The computing environment has changed rapidly to enable large-scale finite element models to be analyzed at the PC or workstation level, such as multi-core CPU, optimal math kernel library implementing BLAS and LAPACK, and popularization of direct sparse solvers. In this paper, the design considerations on a parallel finite element code for shared memory based multi-core CPU system are proposed; (1) the use of optimized numerical libraries, (2) the use of latest direct sparse solvers, (3) parallelism using OpenMP for computing element stiffness matrices, and (4) assembly techniques using triplets, which is a type of sparse matrix storage. In addition, the parallelization effect is examined on the time-consuming works through a large scale finite element model.

In commercial game engines, a method of constructing objects by combining components is often used. Components can be assembled and used at any time as needed. In this paper, the 3D game is developed by applying the component method, which is the object creation method widely used in the commercial game engine, in the DirectX 11 environment. There are four kinds of components used in the in-house 3D game. These are four components such as transform, mesh, script, and collider. The component generation method used in this paper shows very good operation efficiency in terms of reusability. This paper also applied tangent space normal mapping to static and dynamic objects and analyzed performance at various screen resolutions. Performance analysis showed that the average rendering speed was 64.6% higher on the low resolution screen than on the high resolution screen. And the rendering speed of model G with normal mapping to all objects among the 8 simulation models is improved by 19.2% compared with model B without normal mapping. The presence or absence of normal mapping has the greatest effect on rendering speed.

In this study, to estimate the combination of earthquake magnitude (Mw) and distance (R) corresponding to the design spectrum defined in Korean Building Code (KBC) 2016, the response spectra predicted from the attenuation relationships with the variation of Mw (5.0~7.0) and R (10~30km) are compared with the design spectrum in KBC 2016. Four attenuation relationships, which were developed based on local site characteristics and seismological parameters in Southern Korea and Eastern North America (ENA), are used. As a result, the scenario ground motions represented by the combinations of Mw and R corresponding to the design spectrum for Seoul defined in KBC 2016 are estimated as (1) when R =10 km, Mw = 6.2~6.7; (2) when R = 15 km, Mw = 6.5~6.9; and (3) when R = 20 km, Mw = 6.7~7.1.

인접 국가인 일본의 후쿠시마 원전에서 극한 자연재해로 인한 중대사고가 발생하면서, 국내에서 중대사고 및 확률론적 안전성 평가 (PSA, Probabilistic Safety Assessment)에 대한 중요성이 재인식되었다. 국내에서는 원전의 소외결말을 평가하는 3단계 PSA에 대한 연구개발이 최근까지 거의 이루어지지 않았다. 본 논문에서는 국외 3단계 PSA 전산코드 중, 미국의 MACCS2 (MELCORE Accident Consequence Code System 2), 유럽의 COSYMA (COde SYstem from Maria) 그리고 일본의 OSCAAR (Off-Site Consequence Analysis code for Atmospheric Releases in reactor accidents)에 대한 간략한 분석과 미국 의 MACCS2에 대한 단점 및 한계점 분석을 수행하였다. 국내·외 전문가들에 의해 공통적으로 지적되어 온 MACCS2의 한 계점은 다수호기사고와 사용후핵연료 저장조로부터의 방출 모사의 불가능, 그리고 대기확산모델을 단순 가우시안 플륨모델을 기본으로 한다는 것이며, 이중 일부는 MACCS2업데이트 버전을 통해 개선되어 왔다. Food chain 모델의 모사의 제한, 해양 및 수계 확산모델의 부재, 제한된 범위의 경제영향평가 등 또한 개선되어야 할 사항이다. 기술보고의 결과는 국내 3단 계 PSA 관련 기술 개발을 위한 기초자료로 활용될 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

지속적으로 발생하고 있는 해적 문제에 대해서 해사보안 관련 협약의 시행 이 해적활동을 진압하는 중요한 방법 중의 하나로 여겨진다. 하지만 더 중요한 것은 그러한 협약이 해적방지를 강화하고 선박에 대한 해적활동 대응책을 장려 하며, 그리고 해적을 상대할 수 있는 기타 모든 방법을 도입 및 강화시킬 수 있 는 기회를 제공해야 한다는 것이다. 한편, 나이지리아 해적의 특성은 항만과 주 변 환경, 연안, 공해와 같은 영토적인 요소와 함께 사회적인 요소를 포함하고 있다. 선박 및 항만시설 보안 코드는 해사분야의 이해관계자에게 역할을 분담 함으로써 해적으로 인한 보안 위험요소를 예방하고 극복하는 데 있어서 전 해 역에 걸쳐 적용될 제도를 도입하고 있다. 이 논문은 전 세계의 해적방지를 목적으로 나이지리아 연안에서의 해적을 방지하기 위해 동 코드의 역할을 살펴보 고자 한다. 그리고 이 논문은 동 코드의 효과적이고 광범위한 시행이 해적공격 에 대한 선박의 취약성을 감소시키고 해적위험성 평가를 강화시키며 궁극적으 로 나이지리아 연안에서의 해적발생을 감소시키는 등 해적행위 대응을 위한 능 력개발을 강화시키는지에 대해 고찰해보고자 한다.

