Autophagy is an important self-eating process to eliminate damaged or unused organelles. We identified nine autophagy-related genes (Atg) including AaAtg-1, -3, -4b, -4d, -5, -6, -8, -12 and -13 from the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. Developmental expression patterns indicate that mRNA levels of AaAtg-1, -3, -4b, -4d, -5, -6, -12 and -13 were highly expressed in egg, whereas expression of AaAtg8 was high in 1stand3rdinstarlarvalstages. TissuespecificexpressionofthesegenesindicatesthatAaAtg1 was highly expressed in thorax and midgut in blood-fed adult female mosquitoes (BF), and head and thorax in sugar fed adult female mosquitoes (SF). Transcript level of AaAtg3 was high in thorax in BF, but head, thorax and Malpighian tubules in SF. AaAtg4b, -4d mRNA levels were significantly high in Malpighian tubules in BF, and head in SF, respectively. AaAtg-5 and -6 transcripts were highly expressed in head in BF, and expression of AaAtg-8 was high in Malpighian tubules in BF. Levels of AaAtg-12 and -13 mRNAs were significantly high in head and midgut in BF. Induction patterns of AaAtg genes against pathogens showed that AaAtg-1, -3, -4b, -8, -12 and -13 were strongly induced at 6 h-post injection of S. aureus, and mRNA levels of AaAtg-1, -3 and -13 were significantly induced by E. coli challenge after 3 h-post injection in SF abdominal carcass. In SF midgut, AaAtg-1, -3, -4b, -4d, -5, -6, -12 and -13 transcripts were drastically induced at 9 h-injection of E. coli and S. aureus, while expression of AaAtg-8 was highly induced by S. aureus and C. albicans at 9 h-post injection. Each AaAtg gene was slightly induced by E. coli, S. aureus or C. albicans at different time points in abdominal carcass in BF. Interestingly, AaAtg-8 was not induced by microbial challenge. While eight other Atg genes except AaAtg-8 were highly influenced by S. aureus at 6 and 9 h-post injection, E. coli at 3 h-post-treatment, and 3, 6, and 9 h-post inoculation. In the future, we will characterize the functional roles of autophagy during mosquito-microbes interaction.

This study investigated number of eggs, hatch rate, toxicities and LT (lethal time) values of Culex pipiens and Aedes albopictus using Aquatain™(Aqua mosquito film). Aquatain™ is a covering agent applied on the surface of water for the control of larva and pupa of mosquito. It forms molecule layer on the surface of the water to lower the surface tension of the water, to prevent flooding of the larva of the mosquito larvae, or to suffocate by obstructing breathing. Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus larvae observed 99.9% and 1% larvicidal effect after 24h, respectively. However, both mosquito pupae were showed 100% mortality after 24 h. The AMF™ was treated with three doses (0.5, 1, 2 folds) to observe the LT value in larvae and pupae stages of Cx. pipiens and Ae. albopictus. The LT values of Ae. albopictus pupa was similar regardless of dose, but the LT value of Cx. pipiens pupa decreased as the dose increased. However, Ae. albopictus larvae showed 18.6 folds longer LT90 time than Cx. pipiens larvae. Both species mosquito showed statistically significant differences in the number of eggs laid and hatch rate at recommended dose. Therefore, Aquatain AMF™ may be used to control mosquitoes, although the activity varies depending on the species of mosquito.

기후온난화 현상이 지속되고 있는 제주지역에서 환경적으로 다른 지역 모기의 계절적 발생밀도를 조사하기 위해 제주시의 국제공항, 항만 구역과 축사 그리고 서귀포 도심지의 11지점을 선정하여 3월부터 11월까지 매달 2회씩 Black light trap과 BG sentinel trap을 이용하여 모기를 채집하였다. 채집된 모기는 5속 7종. 6,042마리였으며, 이 중 빨간집모기(Culex pipiens)가 4,159마리(68.8%)로 우점종이었으며 흰줄숲모기 (Aedes albopictus)는 1,348마리(24.4%)였다. Black light trap를 이용한 채집에서 중앙동주민센터는 트랩당 72.8마리를 채집하여 모기 밀도가 가장 높게 나타났으며 제주국제공항은 트랩당 1.4마리로 가장 낮게 나타났다. BG sentinel trap을 이용한 채집에서는 항만에서 트랩당 71.7마리로 가장 많았고 도심지의 걸매생태공원에서 28.3마리로 가장 낮았다. 시기별로 모기의 밀도는 5월부터 증가하기 시작하여 8월에 1,156마리 (19.1%)로 가장 높은 밀도를 나타내었다. 채집된 암컷모기를 종별, 시기별, 지점별로 나누어 pool당 50마리 이하로 설정하여 총 364 pools에서 flavivirus 존재여부를 real time RT-PCR로 검사하였으나, 검출되지 않았다.

