적으로 환경의 중요성과 보존의 필요성을 지도하지 않았음에도 불구하고 환경을 탐구하는 과정을 통해 자연스럽게 학생들의 환경인식 개선에 긍정적 변화를 가져온 것으로 나타났다.

본 연구는 빠른 속도로 발전하는 멀티미디어 정보 환경 중에서도 미국 방위산업체 정보기관의 감시 카메라 속 특정 인물을 색출하는 작업 상황을 가정으로, 사용자가 방대한 영상 데이터 기록물들 가운데 원하는 정보를 한 눈에 분석하고 검색해 낼 수 있는 효율적이고 만족스러운 멀티미디어 검색 환경에 대해 연구하였다. 이를 위해 첫 번째 실행된 실험에서 CAVE형 가상현실 공간 인터페이스를 검색환경으로 제안하고 데스크톱과 CAVE형 공간 인터페이스를 비교 평가하였다. 이 실험에 사용한 콘텐츠는 각 과제에 최적화되어 개발된 소프트웨어들과 데이터베이스를 사용하였다. 두 번째 실험은 CAVE형 가상현실 공간 인터페이스에서 검색의 효율을 높여주는 입력시스템에 대한 연구를 실행하였다. 특히, 인간의 움직임에 보다 가깝게 디자인되어 자연스럽게 조작할 수 있도록 설계된 제스처 입력시스템을 중심으로 CAVE형 가상현실 인터페이스에 적합한 3가지 입력시스템을 사용하여 검색 후 각 과제들에 대한 선호도와 만족도를 측정하였다. 또한 각 과제별 검색 수행 시간을 측정하여 효율성 높은 입력시스템을 분석하였다.

본 연구는 개인의 신체활동은 다양한 변인들이 관련되어 있는 복잡한 건강행동이라는 것을 전제로 노인들을 대상으로 사회생태학적 모형의 구성요인인 개인적 변인, 사회적 환경 변인, 물리적 환경 변인이 신체활동에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지를 확인하는데 그 목적이 있다. 서울시 S구에 거주하는 65세이상 노인 290명(남자 노인=87, 여자노인=203, 평균연령 M= 68.56세, SD=6.79) 이 본 연구에 참여하였다. 신체활동단계질문지, 자기효능감질문지, 의사결정질문지, 사회적지지질문지, 물리적환경질문지가 노인들의 신체활동과 그와 관련된 변인들을 측정하기 위하여 사용되었다. 결과에 따르면, 본 연구에 참여한 노인들 대부분 (70.7%, 200명)이 규칙적으로 신체활동에 참여하는 것으로 나타났으며, 이러한 신체활동단계의 분포는 성, 교육수준, 동거형태 등의 개인적 변인에 따라 통계적으로 유의한 차이를 보이지 않았다. 노인들의 신체활동과 관련된 자기효능감, 운동이득지각, 가족의 지지, 물리환경 등은 신체활동단계에 따라 유의한 차이가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 전반적으로 사회생태학적 변인들은 신체활동단계를 설명하는데 28%의 설명력을 보였으며, 자기효능감이 가장 큰 영향을 미치는 변인으로 나타났다. 본 연구에서 얻어진 결과는 신체활동 참여를 증가시키기 위해 개인의 심리특성 수정을 기본으로 한 지지적 환경구축 전략을 마련하는데 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것이다.

