최근 기후변화로 인해 외래 무척추동물(곤충)의 돌발발생 가능성이 높아지고 있는 추세를 감안할 때 이들에 대한 확산 및 변화예측 진단을 통한 조기방제의 중요성이 대두되고 있다. 그러나, 외래곤충의 종 정보 및 정확한 침입경로가 충분치 않아 문제해충이 될 가능성이 매우 높은 것이 사실이다. 또한, 신속정확한 정책결정을 위해서 는 현장조사자료가 체계적으로 수집되어 종합되어야만 정확한 진단 및 방제에 활용될 것이므로 이에 대한 다양 한 장치가 필요하다. 현재 국내 서식 중인 주요 산림해충 일부를 제외한 종들은 대부분 외래곤충으로 돌발적으로 대발생한 해충이 많이 포함되어 있어 국내에 유입된 외래 곤충에 대한 체계적인 데이터 확보를 통해 정착, 확산, 생태계 영향 예측모델 개발 및 활용시스템의 구축이 요구되는 실정이다. 따라서, 본 연구는 외래 곤충의 전국적인 모니터링을 통해 분포정보 및 생태정보 등의 중요 데이터 수집과 최신 정보를 활용하여 국내 유입된 외래 곤충의 정착, 확산, 생태계 영향 및 변화예측을 위한 전략수립과 모바일 등을 이용한 전자야장의 사용에 대해 논하고자 한다.

Research on alternative fumigants to replace methyl bromide (MB), a harmful ozone-depleting substance and highly toxic pesticide, began in 2007. Initial tests focused on using ethyl formate for fruits and EDN for wood. Subsequently, alternative techniques were developed for a total of 94 plant types using ethyl formate, EDN, and phosphine, demonstrating Korea's superior performance compared to other countries, especially in practical applications. However, when it comes to wood products, the primary users of methyl bromide, EDN is scarcely used due to concerns about worker safety. An emerging alternative to MB is sulfuryl fluoride (SF), widely employed in North America to control wood-damaging pests like termites. SF's advantages include a lower boiling point and higher vapor pressure, making it effective against wood pests. Yet, certain bark beetle eggs require higher doses and longer treatment periods, resulting in established international standards (e.g., 120g/m3 for 48 hours at 20℃), posing challenges for field applications. Recently, the APQA initiated basic research to apply SF to wood. They are assessing SF's effectiveness against various wood-destroying pests, including termites, bark beetles, and long horn beetles, while also evaluating the feasibility of mixed treatments to reduce dosage. Once SF fumigation standards are established, it is expected to significantly reduce methyl bromide use in commonly used wood types, contributing to ozone layer protection and enhancing fumigation work safety.

사막이리응애(Neoseiulus californicus)는 칠레이리응애에 비하여 고온건조한 조건에서 유리하고 점박이응 애, 차응애, 차먼지응애 등 응애류 뿐만 아니라 가루이, 총채벌레 등 다양한 미소해충을 포식 포식하는 광식성 천적으로서 전세계적으로 산업화되고 있다. 사막이리응애를 농가수준에서 증식하기 위하여 간단한 대량생산 방법을 개발하였다. 천적의 먹이원인 가는다리고기진드기와 배지로서 밀기울(70%) 및 팽창질석(30%)을 멸균 팩에 넣고 사막이리응애를 사육하였다. 그 결과 사막이리응애의 밀도는 3주차에 18배로 증식되었다. 증식된 사막이리응애를 딸기 농장에 2월초부터 4월초까지 8주간 매주 투여한 결과 잎당 점박이응애의 밀도는 무처리구 에서 41.5마리이고 천적처리구는 7.0마리로서 점박이응애 방제효과가 83%로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 자가 생산한 사막이리응애를 활용하여 딸기농가의 점박이응애 방제에 효과적으로 사용할 수 있을 것으로 판단된다.

Natural enemy insects, including predators and parasitoids, are beneficial organisms that feed upon other agricultural pests. Using natural enemy insects to suppress or prevent outbreak of pests is a key component of integrated pest management strategy. It is safe, effective, and environmentally friendly and can be applied easily to the greenhouses, filed crops and orchards. Rearing and application of natural enemy insects in biocontrol in China have a long history. As early as 1700 years ago, the predator Oecophylla smaragdina has been used for controlling many kinds of citrus pests. Up to now, more than 30 species of natural enemies that can be artificially mass produced and widely used for biological control of many kinds of pests, including caterpillars, aphids, whiteflies, thrips, leaf mites and scales in China. The annual average application area of natural enemies is over 11.34 million hectares. However, with the increasing demand of using natural enemies in biological control programs, the development of natural enemy insect industrialization still face many challenges. It is urgent to explore more effective candidate natural enemies, improve the production efficiency, increase the shelf life of products and enhance the colonization of natural enemy insects after release, and thus facilitate the commercially production and application of natural enemies. This is of great significance for comprehensively promoting the use of green prevention and control techniques for crop diseases and pests, reducing the use of chemical pesticides, ensuing the quality and safety of food and agricultural products, and ultimately promoting sustainable agricultural development.