지구 온난화로 인하여 극지역의 얼음이 빠르게 해빙되면서, 북극해에서 운항 하는 선박이 꾸준히 증가함에 따라, 극지해에서의 선박안전 확보와 환경보호에 관한 관심이 국제해사기구 회원국들에게 공유되기 시작하였다. 국제해사기구는 2002년에 강행규정이 아닌 북극 빙해역을 운항하는 선박에 대한 지침을 제정한 바 있다. 2014년 11월 21일 해사안전위원회 제94차 회의에서 극지해에서 운항하는 선 박에 대한 국제코드의 선박 안전 관련 규정인 PartⅠ-A 및 Ⅰ-B1)와 이를 의무 적으로 적용하기 위한 해상인명안전협약의 개정안으로 새로운 부속서 제XIV장 (극지해에서 운항하는 선박의 안전조치)을 채택하였다.2) 또한 2015년 5월 15일 해양환경보호위원회 제68차 회의에서는 국제코드의 환 경보호 규정인 Part Ⅱ-A 및 Ⅱ-B와 이를 강제화 하기 위한 해양오염방지협약 부속서Ⅰ(유류오염방지), Ⅱ(유해액체물질오염방지), Ⅳ(오수오염방지) 및 Ⅴ(폐 기물오염방지)의 개정안을 채택하였다.3) 이 국제코드는 극지해에서 안전한 선 박운항과 극지역 환경보호를 제공하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있으며 해상인명안 전협약과 해양오염방지협약의 개정안의 발효에 따라 2017년 1월 1일 발효된 다.4) 따라서 이 논문은 Polar Code의 제정경과와 주요 채택 내용의 검토를 통하여 그 핵심이 무엇인가를 파악한 다음, 발효에 대비하기 위한 우리나라 정부 및 관련 산업계의 바람직한 대응방안을 제시하는 것을 목적으로 작성된 것이다.

There has been an increasing trend of using code-switching to enhance ad persuasion among local and global brands. Ads that include two or more languages are referred to as code-switched ads (Luna and Peracchio 2005a; 2005b). It is noted that previous studies investigating code-switched ad effectiveness have focused on bilinguals, not monolinguals. Due to the emerging use of code-switching in ads in monolingual markets, more research efforts are required to understand its effectiveness and boundaries among the monolinguals. The purpose of this study is to investigate the moderating role of consumer local-global identity in the effectiveness of code-switched ads among monolinguals. Two experiments were conducted and the results confirmed our hypothesis that consumer local-global identity moderates the effect of code-switched ads. The results indicated that congruence between consumer local-global identity and code-switching enhanced persuasiveness. In addition, the mediating effect of ad involvement was identified. These findings provide managerial implications for marketers.

Quick Response (QR) code has often been employed in promotional coupon campaigns worldwide. This research addresses whether and how curiosity, visual complexity and perceived fit jointly affect consumers’ intention to scan such a code. Based on relevant theories from marketing and psychology, we posit that, while consumers with the high level of curiosity are likely to be more bound to visual complexity, consumers with the low level of curiosity tend to rely more on a good perceived fit, thus overcome the negative effects of visual complexity, forming greater scan intention. To this end, we conduct an experimental study with general consumer sample. The findings support our main prediction. In closing, we discuss theoretical and managerial implications while recognizing important limitations and suggesting future research directions.

In the companion papers (I, II), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites and a new site classification system and design response spectra (DRS) were proposed using the results of the site-specific response analyses. In this paper, the proposed site classification system and the design response spectra are compared with those in other seismic codes and verified by different methods. Firstly, the design response spectra are compared with the design response spectra in Eurocode 8, KBC 2016 and MOCT 1997 to estimate quantitative differences and general trends. Secondly, site-specific response analyses are carried out using VS-profiles obtained using field seismic tests and the results are compared with the proposed DRS in order to reduce the uncertainty in using the SPT-N value in site-specific response analyses in the companion paper (I). In addition, site coefficients from real earthquake records measured in Korean peninsula are used to compare with the proposed site coefficients. Finally, dynamic centrifuge tests are also performed to simulate the representative Korean site conditions, such as shallow depth to bedrock and short-period amplification characteristics. The overall results showed that the proposed site classification system and design response spectra reasonably represented the site amplification characteristic of shallow bedrock condition in Korea.