본 연구는 원예프로그램이 유아의 환경 인식태도 및 확산적 사고에 미치는 영향에 대하여 알아보고자 하였다. 경산시의 D, J초등학교 병설 유치원을 다니고 있는 만 4~5세 유아를 대상으로 2010년 5월 11일부터 7월 16일 까지 매주 목요일 오전 10시부터 1시간, 주 1회, 총 10회 원예프로그램을 실시하였다. 유아 환경인식 검사 결과 하위항목 환경지식과 환경태도에서 모두 유의하게(P<0.01) 향상 되었다. 전체 점수 또한 유의하게(P<0.01) 향상되었다. 확장적 사고검사 결과 전체 점수가 유의한 향상을 나타냈으며 하위항목 독창성(P<0.05)과 정교성(P<0.01)에서 각각 유의한 의미가 나타났다. 이상의 결과로부터 원예활동 프로그램이 유아의 환경인식과 확장적 사고에 크게 영향을 끼친다고 판단되었다. 따라서 유아 교육 기관에서는 원예활동 프로그램을 도입한 환경교육이 필요하며 재활용품을 이용한 원예활동 프로그램이 확대되어 나가야 한다고 생각된다.

Today, the importance of environmental education is a matter we are all concerned about. The environment surrounding us, such as the air we breathe, the water we drink, and the soil plants grow in, is critical for our survival. Currently there is a lot of interest in environmental education at the elementary, middle, and high school levels. This is a result of the deep recognition of the importance of the environment. However the environmental education being conducted in schools is not yet at a satisfactory level. The practical issues, including an entrance exam-oriented atmosphere, student' and parents' lack of understanding, and teachers' lack of expertise in environmental education, interfere with the stability of environmental curriculum in the schools. Accordingly, we need to devise an alternative environmental curriculum due to the fact that it hasn't been included as a regular subject in the curriculum of many national schools. This study, carried out from April to December 2009, was an examination of the effect of volunteer work at the place of ecology experience on the environmental sensitivity & state-trait anxiety of the 61 Gifted Students. The students were divided into two groups. The test group consisted of 30 gifted students who did volunteer work at the place of ecology experience run by Ulsan Science High School, in Ulsan Metropolitan City. The control group consisted of the rest of the students. The following are the study results: First, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in increasing the environmental sensitivity of the gifted students. Second, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the state anxiety of in gifted students. Third, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience was influential in decreasing the trait anxiety of in gifted students. Fourth, the volunteer work at the place of ecology experience positively influenced not only the gifted students' view of environmental education, but also their overall character.

Since the effect of environmental education at class using textbooks or materials related to environment is limited, the importance of activities for field experience is getting increased day by day. Thereby, the education tends to change into the type of education providing students with direct environmental experience. Students attending the science high school have excellent aptitude and ability for science and will lead the development of science in the future. Now it is urgent to develop various experiential programs which are helpful for them to establish desirable values on environment. However, the field of environmental education that allows science high school students equipped with ample environmental knowledge to improve environment sensitivity and have proper environment awareness is quite restricted as of now. Natural exploration activities are the programs which provide science high school students having lack of chance for environmental education with good opportunities to contact nature and also play significant roles in arousing their interest in issues related with environment. Therefore, it is thought that they will let science high school students explore the natural features of Korea, understand the importance of preserving environment and ecosystem profoundly, and encourage environmental awareness and will of environmental practice. Thereupon, with the study subjects of 121 first and second graders at U Science High School, this article analyzed their recognition of the necessity for environmental education and environmental pollution problems before and after the natural exploration activities, and conducted a survey on their satisfaction after the natural exploration activities and analyzed it. The result of this research is as follows. First, it was shown that the natural exploration activities were effective to raise the science high school students’ awareness of issues related with environmental pollution. Second, the natural exploration activities had effect upon enhancing the students’ willingness of environmental practice. Third, there was statistically significant correlation between the science high school students’ satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and their achievement in the science subject. Fourth, there also was a statistically non or weakness significant correlation between their satisfaction with the natural exploration activities and preference for the science subject. In particular, it was found that students preferring biology indicated higher satisfaction.