United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission (U.S. NRC) specifies regulations on obtaining licenses and describes the technical position on the average waste concentration, also known as Concentration Averaging and Encapsulation Branch Technical Position (CA BTP); CA BTP helps classify blendable waste and discrete items and address concentration averaging. The technical position details are reviewed and compared in a real environment in Korea. A few cases of concentration averaging based on the application of CA BTP to domestic radioactive waste are presented, and the feasibility of the application is assessed. The radioactive waste considered herein does not satisfy the Disposal Concentration Limit (DCL) of the second-phase disposal facility while applying the preliminary classification. However, if CA BTP is applied when the radioactive waste is mixed with other radioactive waste items in a large and heavy container, it can be disposed of at the second-phase disposal facility in Gyeongju Repository. To apply the CA BTP of the U.S. NRC, it is necessary to investigate the safety assessment conditions of the US and Korea.

This study was aimed to isolate bacterial inoculants producing chitinase and evaluate their application effects on corn silage. Four corn silages were collected from four beef cattle farms to serve as the sources of bacterial inoculants. All isolates were tested against Fusarium graminearum head blight fungus MHGNU F132 to confirm their antifungal effects. The enzyme activities (carboxylesterase and chitinase) were also measured to isolate the bacterial inoculant. Based on the activities of anti-head blight fungus, carboxylesterase, and chitinase, L. buchneri L11-1 and L. paracasei L9-3 were subjected to silage production. Corn forage (cv. Gwangpyeongok) was ensiled into a 10 L mini silo (5 kg) in quadruplication for 90 days. A 2 × 2 factorial design consists of F. graminearum contamination at 1.0104 cfu/g (UCT (no contamination) vs. CT (contamination)) and inoculant application at 2.1 × 105 cfu/g (CON (no inoculant) vs. INO (inoculant)) used in this study. After 90 days of ensiling, the contents of CP, NDF, and ADF increased (p<0.05) by F. graminearum contamination, while IVDMD, acetate, and aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05). Meanwhile, aerobic stability decreased (p<0.05) by inoculant application. There were interaction effects (p<0.05) on IVNDFD, NH3-N, LAB, and yeast, which were highest in UCT-INO, UCT-CON, CT-INO, and CT-CON & INO, respectively. In conclusion, this study found that mold contamination could negatively impact silage quality, but isolated inoculants had limited effects on IVNDFD and yeast.

The metal bush assembling process is a process of inserting and compressing a metal bush that serves to reduce the occurrence of noise and stable compression in the rotating section. In the metal bush assembly process, the head diameter defect and placement defect of the metal bush occur due to metal bush omission, non-pressing, and poor press-fitting. Among these causes of defects, it is intended to prevent defects due to omission of the metal bush by using signals from sensors attached to the facility. In particular, a metal bush omission is predicted through various data mining techniques using left load cell value, right load cell value, current, and voltage as independent variables. In the case of metal bush omission defect, it is difficult to get defect data, resulting in data imbalance. Data imbalance refers to a case where there is a large difference in the number of data belonging to each class, which can be a problem when performing classification prediction. In order to solve the problem caused by data imbalance, oversampling and composite sampling techniques were applied in this study. In addition, simulated annealing was applied for optimization of parameters related to sampling and hyper-parameters of data mining techniques used for bush omission prediction. In this study, the metal bush omission was predicted using the actual data of M manufacturing company, and the classification performance was examined. All applied techniques showed excellent results, and in particular, the proposed methods, the method of mixing Random Forest and SA, and the method of mixing MLP and SA, showed better results.

A 14-year-old castrated male Shih Tzu presented with acute hemorrhagic vomiting. The initial medical records indicated a probable diagnosis of acute gastritis due to inappropriate food intake. Although gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy was the preferred diagnostic approach, the client declined anesthesia because of the dog’s underlying heart condition. Therefore, we opted for anesthesia-free capsule endoscopy. The procedure identified severe gastritis with no detectable abnormalities in the other GI regions. Following diagnosis, dietary modifications and omeprazole treatment were initiated, resulting in the resolution of clinical symptoms. Follow- up capsule endoscopy 3 weeks later verified a significant improvement in gastritis. This case highlights the potential of capsule endoscopy as a valuable diagnostic tool in patients presenting with acute vomiting.