Insect growth regulators (IGRs) are insecticides that disrupt the normal development of target insects. Among the IGR insecticides, juvenile hormone (JH)-related IGRs are of particular interest because they stimulate or interfere with the formation of JH receptor complex. In the precious studies, novel JH-related IGRs with JH agonist (JHA) and antagonist (JHAN) activity were identified by using yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the Aedes aegypti JH receptor complex. In this study, the transcriptomic responses of Aedes albopictus were investigated upon JHA and JHAN, respectively. These results will provide important information about understanding of impact of JH-related IGRs in transcription level.

Eggs from the mosquito genus Aedes exhibit high desiccation resistance that likely facilitate spreading some of them as a vector of human disease throughout the world. However, molecular mechanism underlying the embryonic resistant to desiccation has not well understood. In this study, we performed functional study of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The eggs obtained from AalY-g or AalY-g2 RNAi females showed poor desiccation resistance. TEM analysis revealed that, unlike that seen in the dsEGFP-control eggs, no high electron-dense outer-endochorion was evident in the eggs from AalY-g- or AalY-g2-deficient females. These results suggest that both yellow genes at least play roles in the chorion formation, which appears to be critical for integrity and desiccation resistance in Ae. albopictus eggs.

Recently, it has been reported that plants produce variety of phytochemicals against insect pests as a part of their defencemechanism. In this study, to identify novel compounds that disrupt juvenile hormone (JH) receptor complex, plant essentialoil compounds were tested using in vitro yeast two-hybrid system transformed with the Aedes aegypti JH receptor complex.Among the plant essential oil compounds, farnesol interfered with pyriproxyfen-mediated binding of A. aegypti Met-FISC.In contrast, farnesyl acetate induced the binding of A. aegypti Met-FISC. Also, both compounds caused retardation ofovarian development and change of transcription level in female A. albopictus. These results could provide insights onthe plant-insect coevolution and may be useful for the development of insect specific and safe pesticides.

We evaluated the larvicidal and nematicidal activities of 48 3-acylbarbituric acids analogues against the Asian tigermosquito, Aedes albopictus and the pine wood nematode, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus, organisms of increasing global concern.Among 48 3-acylbarbituric acids analogues, four compounds 10, 14d, 14g, and 19b showed >90% larvicidal activity againstAe. albopictus at 10μg/mL concentration, and one (compound 10) showed the strongest larvicidal activity against Ae. albopictus,with a LC50 value of 0.22μg/mL. Only compound 18 showed strong nematicidal activity against pine wood nematode.Most active compounds possessed similar physicochemical properties; thus, actives typically had ClogP values of around1.40-1.50 and rel-PSA values of 16-17%.

The eggs of Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, possess high desiccation resistance, which could lead rapidly spreading this mosquito across the world. Melanization and/or hardening of mosquito eggshell are critical for desiccation resistance to protect embryo from adverse environment. Dopachrome-conversion enzymes (Yellows) catalyze melanin synthesis in insects. Here we report functional importance of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in desiccation resistance of Ae. albopictus egg. Loss of function of these genes by RNAi causes the fragile exochorion and delay initial melanization of the endochorion. Furthermore, eggs from control females exhibit high desiccation resistance under the air-dry condition, whereas those from AalY-g- or AalY-g2-deficient females are collapsed. TEM analysis reveals ultrastructural defects in the endochorion and serosal cuticle in these eggs. The results indicate that AalY-g and AalY-g2 are critical for integrity and desiccation resistance of the Ae. albopictus egg.

Dengue is the most important arboviral disease in tropical and subtropical areas where 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. Aedes albopictus will be a major vector transmitting dengue virus in Korea, where this virus overseas inflow is possible. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using BG sentinel trap from April to October in 2016. Collected mosquitoes were conducted virus detection using real-time PCR method and analysis bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus. A total of 15 species comprising 7 genera were identified and 4,854 female mosquitoes collected. The most dominant species ratio (SR) was 52.9% (Culex pippins complex) followed by 20.3% (Ae. albopictus), 10.8% (Ae. vexans nipponi) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (3.8%). Dengue virus was not detected. Bloodmeal source of Ae. albopictus was mammals (80.9%) followed by birds (18.6) and amphibians (0.5).

