The purpose of this study is to clarify the characteristics of the ancient architectures of the Yuan Dynasty(元代). The result is expected to efficient for a basic data to research history of the Koryo(高麗) architectures. This study was focused on the architecture of the Yuan dynasty in Hancheng city, because the buildings of the Yuan Dynasty were remained in Hancheng city(韓城) of Shanxi province(陝西) in the largest numbers through all China territory. And the study was especially analyzed in the angle of the system of wooden structures among various architectural points. It was looked into, in large, views of form of whole structure and, in detail, joining method of detail parts. As a result of the study, the characteristics of architectures of the Yuan Dynasty in Hancheng city were summarized as follow a reduction of the unit size, a shifting of columns, a removal of columns and a simplicity of ornaments. These are different with architecture of other empire periods. Also, these are the characteristics of the Korean tradition at architectures. This study of the Yuan's architectures of Hancheng is expected to be the basis of the advanced study about the relationship between Koryo(高麗) architectures and Yuan(元) architectures.

This study is the consideration about Hwaryeong-Jeon that enshrines Joseon Dynasty 22nd king Jeongjo's portrait of a king. Suwon's Hwaryeong-Jeon that accompanied a portrait and performed ritual ceremonies had several formalities and ceremonies which are connected with rituals. therefore, we will try to examine what relation between arrangement of building and plane composition had. And through this, it is thing to observe construction special quality that Hwaryeong-Jeon has. Joseon Dynasty's young-jeon (a hall where the royal portraits are kept) is retaining each other different state according to construction age every moment. Hwaryeong-Jeon among Joseon Dynasty's a hall of royal portraits is the construction form which is equiped well and is known for keeping the form well from the foundation to now And this building is evaluated as the standard form of early part young-jeon building of 19th century. Especially, Hwaryeong-Jeon shows the typical ritual equipments late Joseon Dynasty and at the same time has all kinds of characteristics which only we can find at Hwaryeong-Jeon. Namely, Hwaryeong-Jeon is the building which brings the design concept of the hall of royal portraits to completion as the building which enshrines single portrait of a king. After all, Hwaryeong-Jeon is evaluated as the building which can pass excellent form of late Joseon Dynasty, the hall of royal portraits building just as it is. Therefore, as I study its own style, I expect Joseon Dynasty's mind that enshrined the portrait of a king elaborately to be revealed.

140 buildings of Korean major cities were investigated for the presence of asbestos and man made mineral fibers (MMMF) in their construction materials. 73 (52%) and 84 (60%) buildings contained asbestos and MMMF in their construction materials, respectively, and 17 (12%) buildings contained both asbestos and MMMF. 75% of the asbestos containing buildings were mostly constructed during 1970's. 100% of underground shopping arcades, 90% of manufacturing workplaces, 84% of train and bus terminals had the asbestos containing construction materials. The manufacturing workplaces of Daejeon (89%) and Daegu (89%), which mostly had been built in the past, used asbestos containing building materials, while the building in Seoul, Busan and Jinju, which were constructed recently, used relatively lower asbestos containing building materials with 46%, 28%, and 33%, respectively. 9 building materials that have been widely used in Korea were analyzed using a transmission electron microscope equipped with energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (TEM-EDX) for their mineral contents. All asbestos fibers showed typical characteristics of chrysotile fibers with hollow tube structure. The average diameter ranged from 0.03㎛ to 0.05㎛, and the average length were ranged from 7.5㎛ to 12.0㎛. Atomic percentages of asbestos fibers were 51.9∼55.9% of Mg, 41.3∼44.3% for Si, and 2.7∼4.8% for Fe.

In terms of the way we perceive the world, the history of human beings might be said to be a history of two incompatible forces -'science' and 'myth.' Until today, both indispensable aspects have made human existence possible and characterized human culture. Nonetheless, an essential definition of myth has never been clearly explained. What is the general philosophical thought about myth? Current well known interpretations are so called Enlightenment and Romanticism of myth, which both has same criticism that they has not generally considered myth in terms of its technical function or specified contents. One who overcomes the limit of two current extreme beliefs on myth and also who concerned more with the ultimate origin of myth and its relation to the structure of poetry than the source of its vital accomplishments is philosopher Hans Blumenberg. For him myth is an artificial means and an answers to overcome the 'absolutism of reality.' On this point, the research concerns basically two issues. One is to investigate the functional and structural characters of myth through philosopher Hans Blumenberg's anthropological reflections. The other is to analyze architect Tadao Ando's works and thinking. The intention of the paper is not only to explore the relationship between philosophical theory of Blumenberg and Ando's architectural works, but also to suggest a new critical understanding on architecture from mythological point of view. I also expect that this research will suggests a concrete theoretical idea for constructing and construing artistic form and cultural space.