In the companion paper (I – Database and Site Response Analyses), site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 domestic sites. In this study, a new site classification system and design response spectra are proposed using results of the site-specific response analyses. Depth to bedrock (H) and average shear wave velocity of soil above the bedrock (VS,Soil) were adopted as parameters to classify the sites into sub-categories because these two factors mostly affect site amplification, especially for shallow bedrock region. The 20 m of depth to bedrock was selected as the initial parameter for site classification based on the trend of site coefficients obtained from the site-specific response analyses. The sites having less than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H1 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes using 260 m/s of VS,Soil while the sites having greater than 20 m of depth to bedrock (H2 sites) are sub-divided into two site classes at VS,Soil equal to 180 m/s. The integration interval of 0.4 ~ 1.5 sec period range was adopted to calculate the long-period site coefficients (Fv) for reflecting the amplification characteristics of Korean geological condition. In addition, the frequency distribution of depth to bedrock reported for Korean sites was also considered in calculating the site coefficients for H2 sites to incorporate sites having greater than 30 m of depth to bedrock. The relationships between the site coefficients and rock shaking intensity were proposed and then subsequently compared with the site coefficients of similar site classes suggested in other codes.

Korea is part of a region of low to moderate seismicity located inside the Eurasian plate with bedrock located at depths less than 30 m. However, the spectral acceleration obtained from site response analyses based on the geologic conditions of inland areas of the Korean peninsula are significantly different from the current Korean seismic code. Therefore, suitable site classification scheme and design response spectra based on local site conditions in the Korean peninsula are required to produce reliable estimates of earthquake ground motion. In this study, site-specific response analyses were performed at more than 300 sites with at least 100 sites at each site categories of SC, SD, and SE as defined in the current seismic code in Korea. The process of creating a huge database of input parameters - such as shear wave velocity profiles, normalized shear modulus reduction curves, damping curves, and input earthquake motions - for site response analyses were described. The response spectra and site coefficients obtained from site response analyses were compared with those proposed for the site categories in the current code. Problems with the current seismic design code were subsequently discussed, and the development and verifications of new site classification system and corresponding design response spectra are detailed in companion papers (II-development of new site categories and design response spectra and III-Verifications)

Recognize the QR code and develops the position and orientation of the robot can recognize the robot. It is expected to become the innovative technology of robotic navigation systems and logistics systems. The existing vision of the position recognition method(Vision) or artificial surface(Artificial Landmark)based positioning of pushing the location recognition promoted to use a commercially available wireless signal. When commercially available through these technology are expected to be able to make the logistics robot capable of precise position recognition excellent in cost and performance. In the case of the Amazon by Kiva Systems of automation and robotics technology and logistics system in the same way that suggests supplied to the consumer in the short term it innovates in the current logistics. This same technology is location-aware robot control system of the Amazon and is expected to be an innovative logistics system to transfer after development is complete.

최근의 HNS 해상물동량 증가와 더불어 해상 HNS 사고의 증가에 따라 HNS 관리에 대한 중요성이 부각되어, 본 연구에서는 HNS 사고를 체계적으로 표현하여 Database화 할 수 있는 체계를 마련하기 위해 해상 HNS 사고사례 표준코드를 개발하고자 하였다. 연구 수행을 위해 먼저 기존 통계자료의 분류 항목과 국내외 법령에 따른 사고보고 항목을 조사하여 필수적인 사고보고 관련 요소들을 도출하였고, 해외 선진국의 유사한 표준 코드를 조사·분석하여 본 연구에서 개발하고자 하는 코드 설계에 참조하였다. HNS 사고사례 코드 설계는 사고정보를 입력·조회하는 일반적인 해상 HNS 사고의 흐름에 따라 ‘사고발생 → 사고초기정보 → 사고대응 → 사고조사’ 순으로 설정하였는데, 사고초기에 바로 알 수 있는 정보들을 먼저 5가지 대분류 항목으로 분류하여 사고초기정보(Preliminary Information Code; P.I.C.)로 구성하였고, 사고 발생 후 일정 시간이 지난 뒤 파악이 가능한 사고대응 관련 2개 항목, 사고조사 관련 3개 항목을 대분류 항목으로 설정하여 사고 초기정보(P.I.C.)를 포함하여 사고전체정보(Full Information Code; F.I.C.)로 구성하였다. 각 대분류 항목 아래에는 중분류, 소분류로 세분화하여 각 항목에 대하여 3단계로 표현할 수 있도록 하였다. 대표적인 HNS 유출사고를 코드에 적용하여 코드화한 결과 HNS 사고를 충분히 표현할 수 있음을 확인하였다. 본 코드를 적용함으로써 과거 발생했던 사고데이터의 분석을 통해 향후 발생가능한 사고의 예측이 가능할 것으로 예상되고, 미래에 발생하는 사고에 대한 데이터를 체계적으로 관리함으로써 사고 대비와 대응, 복구 등에 유용할 것으로 판단된다.

The research on improvement of false alarm from the automatic fire detection system has been continually achieved in the meantime. But the research for the code-transmitter as one of component devices of the automatic fire detection system. In order to improve difficulty of the code-transmitter check-up, introduction for the address type-code-transmitter and the automatic recovery system for check up of the code-transmitter was proposed. In order to prevent against occurrence of noise and signal attenuation, introduction of the optical fiber cables that noise and signal attenuation do not occur and introduction for an optical communication relay that can apply to was proposed respectively.