We performed a survey for flavivirus infection and distribution of Aedes albopictus that known as Zika and Dengue virus vector using black–light trap and BG-sentinel trap around urban area in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected in 27 cities during March to November (twice a month) year 2016. Total numbers of mosquitoes collected 102,102 including 19 species 8 genera during collecting period. Total 21,467 Ae. albopictus was collected that 20,961(24.3%) by BG-sentinel trap and 506 (3.2%) by Black-light trap in urban area. Trap index(trap/night) of Ae. albopictus was showed highest in Hamyang (TI:992.3) and lowest in Taebaek (TI:0.3) there was only collected by Black-light trap. A total of 894 pools from all collecting Ae. albopictus were performed a Flavivirus detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases (include Zika virus) and vectors in Korea.

Mosquitoes and hard ticks are vectors of serious diseases, but factors affecting the abundance and distribution of vector species are not well-understood. Therefore, we monitored mosquito populations from three potential mosquito habitats using black light traps and BG-Sentinel traps in Gyeonggi-do, 2016. Also, we surveyed ticks using CO2-based traps at one location in Gyeonggi-do, 2016. From the traps, we collected a total of 4,818 mosquitoes in three potential mosquito habitats, and 3,207 ticks in Gyeonggi-do. Among the collected samples, the highest density of mosquitoes were observed in August, and tick density was highest in August either. In the samples, dominant mosquitoes were Aedes vexans nipponii (Species Ratio 49%), and Culex pipens pallens (SR 25%) in mosquito habitats and dominant ticks were Haemaphysalis longicornis (SR 56%) in Gyeonggi-do. This monitoring program for vector species can help develop effective management strategy, especially under the global climate change.

The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is considered as potential vector of Zika virus in Republic of Korea (ROK). Vector control during mosquito season is one of critical factors for decline of viral transmission. Total 14 oversea travel-associated Zika cases by mosquito bite were reported throughout ROK from January to September 2016 and vector control and monitoring at surroundings of patient’s residences was carried out during three weeks after confirmation of the virus. Although population density rates of Ae. albopictus were remarkably various according to ecological surroundings, population density of Ae. albopictus near forest was higher than urban. All captured Aedes mosquitoes were used for detection of three flavivirus, Zika, Dengue and Chikunguya, using RT-PCR and any virus was not detected. Population density of Ae. albopictus decreased > 65% on average after vector control and in one area > 95% of population density decreased. Our data might reveal that vector monitoring and control at surroundings near residences of oversea travel-associated Zika patients might effectively prevent viral transmission by mosquito bite and naturalization of the virus in ROK.

We conducted a investigation for distribution and flavivirus infection of mosquitoes using black –light trap around Incheon international airport there was possible overseas inflow caused by global warming in Korea. Mosquitoes were collected once a week April to October during 6 years (2009~2015). The numbers of mosquitoes collected in Oseong and Eurwang mountain were 8,969 and 7,978 including 12 species 7 genera respectively during collecting period. Culex pipiens complex was dominant species in two collecting area as 4,621(51.5%) in Oseong and 3,761(47.1%) in Eurwang mountain. A total of 16 pools from 88 Aedes albopictus were performed a Dengue virus (DENV) detection and total 628 pools from 11,146 other mosquitoes performed a West nile virus (WNV) detection. Flavivirus was not detected during study period. This study may provide basic information for surveillance of imported diseases and vectors in Korea.

Dengue is the most important arboviral human infection worldwide. Approximately 50-100 million cases occur annually and more than 2.5 billion people are at risk of infection. This virus is possibility of overseas inflow to be high in Korea. We collected mosquitoes in Jeju, Busan, Gunsan, and Incheon using BG Sentinel trap from April to August in 2016. Collected mosquitoes were conducted virus detection using real-time PCR method. A total of 15 species comprising 7 genera were identified and 3,696 female mosquitoes collected. The most dominant species ratio (SR) was 49.4% (Culex pippins complex) followed by 21.8% (Aedes albopictus), 13.6% (Ae. vexans) and Ochlerotatus dorsalis (4.8%). Dengue virus was not detected in any mosquitoes until now.