Today’s fundamental purpose of environmental education is to fulfill people’s desire of living in a pleasant environment and at the same time promoting individualistic and collective environmentally friendly behaviors. In order to achieve these purposes, it is very important that each person holds an environmentally friendly mind that constantly tries to preserve and protect the environment which should be acquired through experiencing the importance of the environment. In order to increases the sense of attachment of people and the natural environment, the direction of environmental education should carry out education on environment related knowledge and the condition of environment damage side by side. The direction of environmental education should consider the cultivating student’s awareness for active participation on matters related to the environment and to change their behaviors towards the environment. This study has tested the effect of reflective writing activities about the environment on the environmental sensitivity and willingness to act of 5th grade primary school students. For the sole purpose of this study, 70 students out of 141 5th graders of M Primary School were divided as the experimental group, and another 71 students were divided as the control group. The experimental group participated in 10 activities in where they were asked to express their thoughts and feelings in writing regarding 10 environmental problems occurring near the M Primary School. The control group participated in 10 environmental education lectures focusing on the lecturer. The results were as following. First, the reflective writing activities about the environment were effective in the environmental sensitivity of primary school students. Second, the reflective writing activities about the environment can affect the environmental willingness to act of primary school students. Third, there was a statistically significant correlation between environmental sensitivity and environmental willingness to act.

수학적 발견술은 문제해결과정에 유용한 발견과 발명의 방법이나 규칙, 전략과 전술 등을 말한다. 이러한 수학적 발견술 중 가장 오래된 것이 그리스의 수학자인 Pappus에 의해 정립된 분석법이다. 분석법은 역행적 추론이라고도 불리는 데, 찾고자 하는 것을 이미 찾은 것처럼, 증명해야 할 것을 참인 것처럼 가정하고, 바라는 결과가 이루어지기 위해 어떤 조건이 있어야 하는가를 묻고 이러한 과정을 계속 반복하여 이미 알려져 있거나 참인 것으로 가정한 것에 도달하는 방법이다. 본 연구는 역동적 기하프로그램인 GSP와 같은 소프트웨어는 지필환경의 한계로 인해 사용하기 힘들었던 분석법을 보통 수준의 고등학교 학생들이 자유롭게 사용할 수 있도록 하는 강력한 도구가 될 수 있음을 보이고자 한다. 본 연구에서는 현행 학교 학습에서 소홀하게 다루어질 수 있는 세 가지 이차곡선인 포물선, 타원, 쌍곡선의 작도과정을 역동적 기하환경인 GSP하에서 분석법을 통해 학생 스스로 발견하고 논리적으로 정당화해 가는 일련의 과정을 살펴봄으로써 역동적 기하환경 하에서의 분석법이 학생들의 수학적 발견과 수학적 정당화 능력 신장을 위한 좋은 방법이 될 수 있음을 보이고자 한다.

이 연구는 초등학교 6학년 학생의 환경 인식은 어떤 특징을 가지고 있으며, 학생이 생활하는 지역에 따라 환경 인식은 어떤 차이가 있는지를 알아보고자 하였다. 광주광역시와 경기도에 위치한 5개교 10학급 340명을 대상으로 환경에 대한 그리기 활동과 그림에 대한 설명 그리고 그림에 등장하는 환경 요소를 분석하여 학생들의 환경 인식을 확인하였다. 연구 결과, 환경에 대한 인식은 인공 환경, 자연 환경, 인간 공존 환경, 추상적 환경으로 표면화 되었으며, 생물과 무생물 및 인공물을 포함한 다양한 환경 요소들을 표현하여 학생들의 일상적인 생활 주변의 환경 요소에 대한 높은 인식이 드러난 것으로 보인다. 5 유형으로 구분한 거주 지역별 학생들이 갖는 환경 인식은 유의미한 차이를 보이지 않았고 인공 환경으로 인식하는 경우가 일반적이었다.