본 연구에서는 자유진동, 조화하중, 그리고 백색잡음실험을 통해 얻어지는 진동수, 감쇠비, 모드 벡타와 같은 구조물의 모드정보를 이용하여 강성행렬과 감쇠행렬을 구성하였다. 입력신호로는 지진하중을 모사 하는 바닥판 가속도를 이용하였고, 출력신호는 각층 절대가속도를 사용하였다. 각각의 실험에서 얻어지는 구조물 모드정보의 제한조건과 그에 따른 시스템 식별 모델들의 특성을 비교하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 진동대 실험을 위한 기초적인 동적 실험 및 분석에 이용될 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Considering the established research about the characteristics of traditional expression in a contemporary korean architecture, there are two critical problems. the one is that the extent of a case is limited to a public building and a large exhibition building. the other is that the angle of research focus on the viewpoint of specific a level. To settle these problems and supplement a established research, this study is to investigate and analyze the characteristics of popular traditional expression in small commercial buildings. In A viewpoint on the expansion of a case and a various angle, A small commercial buildings is selected as a case. because it is felt that the populace's taste vis-a-vis traditional expression. To investigate and analyze, A main analytic criterion is follows. 1) A expressional method on traditional architectural form 2) A expressional aspect by architectural element 3) A expressional aspect in architectural material 4) A expressional aspect in architectural structure. In consequence we can find out the following results in the process of analysis. 1) In expressional method on traditional architectural form, the traditional expression is represented as the imitation and transformation of a traditional folk house forms, and the embodiment of traditional image 2) In expressional aspect by architectural element, the traditional expression elements is mainly represented at a straw roof and a mud-plastered wall 3) the traditional expression material is mainly straw, timber, small wood boards and mud 4) In expressional aspect in architectural structure, the traditional expression is represented from the viewpoint of decorative expression.

In order to control seismic responses of building structures effectively and stably, it is very important to estimate the dynamic characteristics of target structure exactly based on input-output signal data. In this paper, it is shown that Subspace Identification Method is able to be applied effectively to system identification of building structures. To verify the efficiency of Subspace Identification Method, the vibration experiments were conducted on a specimen structure which is a 5-storied building structure model consisted of H-shaped steel beam, and the simulated seismic responses of the identified structure model were compared with the observed ones under the same excitation. It was observed that the experimental results coincided with the analyzed ones proposed in this paper.

Jeong-Gak is one of the Confucian architecture in Cho-Sun Dynasty. This study is founded on the architectural characteristics and the Confucian order of Jeong-Gak. The Cho-Sun Dynasty had put in operation positive Jeong-Pyo Policy for diffusion Confusion ethics and educate the people. Prize methods of Jeong-Pyo Policy are Jeong-Ryeo, Jeong-moon, remit corvee, present a post and present goods. Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo is red gate. Vocabularies of Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo have used mixing but I think that both meaning is different essentially each other. The red gate that elected in front of gate or gateway is Jeong-Moon and another red gate that elected an entrance a village is Jeong-Ryeo. Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo have no roof, so they are many problem for maintenance and management. Accordingly Jeong-Gak come out from the reign of King Jung-Jong because shelter of Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo. The function of the Jeong-Gak is shelter of the Jeong-Moon and Jeong-Ryeo, encouragement of Sam-Gang(三綱) ethics, and ostentation of a family. Besides it has a monumental characteristic. It has been distributed the whole country land that Jeong-Gak is closely related with the community of same family (rural community) the latter period of the Cho-Sun Dynasty. The architectural particularity of the Jeong-Gak is brilliance of building materials as compared with different Confucian architecture and appearance of various architectural type. It is that a type of Jeong-Gak appeared Jeong-Ryeo-Gak type, a lofty gate type, and Stone Jeong-Ryeo type. And there are keeping a rule that is to say Confucian order clearly.

As the educational function of Confucian school in the late Chosun dynasty had been declined, the other educational institution called YANGSAJAE was established. The founders of the institution was either local authorities or local Confucianists. Otherwise the institution was established by the cooperation of both local authorities and local Confucianists. YANGSAJAE began to be established from the 16th century. Most of them was founded in 1700s. In 1800s, it was not so difficult to see YANGSAJAE in many towns in Young nam and Honam provinces. The institution was located in separate places at the early stage of foundation. But since the middle of 1700s, the institution was located in or near the Confucian school. As a consequence, this influenced the location of Confucian schools in the late Chosun dynasty. In Youngnam province, the institution was mainly located near the Confucian school or in a separate place. On the contrary, most of the institution were constructed within Confucian school in Honam province. There were two types of the flat composition: one is based on hall and the other is based on room. The hall type, which had a hall in the middle and rooms in both sides, was general. The hall type usually had a size of 4-kan in width and 1.5-kan in length. The half-hipped roof was the general type and intimately related to the roof of Myung-Ryun Dang of local Confucian School.