차세대염기서열분석기(NGS)의 비약적인 발전으로 전 세계적으로 곤충유전체 연구가 매우 활발하게 진행되어지고 있다. 2015년 기준 285개의 곤충관련 유전체 연구가 수행되었는데 그 중 모기의 경우 Anopheles merus 22개, A. arabiensis 17개, A. funestus 13개, A. quadriannulatus 12개, A. culicifacies 10개, A. gambiae 7개, A. sinensis 5개, A. stephensi 5개의 유전체 프로젝트들이 수행되었거나 수행 중이다. 2015년도 하반기에는 지카바이러스 및 뎅기열 메개체인 Aedes albopictus의 유전체 관련 논문이 2편 출간되었는데 모두 draft 수준의 유전체 연구결과들이다. 대부분의 곤충 유전체 연구들은 NGS 장비 중 Hi-seq 기반 WGS (Whole Genome Shotgun) 방식으로 진행되고 있으며 표준유전체지 도 및 서열이 없어 De-Novo assembly를 통해 contig와 scaffold를 만든 후 gene prediction 및 transcriptome 매핑을 통해 얻어진 일부 유전자 서열을 이용하여 분석하는 방식의 채택하고 있어 유전자 기능 연구자들의 모든 수요를 만족하기는 어려운 실정이다. 이에 추후 진행되어질 모기 등의 매개체의 유전체연구는 고전방식을 NGS에 적용하는 방식 및 최신 개발되어진 long read 분석용 NGS의 이용 등을 적절하게 병합하여 진행하는 유전체 연구방법의 적용이 필요하다.

Pigmentation or melanization is an important physiological event in insects and is involved in cuticle tanning, wound healing and encapsulation as a defensive response. Dopachrome-conversion enzyme (DCE, Yellow) significantly accelerates the melanization of the chorion in mosquito eggs. In this study, we demonstrated functional importance of two ovary-specific yellow genes, AalY-g and AalY-g2, in the Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus. The transcripts of both genes were detected in the ovary of adult females only 48-72 h after blood feeding. RNAi for AalY-g or AalY-g2 had no effect on fecundity. However, the outermost colorless exochorion of the eggs was fragile and partially peeled off, and initial melanization of the endochorion was significantly delayed. Eggs from control females exhibited high desiccation resistance, whereas those from dsAalY-g- or dsAalY-g2-treated females were collapsed (50-80%) under the air-dry condition. Ultrastructural analysis revealed abnormal morphology of the endochorion and vitelline membrane in the AalY-g and AalY-g2-deficient eggshell. These results indicate that AalY-g and AalY-g2 are critical for integrity and desiccation resistance of the Ae. albopictus eggs. This work was supported by NRFs (NRF-2015R1A6A3A04060323).

Seasonal abundance and distribution of mosquitoes and chigger mites are important for human populations. However, factors affecting the abundance and distribution of vector species are not well - understood. Furthermore, global climate change makes it difficult to predict the population dynamics of vector species. Therefore, it is important to monitor this vector species over a long period of time. In 2015, mosquitoes were collected from three potential mosquito habitats using black light trap and BG-Sentinel trap in Gyeongi-do in April through October. Also, we collected chigger mite using sherman live traps in Cheorwon, Gangwon-do in April, September and October. From the survey, we collected a total of 11,649 mosquitoes in three potential mosquito habitats, and a total of 3,656 chigger mites from 54 wild rodents. In the samples, dominant mosquito species were Aedes vexans nipponii (Species Ratio 70%), Culex pipens pallens (SR 9.8%) in Gyeonggi area and dominant chigger mite species was Leptotrombidium pallidium (SR 59%) in Cheorwon. The results of this study can serve as provide fundamental basis to develop effective management strategy under the global climate change environment.

Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus and Culex pipiens pallens mosquitoes transmit dengue fever and West Nile virus diseases, respectively. This study was conducted to determine the toxicity and mechanism of action of four flavonoids and seven fatty acids from Millettia pinnata (Fabaceae) seed as well as four fatty acid esters toward third instar larvae from insecticide-susceptible C. p. pallens and A. aegypti as well as wild A. albopictus. Potent toxicity was produced by karanjin, oleic acid, karanjachromene, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, pongamol, pongarotene, and elaidic acid toward C. p. pallens larvae (24 h LC50, 14.61–28.22 mg/L) and A. aegypti larvae (16.13–37.61 mg/L). Against wild A. albopictus larvae, oleic acid (LC50, 18.79 mg/L) and karanjin (35.26 mg/L) exhibited potent toxicity. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) is the main site of action of the flavonoids, oleic acid, and palmitic acid.,Linoleic acid and linolenic acid might act on both AChE and octopaminergic receptor. Further studies will warrant possible applications of M. pinnata seed-derived products as potential larvicides for the control of mosquito populations.