The promotion of walking and bicycling is recently a hot topic in the urban planning and design field. Many planners have already examined the many components of the land use-transportation connection and built environment-physical activity link. A rapidly growing area of urban form research is to measure the level of walkability in urban environments. With this background, this research conducted a preliminary study to develop the evaluation indicators of pedestrian environments. Based on the literature reviews on walking or pedestrian environments, we proposed the seventeen indicators related with pedestrian facilities, road attributes and walking environment. We also performed a questionary survey to evaluate the satisfaction of their neighborhood pedestrian environments for 302 randomly selected adults living in the City of Changwon, Gyeongsangnam-do. Finally, this research provided the valid model to evaluate the effects of physical environmental factors on the walking satisfaction using factor analysis and multiple regression analysis.

A macroeconomic minimodel was simulated to analyze the effect of global exchange on the Korea's economy. The simulation results illustrate some of the consequences of public policy and some insight into current world problems. All computer simulation runs made under various conditions suggest that the Korea's system in the near future may be strongly influenced by the favorable availability of outside resources, while the national power and assets may be declined by indigenous environmental stock depletion. The borrowed capital allows the temporary money stock to increase and the national assets to grow faster and a little higher, as using up the environmental resources more quickly. Later, when the debt is paid off, the foreign exchange holdings may not go so high. For the environmentally sound and sustainable development, over 75% of total economic production should be invested to the natural resource management. Therefore, the economic structure of Korea should be transferred from the present industrial structure to social-economic structure based on ecological-recycling concept.

Sustainable development has been the key concept, both in economic policies and in environmental management. On the basis of an systems ecology perspective, this study suggests the sustainable development of Korea's natural environment and economic activity using the EMERGY evaluation. The total EMERGY use(7,730 E20sej/yr) in Korea is 81 percent from imported sources, fuels and goods and services. The ratio of outside investment to attracting natural resources is already large, like other industrialized countries. Continued availability of purchased inputs at a favorable balance of EMERGY trade, currently about 2.85 to 1 net EMERGY, is the basis for present economic activity and must decrease as the net EMERGY of purchased inputs including fossil fuels goes down. EMERGY yield ratio and environmental loading ratio were 1.23 and 20.30, respectively. The population level is already in excess of carrying capacity. Its carrying capacity for steady state on its renewable sources is only 2.2 million people, compared to 45.9 million in 1997. EMERGY sustainability index is therefore less than one, which is indicative of highly developed consumer oriented economies. Until now the development of a country has been achieved by the economic growth, but it can be sustained in the long run by the use of renewable resource systems, the efficiency of energy usage, and the transformation of the social-economic structure based on an ecological-recycling concept.

The problem of supply and transport of sediment from a mountainous catchment is very important in explaining dynamic geomorphology and the hydrological cycle. The discharge of suspended sediment is determined by a morphological system. Human interference to environment is also an important, not negligible factor in sediment production. Moreover, growing concern in recent years for the problems of nonpoint pollution and for the transport of contaminants through terrestrial and aquatic ecosystem,; has highlighted the role of sediment-associated transport in fluvial systems. This study was conducted in forested and quarried catchments in order to clarify the different discharge process and the mechanism of suspended sediment dynamics for each catchment. As a forested catchment, the Yamaguchi River catchment which drains a 3.12 ㎢ area was chosen. On the other hand, the Futagami River basin, which is formed by three subbasins (1.07, 1.59 and 1.78 ㎢), as a quarried catchment was selected. These catchments are situated to the north and east of Mt. Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan. The discharge pattern of suspended sediment from the Futagami River basin is more unstable and irregular than that from forested catchment, the Yamaguchi River catchment. Under the similar rainstorm conditions, suspended sediment concentration from quarried catchment during a rainstorm event increases from 43 to 27,310㎎/l. However, in the case of the forested catchment it changes only from nearly zero to 274 ㎎/l. Generally, the supply source of suspended sediment is classified into two areas, the in-channel and non-channel source areas. As a result of field measurements, in the case of the forested catchment the in-channel (channel bed, channel bank and channel margin) is the main source area of suspended sediment. On the other hand, remarkable sediment source area on the quarried catchmen, is the non-channel that is unvegetated ground.