본 논문에서는 일반적으로 사용되고 있느 면진건축물의 내진설계기준에 대한 타당성을 검증하고 새로운 층지진하중 산정식을 제안하였다 UBC-91의 층지진하중 산정식은 충분한 안전성을 가지지 못하였으므로 94년에 개정이 되었다 그러나 개정된 산정식도 고정기초건축물과 유사한 층지진하중 산정식을 사용하였으므로 비경제성이 문제점으로 지적되고 있다 그러므로 제안된 식에서는 2자유도계 면진건축물과 고정기초건축물의 모드형상을 이용하여 안전성, 경제성 및 적용성을 만족시키도록 하였다. 제안된 층지진하중 산정식의 정확성 및 적용성을 검증하기 위하여 코멘트저항 골조형식과 전단변 구조형식의 구조물의 예제해석을 수행하였으며 동적해석의 경우와 근접한 결과를 얻었다.

The purpose of this study is to analyse the architectural character of JE-DAMG at farm village in Ulsan. JE-DANG means the building for DONG-JE (the sacrificial rite of a village). The regions of this study are KANG-DONG MYEN, and UNG-CHON MYEN in Ulsan. The method of this study is the analysis of them after the actual field surveys of 47 JE-DANGs in these regions The survey contains the area, the height, the period of the erection, the architectural structure, the roof shape, the material, the landowner, SHIN-CHE (means a god's name and shape), DANG-SU tree and so on. Methods of the survey are the field survey, the interview of villager, the analysis of reference data and so on. Results of the study are below. JE-DANGs(buildings) of these regions had been built first in the period of Japanese occupancy and erections of them had continued until 1970's. Since then, they have been rebuilt. The primary JE-DANG is characterized by a tiled roof, a wooden post lintel, a mud-plastered wall, and a wooden door. After rebuilding, characters are a flat slab, a tiled roof, a structure of using red bricks, and the area is getting larger than the primary JE-DANG, but 1 KAN persists without variety. Most of houses in the inland area like UNG-CHON MYEN face the south, and ones in the coastal area like KANG-BONG MYEN face the east. Generally there is DANG-SU tree behind JE-DANG. That proves DANG-SU tree to be the object of the rite. The species of DANG-SU is a pine in general ,but various in UNG-CHON MYEN. In general names of the god are DONG-SHIN , DANG-SAN SHIN and SUNG-HWANG SHIN. I think that the landownership of JE-DANG should change the private ownership into the village ownership to preserve JE-DANG though most of lands of JE-DANG are private ones.

There are several treatises about architectural characteristics of Hyangkyo. But those treatises usually treat with the types of site plans or structural characteristics without the historic background. So there needs the approaching methods with the historic background to study about the architecture of Hyangky. This study aims at the sample research about the architecture of Hyangkyo in beginnig period. Kyodong hyangkyo is the first building in hyangkyo. There are some architectural characteristics in this building comparing with the Hyangkyo in ripening period. Such characteristics apper in the site plan of educational spaces and in the floor plans of Myongryundang, Dongjae, Seojae. And there appear some characteristecs in ritual spaces such as the architectural structure of Daesungjun, and the position of stone establishment (Kwansedae, Saengdan) The ritual form of Kyodong hyangkyo has no special characteristics compering with the Hyangkyo in ripening period. These rictual form has kept the general rule of ritura form through the history.

The Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles was an experimental project that Le Corbusier had been waiting for since 1920s in order to explore his ideals and visions in mass housing and city planning. As a leader of the first generation members in CIAM, Le Corbusier tried to give a new form and an order to the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in both building design and city planning level. The purpose of this research is to investigate the design characteristics of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles in three different levels of built environment with a particular emphasis on the process through which an original form is derived from its contextual settings. In the level of city planning, Le Corbusier aimed to reshape traditional low-rise urban housing by deploying several Unites spaciously. Le Corbusier believed that the spacious deployment of Unites would bring us both the functional economy in the city and the natural amenity in the suburbs. As Unite d'Habitation would be called frequently as vertical garden city, the influence of suburban garden city on Unite d'Habitation is apparent. In the building level, the binomial harmony of individual-collectivity was pursued by providing three different public floors and by combining 23 different family unit types in the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. In order to visualize the concept of object-type, family units were prefabricated and inserted into the structural frame of the Unite d'Habitation at Marseilles. Two family units are combined to make a three-story section with street corridor in the middle. This three-story section unit is very original as it has access corridor every third floor and each unit could have considerable depth with the help of the living space of two story height. In consideration of formal and plan similarity as well as contextual edivdence, it is concluded that the three-story section of the Unite d'Habitation is derived more from Narkomfin Apartments than from the monastery at Ema or Immuble Villas.