본 연구는 최근 기후변화 및 온도 상승으로 인한 열대성 매개 질병인 말라리아, 댕기열 등과 같은 모기 매개 질병 확산방제 차원의 필요성이 대두됨에 따라 우리나라에 위치 하고 있는 내륙습지를 대상으로 습지에 서식하는 수서곤충 의 모기 조절 능력을 평가하고자 하였다. 내륙습지 관련 자 료는 전국단위 평가를 위해 다각적인 문헌조사를 병행하였 다. 하지만 우리나라의 경우, 현재 실시되고 있는 전국자연 환경조사 및 전국내륙습지조사 등의 문헌을 참고하였으나 전국자연환경조사는 대부분 유수역을 대상으로 실시하였 으며, 전국내륙습지조사는 식생 위주의 조사 결과가 보고되 어 있는 실정이다. 또한 문헌별 조사방법이 상이하며, 정량 조사가 수행되지 않아 조절서비스의 비교·평가가 불가능하 였다. 따라서 본 연구진에 의해 과거부터 축적된 기존 습지 조사 자료를 바탕으로 평가하였으며, 공주시와 서천군을 대 상으로 현지조사를 실시하여 분석 데이터를 보충하였다. 기 존 습지조사 자료는 진관내동 습지, 둔촌동 습지, 덕소 습지, 무의도 습지, 문경 습지, 우포 습지 등 6개 지역단위 습지조 사 자료를 이용하였다. 현지조사 대상지역은 공주시와 서천 군에 위치한 생물다양성이 높은 자연습지, 영구습지 및 생 물다양성이 낮은 인공습지 등을 대상으로 선정하였다. 저서성 대형무척추동물의 채집은 조사지점의 유량과 물 리적인 환경 및 계절별, 우화시기의 특성을 고려하여 습지 의 정량조사 채집도구인 dredge sampler (40x20 cm, mesh size 500 ㎛)를 사용하여 실시하였으며, 1지점 당 3개의 point를 선정하여 1m 간격으로 동일 지점을 2회 긁어 채집 하였다. 현장조사를 통하여 정량적으로 채집된 저서성 대형 무척추동물의 출현종과 개체수를 기준으로 우점도, 다양도, 풍부도, HOC (노린재목-잠자리목-딱정벌레목)지수, 모기 의 비율을 산출하여 습지별 저서성 대형무척추동물의 군집 구조를 비교·분석하였다. 습지 분석 결과 문경습지에서 39종으로 가장 많은 저서 성 대형무척추동물이 출현하였으며, 덕소습지 35종, 진관내 동습지 33종, 공주시습지 32종, 우포습지 30종, 무의도습지 27종, 둔촌동습지 26종, 서천군습지 12종 등의 순으로 조사 되었다. 단위면적당 가장 많은 개체수가 출현한 지역은 덕 소습지로 752.81/㎡이 나타났으며, 문경습지 733.23/㎡, 우 포습지 579.75/㎡, 진관내동습지 503.33/㎡, 무의도습지 489.79/㎡, 공주시습지 169.08/㎡, 둔촌동습지 132.60/㎡, 서천군습지 101.67/㎡의 순으로 조사되었다. 공주시 습지 에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 2문 3강 9목 32종으로 조사 되었다. HOC 지수와 모기류 비율과의 관계를 살펴보면, 모기류-개체수 비율이 높으면 HOC-개체수 비율이 낮게 나 타났으며, 반대로 모기류-종수 비율이 낮으면, HOC-종수 비율이 높은 경향을 나타내는 것으로 분석되었다. 서천군습 지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 2문 2강 8목 12종으로 조 사되었다. HOC 지수와 모기류 비율과의 관계를 살펴보면, 모기류-개체수와 종수 비율이 낮게 나타났으며, 상대적으로 HOC-개체수와 종수 비율이 매우 높게 분석되었다. 모기류 의 개체수와 종수 비율과 HOC의 개체수와 종수 비율은 서 로 상반되는 경향을 나타내고 있었다. 덕소습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 2강 9목 35종으로 조사되었다. 덕소 습지의 경우 전체 조사지점에서 가장 높은 개체수 현존량을 나타냈으나, HOC-개체수 비율의 경우 12.7%로 가장 낮은 HOC-개체수 현존량을 나타냈다. 이에 따라 모기류의 종수 비율 및 개체수 비율이 각각 5.7% 및 19.8%로 다소 높은 현존량을 나타냈으며, 결과적으로 아우점종이 모기류인 것 으로 나타났다. 무의도 습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 4강 10목 27종으로 조사되었다. HOC-종수 및 개체수 비율은 40.7%, 및 18.7%로 나타났으며, 모기류의 종수 및 개체수 비율은 3.7% 및 0.4%로 나타나 모기류 개체수 비율 이 전체 조사지점에서 가장 낮은 것으로 나타났다. 문경 습 지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 4강 10목 39종으로 조사되었다. 전체 조사지역 중에 가장 높은 HOC-종수 (66.7%) 및 개체수 (69.3%) 현존량을 나타냈으며, 이에 따 라 가장 낮은 모기류 종수 비율 (2.6%)을 나타냈다. 우포 습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 5강 11목 30종으로 조사되었다. HOC-종수 비율이 33.3%로 가장 낮은 현존량 을 나타냈으며, 모기류의 개체수 비율의 경우 32.2%로 가장 높게 나타났다. 진관내동 습지에서 출현한 저서무척추동물 은 3문 3강 10목 33종으로 조사되었다. HOC-종수 및 개체 수 비율은 각각 60.6%, 15.0%로 나타났으며, 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율은 12.1% 및 5.6%로 나타났다. 둔촌동 습지 에서 출현한 저서무척추동물은 3문 3강 9목 26종으로 조사 되었다. HOC-종수 및 개체수 비율은 각각 61.5% 및 32.5% 로 나타났으며, 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율은 3.8% 및 0.9%로 나타났다. 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집과 모기 군집의 상관성분석 은 총 7개의 항목에 대하여, 모기 군집의 종수 비율 및 개체 수 비율과의 상관관계를 분석하였다. 우점도지수와 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율 모두 양의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 다양 도지수와 모기류 종수 및 개체수 비율은 음의 상관관계를 나타냈다. 풍부도지수의 경우 다양도지수와 마찬가지로 모 기 종수 및 개체수의 비율과 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으 로 나타났다. 종수와 모기 종수 및 개체수의 비율은 음의 상관관계를 가지는 것으로 나타났다. HOC-종수 비율과 모 기 개체군 간에는 음의 상관관계가 있는 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구 결과, 모기류의 종수와 개체수는 습지별 군집지 수와 상관성을 가지고 있었으며, 우점도지수를 제외한 다양 도지수, 풍부도지수, HOC-종수, 개체수 비율 등은 모두 모 기류의 종수 및 개체수와 음의 상관관계를 나타내고 있었 다. 따라서 습지별 출현종의 다양성 및 풍부성, HOC의 종 및 개체수의 풍부성은 모기류를 생태적으로 조절하고 있는 것으로 판단된다. 습지별 저서성 대형무척추동물 군집과 모 기 군집의 상관성분석 결과 모든 항목에서 통계적으로 유의 한 차이는 나타나지 않았다. 하지만 상관성 분석 결과 저서 성 대형무척추동물의 군집이 모기류를 조절하는 경향성을 나타내고 있었다.

Mosquitoes are vectors of many human diseases such as Japanese encephalitis, vivax malaria, west nile fever, dengue fever and yellow fever. However, factors affecting the abundance and distribution of mosquitoes are not well-understood. Moreover, the global climate change makes it even more difficult to address and predict the population dynamics of mosquitoes. Therefore, it is important to monitor this medically-important pest throughout landscapes over a long period of time. This study was conducted as a part of the nation-wide surveillance program to monitor insect vectors. In 2015, mosquitoes were collected using black light traps and BG-Sentinel traps in Gyeonggi-do at every two weeks from April to September. Three types of potential mosquito habitats were selected for surveillance: urban area (Suwon), cattle shed (Yongin) and wild bird refuge (Gwangju). Among the three habitats, female mosquitoes were first caught on April 4 by BG-Sentinel trap in the urban area. The highest density of female mosquitoes in the traps was recorded in July in the urban area (134 ± 84 per trap); the highest density was observed in June in the cattle shed (2473 ± 1319) and wild bird refuge (21 ± 15) (mean ± SE). The dominant mosquito species were Culex pipens pallens (91%), Aedes vexans nipponii (79%) and Anopheles sinensis (33%) in the urban area, cattle shed and wild bird refuge, respectively. The results of this study indicate that female mosquitoes were most abundant in the cattle shed habitat type. It is also noteworthy that the dominant mosquito species varied among the habitat types surveyed. This nation-wide monitoring program for medical pests will provide fundamental basis to develop effective management strategy under the global climate change environment.